Jin Sheping Article: China's Planning Demonstrate's System's Superiority - Stressing 1992 Consensus & 'Correct Historical Perspectives' with Taiwan - Airbus' New Facility in Tianjin
Here are the key reports and articles that I found noteworthy from the People’s Daily’s edition from Thursday, October 23, 2025.
Page 1: There’s a Jin Sheping article on the page today, which makes the case that China’s system brings it unique advantages and is fundamentally superior.
“At present, the world is undergoing changes unseen in a century at an accelerated pace. China is unswervingly managing its own affairs well, unswervingly expanding high-level opening up to the outside world, adheres to the new development concept to guide high-quality development, and through its own development provides new opportunities for the world. During the 14th FYP period, China’s total economic volume successively surpassed the thresholds of 110 trillion yuan, 120 trillion yuan, and 130 trillion yuan, and is expected to reach about 140 trillion yuan in 2025. The five-year increase is expected to exceed 35 trillion yuan, with a contribution rate to world economic growth maintained at around 30%, becoming an ‘oasis of certainty’. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: ‘In the face of new situations and tasks, it is necessary to further comprehensively deepen reform, continue to improve systems and mechanisms in all aspects, consolidate the foundation, enhance strengths, make up for shortcomings, and strengthen weak points, continuously transforming our institutional advantages into greater effectiveness in national governance.’ Looking around the world, China’s ‘scenery here is uniquely beautiful’, demonstrates that under the centralised and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, persisting in a people-centered development philosophy, fully leveraging institutional advantages such as concentrating strength to accomplish major undertakings, ‘drawing one blueprint to the end’, and coordinating the entire nation as one chessboard, contains profound historical logic, theoretical logic, and practical logic’.” 当前，世界百年变局加速演进，中国坚定不移办好自己的事，坚定不移扩大高水平对外开放，坚持以新发展理念引领高质量发展，以自身的新发展为世界提供新机遇。“十四五”时期，中国经济总量连续跨越110万亿元、120万亿元、130万亿元大关，2025年预计达140万亿元左右，5年增量预计超35万亿元，对世界经济增长贡献率保持在30%左右，成为“确定性的绿洲”。习近平总书记指出：“面对新的形势和任务，必须进一步全面深化改革，继续完善各方面制度机制，固根基、扬优势、补短板、强弱项，不断把我国制度优势更好转化为国家治理效能。”放眼全球，中国“风景这边独好”，彰显在党中央集中统一领导下，坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，充分发挥集中力量办大事、“一张蓝图绘到底”、全国一盘棋等制度优势，蕴含着深刻的历史逻辑、理论逻辑和实践逻辑.
The next bit in the first section of the article is worth reading. It underscores not just the sense of confidence but also the constant comparative assessment that one finds in Chinese discourse. The argument remains that the Chinese governance system is unique and is superior to other systems. For anyone reading these arguments, the view that China does not view the world from a systems or ideological competition lens is missing the point. In the paragraph above, the phrase: “风景这边独好” is essentially the Chinese equivalent to the notion of the shining city upon a hill, underscoring the uniqueness of the system that is led by the CPC.
“To manage China’s affairs well, the key lies in the Party. The most essential characteristic of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the CPC; the greatest advantage of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the CPC. The centralised and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee is the fundamental guarantee for doing economic work well. At critical moments and important junctures, the Party Central Committee promptly assesses the situation and makes decisions and deployments, ensuring that our country’s economic ship rides the wind and waves, and sails steadily and far. This is the greatest consensus formed throughout the entire Party. Scientifically formulating and successively implementing five-year plans is an important experience of our Party in governing the country, and also an important political advantage of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
In the practice of leading socialist modernisation construction, our Party has continuously summarised the experience of formulating and implementing five-year plans, and explored and formed an institutional design under the centralised and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee. Under this framework, the plenary session of the Party Central Committee puts forward planning proposals, the State Council drafts the outline of the plan, and after review and approval by the National People’s Congress, it is announced and implemented to the public thereby effectively transforming the Party’s propositions into national will. The five-year plan is neither unique to China nor created by China, yet the only one that persists in successively formulating and implementing five-year plans is China. The five-year plan has already become a practice with distinctive features of our country’s socialist modernisation construction, deeply embedded in the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: ‘some foreign leaders have told me that China has a great advantage; you always make all kinds of plans, and all your plans can always be realised’.
