Major New Reforms on Market-based Allocation of Factors of Production - NDRC's AI+ Action Plan Agenda
Hi folks, I am only covering two really important bits from today’s paper. These are quite substantive. There’s another article on the 七大生命力 seven great vitalities or seven vital forces of Marxism, which I probably will go through over the weekend and breakdown later.
Cheers,
Manoj
On the front page today, there’s a report on the State Council approving 10 projects for piloting comprehensive reforms on market-based allocation of production factors. Xinhua reports:
“The initiative, which is effective immediately and will last for two years, comes amid the country’s broader efforts to foster new quality productive forces, advance the building of a unified national market, and develop a high-standard socialist market economy. The reforms are set to be carried out in major cities such as Zhengzhou, Chongqing and Chengdu as well as in designated areas of Beijing and several provinces, including Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Hunan, and Guangdong. In these pilot regions, efforts will be made to remove institutional barriers hindering the free flow and efficient allocation of production factors, and to ensure that economic entities under all forms of ownership have equal access to production factors, fair participation in market competition, and equal legal protection.”
Let’s look at the actual document to see what it says:
First, the 10 areas identified are:
Beijing city sub-center
key cities in Jiangsu
Hangzhou–Ningbo–Wenzhou
Hefei Metropolitan Area
Fuzhou–Xiamen–Quanzhou
Zhengzhou
Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan
9 mainland cities of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area
Chongqing
Chengdu
一、同意自即日起2年内开展北京城市副中心、苏南重点城市、杭甬温、合肥都市圈、福厦泉、郑州市、长株潭、粤港澳大湾区内地九市、重庆市、成都市等10个要素市场化配置综合改革试点，原则同意有关实施方案，请认真组织实施.
“The implementation plans must be guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress and the Second and Third Plenary Sessions of the 20th Central Committee, fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the new development concept, take the comprehensive reform pilots as traction, deeply advance reform of factor market-oriented allocation, improve factor market systems and rules, focus on breaking through institutional and mechanism barriers that hinder the free flow and efficient allocation of factors of production; they must ensure that all types of economic ownership have equal access to production factors, fair participation in market competition, and equal legal protection in accordance with the law; they must promote the gradual improvement of factor quality, the smooth flow of production factors, efficient allocation of various resources, and full release of market potential, so as to provide strong support for promoting the development of new-quality productive forces, advancing in depth the construction of a unified national market, and building a high-level socialist market economy system.” 二、方案实施要坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，深入贯彻党的二十大和二十届二中、三中全会精神，完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念，以综合改革试点为牵引，深入推进要素市场化配置改革，完善要素市场制度和规则，着力破除阻碍要素自由流动和高效配置的体制机制障碍，保证各种所有制经济依法平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争、同等受到法律保护，推动要素质量逐步提高、生产要素畅通流动、各类资源高效配置、市场潜力充分释放，为促进新质生产力发展、纵深推进全国统一大市场建设、构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制提供坚强支撑.
The NDRC is tasked with leading this effort to coordinate with different local governments.
The link above also has the 10 individual implementation plans. All of these plans have a series of actions outlined under 7 common headers. I am not going to be able to cover all 10 plans. But let me do the Beijing plan to give you a flavour of the policy changes that are being talked about. In general, in some areas, such as technology, land and capital, these sound significant. In others, such as human resources, I am not certain whether these are ambitious or substantive enough. What one must appreciate, however, is the emphasis on supporting R&D and the forward-looking approach when it comes to technology application scenarios, specific future-oriented sectors and data use.
The first plan in the list covers the entire Tongzhou District of Beijing. It contains 15 points under 7 headers.