Since the 18th Party Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping has personally served as the head of the drafting groups for the proposal documents of both the 13th FYP and the 14th FYP, personally planning, deploying, and promoting the work of national development planning, making strategic arrangements for securing victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and for comprehensively building a modern socialist country, thereby making planning one of the important means by which the Party Central Committee sets direction, plans the overall situation, determines policy, and promotes reform.
At a time when some countries’ macro policies are shortsighted and constantly ‘flipping pancakes’, our Party, through the method of governing the country via five-year plans, has promoted economic strength, scientific and technological strength, comprehensive national strength, and the people’s living standards to leap to new heights, opening up a brand-new situation of Chinese-style modernisation. From a global perspective, one conclusion is increasingly clear: under the centralised and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, China’s consistent development blueprint, with stable expectations, a clear path, and an open posture, has achieved both quantitative and qualitative improvement of its economy, becoming an important support for the global economy to navigate through ‘uncertainty’.”
办好中国的事情，关键在党。中国特色社会主义最本质的特征是中国共产党领导，中国特色社会主义制度的最大优势是中国共产党领导。党中央集中统一领导是做好经济工作的根本保证，在关键时刻、重要节点，党中央及时研判形势、作出决策部署，确保我国经济航船乘风破浪、行稳致远。这是全党上下形成的最大共识。科学制定和接续实施五年规划，是我们党治国理政一条重要经验，也是中国特色社会主义一个重要政治优势。在领导社会主义现代化建设的实践中，我们党不断总结制定和实施五年规划的经验，探索形成了在党中央集中统一领导下，由党中央全会提出规划建议、国务院编制规划纲要草案、全国人大审查批准后向社会公布实施的制度设计，从而将党的主张有效转化为国家意志。五年规划并非中国独有，也不是中国首创，然而坚持接续编制和实施五年规划的唯有中国。五年规划已经成为我国社会主义现代化建设特色鲜明的实践，深嵌于中国特色社会主义制度之中。习近平总书记指出：“有外国领导人对我说，中国有一大优势，你们总是制定各种规划，而且各种规划总是能实现。”党的十八大以来，习近平总书记亲自担任“十三五”和“十四五”规划建议文件起草组组长，亲自谋划、亲自部署、亲自推动国家发展规划工作，对决胜全面建成小康社会和全面建设社会主义现代化国家作出战略部署，使规划成为党中央把方向、谋大局、定政策、促改革的重要手段之一。当一些国家宏观政策短视化、来回“翻烧饼”时，我们党通过五年规划这一治国理政方式，推动经济实力、科技实力、综合国力和人民生活水平跃上新的大台阶，开创了中国式现代化的崭新局面。全球视野下，一个结论愈发清晰：在党中央集中统一领导下，中国一以贯之的发展蓝图，以稳定的预期、清晰的路径、开放的姿态，实现了自身经济量质齐升，成为全球经济穿越“不确定性”的重要支撑。
In the second section, the article says:
“General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: ‘Our greatest advantage lies in our socialist system’s ability to concentrate resources on major undertakings. This is an important magic weapon for us to achieve success in our endeavours’. Only by concentrating strength can priorities be ensured. From improving the modernised industrial system to tackling major scientific and technological projects, from constructing major national projects to promoting green development…since the new era, we have adhered to combining an effective market with a capable government, effectively organising various undertakings and carrying out various tasks, and, guided by the new development philosophy, have led high-quality development to a new stage.
Only by concentrating resources can breakthroughs be achieved. Promoting the ‘lump-sum system’ reform for scientific research funding, granting researchers greater autonomy; promoting reform of the marketisation of data elements, making the momentum for innovation stronger; ‘government sets up the stage, enterprises perform the opera, scientific research institutes provide support’, allowing innovation to originate from and return to the market… since the new era, China has achieved a series of major original results in fields such as quantum science, life sciences, material science, and space science, promoting the cause of science and technology to achieve historic accomplishments and undergo historic transformations.
Looking across the globe, China’s institutional advantage of combining an effective market with a capable government, and ‘concentrating strength to accomplish major undertakings’, has become even more prominent. While some countries are still mired in the shortsightedness and constant policy reversals under multiparty systems, China adheres to treating the whole country as one chessboard, mobilises enthusiasm from all sides, and continues to advance steadily along the correct direction.
Singapore’s Lianhe Zaobao once commented: ‘Looking around the world, there is no country like China today that advances reform in a way that does what it says and races against time’. From a global perspective, one conclusion is increasingly clear: China, adhering to treating the whole country as one chessboard, keeping pace with the times and giving full play to the institutional advantage of concentrating strength to accomplish major undertakings, mobilises the enthusiasm of all sides, propelling China’s economic ship to ride the wind and waves, and sail steadily and far.”
习近平总书记指出：“我们最大的优势是我国社会主义制度能够集中力量办大事。这是我们成就事业的重要法宝。”集中力量，才能保证重点。从完善现代化产业体系到攻关重大科技项目，从建设国家重大工程到推动绿色发展……新时代以来，我们坚持有效市场和有为政府相结合，有效组织各项事业、开展各项工作，以新发展理念引领高质量发展迈上新台阶。集中资源，才能实现突破。推行科研经费“包干制”改革，赋予科研人员更大自主权；推进数据要素市场化改革，创新动能更强劲；“政府搭台、企业唱戏、科研院所支撑”，让创新从市场中来、到市场中去……新时代以来，我国在量子科技、生命科学、物质科学、空间科学等领域取得一批重大原创性成果，推动科技事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革。放眼全球，中国坚持有效市场和有为政府相结合、“集中力量办大事”的制度优势更加凸显。当一些国家还在困于多党制下的政策短视、朝令夕改时，中国坚持全国一盘棋，调动各方面积极性，始终沿着正确方向稳步前进。新加坡《联合早报》曾评价：“环顾世界，没有一个国家能像当今中国这样，以一种说到做到、只争朝夕的方式推进改革。”全球视野下，一个结论愈发清晰：中国坚持全国一盘棋，与时俱进发挥集中力量办大事的制度优势，调动各方面积极性，推动中国经济航船乘风破浪、行稳致远。
In the third section, the article makes the argument that it is important to put people at the center.
“When in some countries social problems such as gun violence and racial discrimination are prominent, and even basic social stability cannot be guaranteed, China has always adhered to ‘reform to benefit people’s livelihood, opening up to promote common prosperity’ as its value coordinates, providing a different kind of answer sheet. Since the new era, among over 2,000 reform plans, the character ‘人’ people runs through from beginning to end: the reform of the medical and healthcare system has promoted centralized drug procurement and price reduction, curbing the excessive rise of medical costs; the reform of the education system has promoted the integration of urban and rural compulsory education, making high-quality educational resources more balanced; the reform of the elderly care service system has expanded inclusive supply, responding to the needs of an aging society…reform has always focused on people’s livelihood, demonstrating the warmth of the system…By promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind and putting forward four major global initiatives, China demonstrates through concrete actions the responsibility of a major country. In the field of agriculture, China helps developing countries improve food production through technical cooperation and shares poverty reduction experience; in the field of energy, China exports photovoltaic and wind power technologies to multiple countries, helping them achieve energy structure transformation. This kind of cooperation that ‘teaches people how to fish’ not only helps developing countries raise their level of development, but also creates large numbers of jobs and improves people’s livelihood and well-being.