Technological factors: This has two interesting points:
“Accelerate the advancement of the Beijing International Science and Technology Innovation Center construction, implement and refine Beijing Municipality's Regulations on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements and Beijing Municipality’s ‘30 Measures for Science and Innovation’, optimise science and technology policy supply, promote institutional and mechanism reforms in the science and technology field, and resolutely sweep away institutional obstacles that restrict innovation. Study and explore the establishment of a research and development reserve system for state-owned enterprises, exempt state-owned capital used for R&D investment from value-added and preservation assessments, and improve fault tolerance and exemption mechanisms. Accelerate the advancement of the application of internationally advanced technologies, pilot and explore the transformation path of technology factors into the industrial system. Support industry-leading enterprises, through means such as customized product R&D, to provide early application scenarios and suitable environments for key core technologies.”（一）打通科技成果转化链条。加快推进北京国际科技创新中心建设，落实落细北京市促进科技成果转化条例、北京市“科创30条”，优化科技政策供给，推动科技领域体制机制改革，坚决扫除制约创新的体制障碍。研究探索建立国有企业研发准备金制度，对用于研发投入的国有资本免于增值保值考核，完善容错免责机制。加快推进国际先进技术应用，试点探索技术要素向产业体系转化路径。支持行业领军企业通过产品定制化研发等方式，为关键核心技术提供早期应用场景和适用环境.
Explore and promote the capitalization of technology and the coordinated development of the technology and capital markets. Support financial institutions in adopting financing methods, such as intellectual property pledges and accounts receivable pledges to provide more financial products and services to promote technology transfer and transformation. Encourage insurance companies to engage in technology insurance business and develop products such as intellectual property insurance and product development liability insurance in compliance with laws and regulations. Explore intellectual property financing and promote the reasonable growth of intellectual property pledge financing. Improve the regulatory system and development policies for venture capital. Support qualified high-quality technology companies in going public or raising funds through public offerings. Support the development of international technology transfer platforms, attract a number of world-class technology transfer institutions, and introduce a group of professional technology transfer managers. （二）推进技术与资本要素融合。探索推进技术资本化，推动技术市场和资本市场联动发展。支持金融机构采用知识产权质押、应收账款质押等融资方式，为促进技术转移转化提供更多金融产品服务。鼓励保险公司开展科技保险业务，依法合规开发知识产权保险、产品研发责任保险等产品。探索知识产权融资，推动知识产权质押融资规模合理增长。完善创业投资监管体制和发展政策。支持符合条件的优质科技型企业上市或挂牌融资。支持建设国际化技术转移平台，吸引一批国际一流的技术转移机构落地，引进一批技术转移职业经理人.
Land resources: On this, there are some interesting options provided.
Deepen market-oriented reform of industrial land. Encourage the supply of industrial land through methods such as long-term leasing, lease-first-then-grant, and flexible-term supply. Support reasonable conversion between different industrial land use types, improve policies for land use change, integration, and exchange, innovate usage methods such as composite utilization, encourage mixed arrangement of industrial, warehousing, R&D, office, commercial and other land uses with shared spatial facilities, and strengthen mixed functions of public service facilities and municipal infrastructure. Explore increasing mixed industrial land supply, implement comprehensive land management with mixed land use nature and compatible main functions, and advance mixed land use for primary, secondary, and tertiary industries. Implement ‘standard land’ transfer for industrial land. Explore conducting pilot programs for renewal of commercial and industrial land use rights. 深化产业用地市场化改革。鼓励采用长期租赁、先租后让、弹性年期供应等方式供应产业用地。支持不同产业用地类型合理转换，完善土地用途变更、整合、置换等政策，创新复合利用等使用方式，鼓励工业、仓储、研发、办公、商业等用地混合布置、空间设施共享，强化公共服务设施和市政基础设施功能混合。探索增加混合产业用地供给，推行用地性质混合、主体功能兼容的综合用地管理，推进一二三产业混合用地。推行产业用地“标准地”出让。探索开展工商业用地使用权续期试点.