‘Chinese-style modernisation is modernisation that follows a path of peaceful development. China will always be a force for peace, stability, and progress in the world.’ From a global perspective, one conclusion is becoming increasingly clear: development is for the people, development relies on the people, and the fruits of development are shared by the people. China has always adhered to a people-centered development philosophy, stood on the right side of history and the progress of human civilisation, and promoted the building of a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness, inclusiveness, cleanliness, and beauty, following the righteous path of humanity. China’s practice proves that the socialist system with Chinese characteristics is full of vitality and vigour, anchoring navigation with scientific blueprints, stimulating momentum with reform and opening up, taking the improvement of people’s lives and enhancement of people’s livelihood and well-being as the starting point and foothold of development. This system is not only good at stimulating internal driving forces, but also proactively integrates global resources; it both emphasizes the continuity of strategic planning and maintains innovation that keeps pace with the times. This is not only the solid confidence for China to realise high-quality development, but is also an important contribution that China makes to the progress of human civilisation. 当一些国家枪支暴力、种族歧视等社会问题突出，基本的社会稳定都保障不了时，中国则始终坚持以“改革惠民生、开放促共富”为价值坐标，书写了别样答卷。新时代以来，2000多个改革方案，大写的“人”字贯穿始终：医药卫生体制改革推动药品集中采购降价，让医药费用过快增长势头得到遏制；教育体制改革促进城乡义务教育一体化，让优质教育资源更均衡；养老服务体系改革扩大普惠供给，回应老龄化社会需求……改革始终聚焦民生，彰显制度温度。同球共济、和合共生。推动构建人类命运共同体、提出四大全球倡议，中国以实际行动彰显负责任大国担当。在农业领域，中国通过技术合作帮助发展中国家提升粮食产量，分享减贫经验；在能源领域，中国光伏、风电技术出口到多个国家，推动当地实现能源结构转型。这种“授人以渔”的合作，既帮助发展中国家提升发展水平，又创造大量就业岗位，改善民生福祉。“中国式现代化是走和平发展道路的现代化，中国永远是世界的和平力量、稳定力量、进步力量。”全球视野下，一个结论愈发清晰：发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享，中国始终坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，站在历史正确一边，站在人类文明进步的一边，推动建设持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界，走的是人间正道。中国的实践证明：中国特色社会主义制度生机勃勃，以科学蓝图锚定航向，以改革开放激发动能，以改善人民生活、增进民生福祉作为发展的出发点和落脚点。这一制度既善于激发内生动力，又主动融通全球资源；既注重战略规划的连续性，又保持与时俱进的创新力。这不仅是中国实现高质量发展的坚实底气，也是中国为人类文明进步所作出的重要贡献。
“Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the choice of history and the people. Only socialism can save China, only socialism with Chinese characteristics can develop China, and only by upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics can the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation be achieved. Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, and by unswervingly advancing along the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, China in the new era will surely win even greater victories and glory on its new journey!” 中国特色社会主义是历史的选择、人民的选择。只有社会主义才能救中国，只有中国特色社会主义才能发展中国，只有坚持和发展中国特色社会主义才能实现中华民族伟大复兴。在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，坚定不移沿着中国特色社会主义道路奋勇前进，新时代的中国必将在新征程上赢得更加伟大的胜利和荣光!
Another article on the page talks about macroeconomic policy during the 14th FYP period. Some useful points from that:
Since the 14th FYP, the fiscal deficit ratio has increased from 2.7% to 3.8%, and further increased to 4% this year; new tax and fee reductions, refunds, and deferrals have exceeded 10 trillion yuan. (Note: This is quite an important data point. It is indicative of a worsening revenue-side challenge for the Chinese leadership. Now think of declining profitability of enterprises, along with the pressure on local governments and the infirmities of the property sector.)
During the 14th FYP period, nearly 100 trillion yuan has been invested in people’s livelihoods; the central government allocated 318.6 billion yuan in employment subsidies, a 29% increase over the 13th FYP.
As of the first half of this year, the goods trade-in program had driven sales of 2.9 trillion yuan, with approximately 400 million people benefiting from the subsidies.
Page 2: There’s a report (English report) on Airbus opening its second final assembly line for the A320 aircraft in China. The new facility aims to become fully operational by early 2026.