Revitalize existing land and inefficient construction land. In conjunction with urban renewal, promote the market-based revitalization of inefficient construction land and idle farmland, and explore solutions to issues related to planning adjustments, land supply, and revenue distribution. Explore ways to refine and improve recognition standards for inefficient land use through detailed evaluation of construction land conservation and intensive utilization status, adopt measures such as lawful negotiated recovery, agreement-based exchange, and fee rewards and penalties to promote withdrawal from inefficient urban land use. Explore market-oriented advancement of existing land development and construction. Support municipal state-owned enterprises in promoting revitalization and utilization of existing land through construction land consolidation and various other methods. Optimize information release work, accelerate construction of a secondary land market with clear property rights, market pricing, information aggregation, transaction security, and effective supervision. 盘活存量土地和低效建设用地。结合城市更新，推动以市场化方式盘活低效建设用地和闲置耕地，探索解决规划调整、土地供应、收益分配等方面问题。探索通过建设用地节约集约利用状况详细评价等方式，细化完善低效用地认定标准，采取依法协商收回、协议置换、费用奖惩等措施，推动城镇低效用地腾退。探索市场化推进存量土地开发建设。支持市属国有企业以建设用地整理等多种方式推进存量土地盘活利用。优化信息发布工作，加快构建产权明晰、市场定价、信息集聚、交易安全、监管有效的土地二级市场.
Improve a unified urban and rural construction land market. Under the premise of resolutely defending the three bottom lines of not changing the public ownership nature of land, not breaking through the farmland red line, and not harming farmers’ interests, explore effective paths for revitalizing and utilizing idle rural housing through rental, equity investments, cooperation and other methods, and improve policies for revitalizing and utilizing idle rural housing. Explore specific methods for farmers who move to cities to voluntarily withdraw from homestead land with compensation according to law. According to national unified deployment, advance reform of rural collective commercial construction land entering the market in an orderly manner, explore support for agricultural collectives to bring existing rural collective commercial construction land that conforms to national land-space planning into the market after lawfully and properly handling interest relationships of relevant rights holders of already-used collective land and reaching consensus to recover construction land use rights, on the premise of voluntary agreement by both parties. 健全城乡统一的建设用地市场。在坚决守住土地公有制性质不改变、耕地红线不突破、农民利益不受损三条底线的前提下，探索通过出租、入股、合作等方式盘活利用闲置农房的有效路径，完善闲置农房盘活利用政策。探索进城落户农民依法自愿有偿退出宅基地的具体办法。按照国家统一部署，有序推进农村集体经营性建设用地入市改革，探索支持在双方自愿的前提下，农民集体在依法妥善处理已使用集体土地相关权利人的利益关系、达成一致收回建设用地使用权后，将符合国土空间规划的存量农村集体经营性建设用地入市.
Human resources: In this, the interesting bits are:
First, signalling opening to overseas professionals by expanding “recognition of overseas professional qualifications”. “Support public institutions in recruiting urgently needed high-level professional talent through special positions. Explore the establishment of international professional service consortia in fields such as architectural design, support the provision of professional services through consortiums, and strengthen international cooperation among professional service institutions.”
Second, “explore facilitation of cross-border payments and receipts, and support pilot banks in the Beijing city sub-center to provide facilitation services to qualified, high-quality, and trustworthy professional service institutions in areas such as cross-border trade RMB settlement and the legal and compliant use of RMB capital account income within the country…” 探索跨境收支便利化，支持北京城市副中心试点银行在审慎展业、落实“了解客户、了解业务、尽职审查”原则基础上，在跨境贸易人民币结算以及资本项目人民币收入境内依法合规使用等方面，为符合条件的优质诚信专业服务业机构提供便利化服务.
Rules for the circulation of data elements:
In this, the document talks about improving the openness and sharing of public data. In particular, it calls to “promote public access to high-value datasets in areas such as enterprise registration and supervision, health and wellness, and meteorology.” In addition, the document calls to data development and application scenarios. Under this, the call is to:
Expand “utilization scenarios in agriculture, industry, transportation, education, security, urban management, and public resource trading. Formulate guidance for standard contracts in data trading, issue negative lists and prudent lists for data trading…advance a batch of industry scenario applications focusing on industrial internet, 5G communications, autonomous driving, intelligent city sensing, and ultra-high-definition video applications. Support central enterprises in Beijing in fields such as energy, electric power, communications, high-speed rail, aviation, and construction to launch a batch of application scenarios with strong leading and driving effects, promote enterprises in fields such as industrial internet, intelligent equipment manufacturing, and fieldbus control to participate in application scenario construction. Explore conducting statistical accounting of data production factors and data asset evaluation, select enterprises with good data foundations in fields such as internet, communications, and energy to incorporate data assets into asset management systems. Support digital asset trading and evaluation institutions to conduct related business in Beijing city sub-center. Continue to accelerate market-oriented advancement of typical application scenarios, strengthen institutional guarantees in aspects such as market access policies, implementation procedures, and security management.” 拓展数据开发应用场景。培育数字经济新产业、新业态、新模式，支持构建农业、工业、交通运输、教育、安防、城市管理、公共资源交易等领域规范化数据开发利用场景。制定数据交易标准合同指引，出台数据交易负面清单和谨慎清单。实施应用场景“十百千工程”，推进一批以工业互联网、第五代移动通信（5G）、自动驾驶、智能城市感知、超高清视频应用等为重点的行业场景应用。支持能源、电力、通信、高铁、航空、建筑等领域在京央企推出一批具有较强引领带动作用的应用场景，推动工业互联网、智能装备制造、现场总线控制等领域企业参与应用场景建设。探索开展数据生产要素统计核算和数据资产评估，在互联网、通信、能源等领域遴选数据基础较好的企业，将数据资产纳入资产管理体系。支持数字资产交易与评估机构在北京城市副中心开展相关业务。持续加快典型应用场景的市场化推进，强化准入政策、实施程序、安全管理等方面制度保障.
On the data protection and security aspect, the document calls to “study and explore practical paths for data export compliance supervision and explore regulatory measures for cross-border data flows. Explore the establishment of a Beijing government data classification and grading guide and a catalog of important data. Explore the establishment of a data security use commitment system, utilize a ‘regulatory sandbox’, and explore the establishment of a new economic regulatory framework.” 研究探索数据出境合规监管实践路径，探索数据跨境流动监管措施。探索建立北京市政务数据分类分级指南及重要数据目录。探索建立数据安全使用承诺制度，运用“监管沙盒”，探索建立新经济监管制度框架。
Enhance the ability of capital factors to serve the real economy
Under this, the document says: “Support the integration of public information such as business entity registration, taxation, and statistics with financial information, to form an inclusive finance database, dock with the national industry–finance cooperation platform, and develop full-scenario digital inclusive finance. Explore the establishment of merger-and-acquisition funds, and through supporting local policies, promote the synergistic efficiency of direct financing and indirect financing, to match the full-cycle financing needs of industrial and technological innovation. Support financial institutions, on the premise of controllable risk, in cooperating with external investment institutions, to explore new business models such as ‘loan + external direct investment’, and promote the advancement of financial services earlier in the life cycle of technology companies. Support the lawful and rapid write-off of bad debts of small and medium-sized enterprises. 支持整合经营主体登记、税务、统计等公共信息与金融信息，形成普惠金融数据库，对接国家产融合作平台，发展全场景数字普惠金融。探索建立并购基金，通过地方政策配套，促进直接融资和间接融资协同增效，适配产业科技创新全周期融资需求。支持金融机构在风险可控前提下与外部投资机构合作，探索“贷款+外部直投”等业务新模式，推动在科技企业生命周期中前移金融服务。支持中小企业坏账依法快速核销.
“Accelerate the development of a global wealth management center and support the high-quality development of financial standard certification institutions, international financial institutions, and private financial institutions. Encourage qualified Chinese banks, asset management institutions, and foreign banks to provide cross-border financial services, and promote the facilitation of cross-border RMB and foreign exchange business in key industries. Support high-quality and compliant bank wealth management subsidiaries, insurance asset management companies, fund companies, and professional investment institutions to conduct related business in the Beijing city sub-center.” 加快全球财富管理中心建设，支持金融标准认定机构及国际金融机构、民营金融机构高质量发展。鼓励符合条件的中资银行、资产管理机构和外资银行开展跨境金融服务，推动重点行业跨境人民币业务和跨境外汇业务便利化。支持优质合规的银行理财子公司、保险资产管理公司、基金公司、专业投资机构等在北京城市副中心开展相关业务.