Page 3: There’s an article by China’s ambassador to North Korea. Ambassador Wang Yajun makes four broad points:
“The strategic guidance of the top leaders provides the fundamental guarantee for the relationship. The traditional friendship between China and North Korea was personally forged by the older generation of leaders of the two parties and countries, and has been continuously consolidated and developed under the guidance of successive generations of leaders of the two parties and countries. Since the 18th Party Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping and General Secretary Kim Jong Un have maintained close strategic communication through various channels, ushering China-North Korea relations into a new historical period. In early September, the top leaders of the two parties and countries met in Beijing, charting the course and laying out a blueprint for the development of China-North Korea relations. Under the personal care and strategic guidance of General Secretary Xi Jinping and General Secretary Kim Jong Un, China-North Korea relations will surely ride the wind and waves and move forward steadily.” 最高领导人的战略引领是根本保障。中朝传统友谊为两党两国老一辈领导人亲手缔造，也在两党两国历代领导人的指引下不断巩固发展。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记和金正恩总书记通过多种形式保持密切战略沟通，引领中朝关系进入新的历史时期。今年9月初，两党两国最高领导人在北京举行会晤，为中朝关系发展指明了方向、擘画了蓝图。在习近平总书记和金正恩总书记的亲自关心和战略引领下，中朝关系必将乘风破浪、行稳致远.
The deep-rooted traditional friendship is an important foundation.
“The shared ideal of socialism is a powerful driving force. China and North Korea, both socialist countries led by a Communist Party, share common ideals, beliefs, and goals. China is comprehensively advancing the great cause of building a strong nation and achieving national rejuvenation through Chinese-style modernisation, while North Korea continues to make new achievements in socialist construction. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasised that China and North Korea are good neighbours, good friends, and good comrades who share a common destiny and support each other. China will continue to support North Korea in pursuing a development path that suits its national conditions. General Secretary Kim Jong-un said that no matter how the international situation changes, the friendly relations between North Korea and China will remain unchanged. As comrades and friends, North Korea celebrates China’s achievements as if they were its own.” 社会主义共同理想是强大动力。中朝同为共产党领导的社会主义国家，有着共同的理想信念和奋斗目标。中国正以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业，朝鲜社会主义建设不断取得新成就。习近平总书记强调，中朝是命运与共、守望相助的好邻居、好朋友、好同志。中方将一如既往支持朝鲜走符合本国国情的发展道路。金正恩总书记表示，无论国际形势如何变化，朝中之间的友好感情不会改变。作为同志和朋友，对中国取得的成就，朝鲜像自己的事情一样感到高兴.
“Practical cooperation is a key guarantee.” But in this, the ambassador does not mention anything materially significant.
Page 6: There’s a report on the Taiwan Affairs Office’s remarks following the exchange between Xi Jinping and Cheng Li-wun after her election as chairperson of the KMT.
Zhu Fenglian stated that we will thoroughly implement the spirit of the congratulatory message, and on the common political foundation of upholding the ‘1992 Consensus’ and opposing ‘Taiwan independence’, strengthen communication, contact, exchanges, and interactions with all political parties, groups, and representative figures in Taiwan, including the Chinese Kuomintang. We will unite the broad masses of Taiwan compatriots, enhance the ambition, backbone, and confidence of being Chinese, deepen exchanges and cooperation, promote common development, advance national reunification, firmly safeguard the common homeland of the Chinese nation, safeguard the fundamental interests of compatriots on both sides of the Strait, and join hands to create an even brighter future for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 朱凤莲表示，我们将深入贯彻贺电精神，在坚持“九二共识”、反对“台独”的共同政治基础上，加强与包括中国国民党在内的台湾各党派、团体和代表性人士的沟通联系、交流交往，团结广大台湾同胞，增强做中国人的志气、骨气、底气，深化交流合作，促进共同发展，推进国家统一，坚定守护中华民族共同家园，守护两岸同胞根本利益，携手开创中华民族伟大复兴更加美好的未来.