Strengthen the development of resource and environmental market institutions
Comprehensively improve the efficiency of coordinated allocation of factors. Under this, the document says:
“Focus on new business models and new sectors such as life sciences and health, AI, autonomous and trusted computing, and information security, promote the innovative allocation of production factors, and encourage the convergence of various advanced production factors towards the development of new-quality productive forces. Improve the mechanism for factor pricing, which is primarily determined by market supply and demand, and prevent improper government intervention in price formation. Improve the mechanism for evaluating the contribution of production factors such as labor, capital, land, knowledge, technology, management, and data, and determining remuneration based on contribution. Better leverage the role of market mechanisms, create a fairer and more dynamic market environment, and optimize resource allocation efficiency and maximize benefits. Deepen reforms in the service industry, focusing on elderly care, study and promote the implementation of commercial medical supplemental insurance policies, and strengthen comprehensive factor allocation guarantees.” 强化新业态新领域和服务业要素保障。聚焦生命健康、人工智能、自主可信计算、信息安全等新业态新领域，推动生产要素创新性配置，促进各类先进生产要素向发展新质生产力集聚。完善主要由市场供求关系决定要素价格机制，防止政府对价格形成的不当干预。健全劳动、资本、土地、知识、技术、管理、数据等生产要素由市场评价贡献、按贡献决定报酬的机制。更好发挥市场机制作用，创造更加公平、更有活力的市场环境，实现资源配置效率最优化和效益最大化。以养老为重点深化服务业领域改革，研究推动商业医疗补充保险政策落地，加强要素综合配置保障。
On Page 10, there’s an article by the NDRC on the ‘AI +” action plan. This is in the context of the new Opinions on Deepening the Implementation of the ‘AI +’ Action Plan released by the State Council. The NDRC’s piece begins with a section outlining why the AI+ action plan matters for broad policy and political goals.
“Implementing the ‘AI+’ initiative in depth and promoting the deep integration of AI with the economy and society is not only an urgent task but also a strategic proposition for long-term development. Deeply implementing the ‘AI+ initiative is a strategic choice for seizing the opportunities presented by the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation.” 深入实施“人工智能+”行动，推动人工智能与经济社会深度融合，既是我们当前面临的紧迫任务，更是关乎长远发展的战略命题。深入实施“人工智能+”行动，是抢抓新一轮科技革命和产业变革机遇的战略选择. The authors classify AI as an “epoch-making transformative technology following the steam engine, electricity, and the internet…” It argues that this action plan showcases the “CPC Central Committee and the State Council’s profound insight and forward-looking vision for global scientific and technological development and is a key tool for seizing the initiative in global scientific and technological competition.” 人工智能作为继蒸汽机、电力、互联网之后的又一划时代的变革性技术，正以前所未有的速度、广度和深度，驱动经济社会发展加快迈向智能化新阶段。实施“人工智能+”行动，体现了党中央、国务院对世界科技发展大势的深刻洞见和前瞻擘画，是赢得全球科技竞争主动权的重要抓手.
The authors argue that implementing the AI+ initiative is “an inherent requirement for cultivating and developing new productive forces.” “AI has a ‘leading goose’ effect with very strong spillover and driving characteristics. Through innovative allocation of factors such as capital, labour, technology, and data, it significantly enhances total factor productivity and promotes revolutionary leaps in productive forces. Implementing the AI+ action and actively promoting deep integration of AI and the real economy helps drive industries toward the high end of value chains, promote the transformation of growth methods from factor-driven to innovation-driven and continuously generate new technologies, new business formats, and new models, forming the core engine for the development of new quality productive forces.” 人工智能具有溢出带动性很强的“头雁”效应，通过对资本、劳动、技术、数据等要素创新性配置，显著提升全要素生产率，促进生产力革命性跃升。实施“人工智能+”行动，积极推动人工智能和实体经济深度融合，有助于推动产业向价值链高端迈进，促进增长方式从要素驱动转向创新驱动，不断催生新技术、新业态、新模式，形成新质生产力发展的核心引擎.