In response to remarks by Taiwan’s Straits Exchange Foundation (SEF) Chairman Wu Fengshan about ‘restarting the dialogue mechanism between the two associations’, Zhu Fenglian pointed out that the ‘1992 Consensus’ is the common political foundation for the development of cross-Strait relations and the stabilising anchor for peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait. It is the precondition for authorised consultations between the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Strait and Taiwan’s SEF. Since May 2016, due to the Democratic Progressive Party authorities’ refusal to recognise the ‘1992 Consensus’, the dialogue and communication mechanism between Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Strait and SEF has been in a state of suspension. If the DPP authorities wish to restart the dialogue and communication mechanism between the two associations, they must recognize the ‘1992 Consensus’. 对于台湾海基会董事长吴丰山“重启两会对话机制”的说辞，朱凤莲回应指出，“九二共识”是两岸关系发展的共同政治基础和台海和平稳定的定海神针，是海协会与台湾海基会受权协商的前提。2016年5月以来，由于民进党当局拒不承认“九二共识”，海协会与台湾海基会对话沟通机制处于停摆状态。民进党当局想要重启两会对话沟通机制，就必须承认“九二共识”.
“The mainland side earlier announced that a conference commemorating the 80th anniversary of Taiwan’s recovery will be held on October 25. In response to this, Zhu Fenglian said that this year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, and also the 80th anniversary of Taiwan’s recovery. The recovery of Taiwan was an important outcome of the victory of the War of Resistance, a great victory forged through the unremitting and bloodstained struggle of the entire Chinese people, including Taiwan compatriots, and it is worthy of joint commemoration by compatriots on both sides of the Strait. She pointed out that holding the conference commemorating the 80th anniversary of Taiwan’s recovery aims to unite Chinese sons and daughters at home and abroad, including compatriots on both sides of the Strait, to jointly remember the history of the War of Resistance, pay tribute to the anti-Japanese martyrs, defend the victorious achievements of Taiwan’s recovery and return to the motherland, safeguard the common homeland of the Chinese nation, and together create a bright future of national reunification and national rejuvenation. Representatives from all walks of life, including Taiwan compatriots, will be invited to attend the commemorative conference, and exchange and visit activities will be organised before and after the event.” 大陆方面此前宣布，纪念台湾光复80周年大会将于10月25日前后举行。朱凤莲就此应询表示，今年是中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年，也是台湾光复80周年。台湾光复是抗战胜利的重要成果，是包括台湾同胞在内的全体中国人民前赴后继、浴血奋战铸就的伟大胜利，值得两岸同胞共同纪念。她指出，举行纪念台湾光复80周年大会，是为了团结包括两岸同胞在内的海内外中华儿女，共同铭记抗战历史，缅怀抗日先烈，捍卫台湾光复回归祖国的胜利成果，守护中华民族共同家园，共创祖国统一和民族复兴的美好未来。纪念大会将邀请包括台湾同胞在内的各界代表人士出席，大会前后还将组织参访交流活动.
Another report on the page informs that a seminar commemorating the 80th anniversary of Taiwan’s recovery, titled ‘Correcting Historical Perspectives and Looking to the Future’, was held in Taipei on Wednesday. More than 100 people from all walks of life in Taiwan attended the seminar, and they unanimously called for establishing a correct historical perspective and contributing to peace and prosperity across the Taiwan Strait.
This is an interesting report, with KMT folks and Wu Cherng-dean, who is the chairman of the New Party, attacking the DPP for its historical narrative.
We have “KMT’s former deputy secretary-general, Zhang Ronggong saying that on October 25, 1945, the Japanese representative signed and sealed the instrument of surrender, which clearly indicated that Taiwan’s recovery meant its return to the embrace of the motherland. Therefore, the claim that ‘there is no Taiwan Recovery Day’ is untenable. Both sides of the Strait belong to the Chinese nation, the descendants of Yan and Huang; this shared identity is an important prerequisite for ensuring peace and prosperity across the Strait.” 中国国民党前副秘书长张荣恭表示，当天，日本代表在降书上签名盖章，这明确表明台湾光复重回祖国怀抱，所以“台湾没有光复节”的说法是站不住脚的。两岸同为中华民族、炎黄子孙，这一认同是确保两岸和平繁荣的重要前提.