The authors argue that the AI+ plan is “an important way to meet people's needs for a better life.” And they claim that this plan “is a proactive measure to assist global equal participation in the process of intelligentization development.”
Currently, AI development faces challenges such as fragmentation and bloc-based divisions in global governance mechanisms, and the gap in intelligent development among countries continues to widen, urgently requiring improvement of the global governance system and working together for win-win development. China’s deep implementation of the AI+ action, creating an AI ecosystem with world influence, deepening high-level opening in the AI field, and promoting AI technology to be open-source and accessible, helps promote the formation of a global governance framework and standard norms with broad consensus, and assists countries in equal participation in the global intelligent development process.” 深入实施“人工智能+”行动，是助力全球平等参与智能化发展进程的积极举措。习近平总书记强调：“人工智能可以是造福人类的国际公共产品。”当前，人工智能发展面临全球治理机制碎片化、阵营化等挑战，各国智能化发展差距不断加大，亟需完善全球治理体系，携手共赢发展。我国深入实施“人工智能+”行动，打造具有世界影响力的人工智能生态，深化人工智能领域高水平开放，推动人工智能技术开源可及，有助于推动形成具有广泛共识的全球治理框架和标准规范，助力各国平等参与全球智能化发展进程.
In the second section, the authors make the case for why China is well-positioned to take advantage of this AI development.
First, China has abundant data resources: “Leveraging its networked and digital infrastructure, China has accumulated a vast, diverse, and dynamic data resource. By 2024, China’s total data production will reach 41.06 zettabytes (ZB), accounting for 26.67% of the global total. The amount of data used for AI development, training, and inference will increase by 40.95% year-on-year. 我国依托网络化、数字化建设基础，积累起规模超大、类型丰富、动态鲜活的数据资源。2024年，全国数据生产总量达41.06泽字节（ZB），占全球数据总量的26.67%，用于人工智能开发、训练和推理的数据量同比增长40.95%.
Second, China has a comprehensive industrial system, which provides strong material and technological support. China is the “world’s only country that possesses all industrial categories under the UN’s industrial classification, has an industrial system of 41 major categories, 207 medium categories, and 666 small categories, with the output of more than 200 major industrial products ranking first in the world. This industrial ecology, with a complete chain, comprehensive supporting facilities, and complete elements, provides full-chain support for AI technology from R&D and verification to product design and manufacturing and delivery, which will greatly promote the rapid transformation of technological innovation into products and services, forming a unique advantage in driving artificial intelligence to achieve large-scale landing applications.” 完备的产业体系提供了强大物质技术保障。我国作为全球唯一拥有联合国产业分类中全部工业门类的国家，具备41个大类、207个中类、666个小类的工业体系，200多种主要工业品产量全球第一。这一链条完整、配套齐全、要素完备的产业生态，为人工智能技术从研发验证、产品设计到制造交付提供了全链条支撑，将极大促进技术创新迅速转化为产品与服务，形成推动人工智能实现规模化落地应用的独特优势.
Third, China has a rich array of application scenarios, which provides broad development potential. It argues that China has “a comprehensive and diverse application ecosystem, covering key areas such as smart manufacturing, smart healthcare, digital finance, smart transportation, and smart education. This provides an excellent testing ground for honing advanced AI capabilities, particularly complex reasoning, dynamic decision-making, and adaptive learning. Currently, China has released over 1,500 industry models, covering 50 key industries and over 700 scenarios.” 丰富的应用场景提供了广阔的发展空间。人工智能的生命力在于应用，真实场景中复杂的约束条件、多样化需求等，持续驱动人工智能技术演进和性能提升。我国具备类别齐全、层次多样的应用生态，覆盖智能制造、智慧医疗、数字金融、智能交通、智慧教育等关键领域，为人工智能尤其是复杂推理、动态决策和自适应学习等高级能力的锤炼提供了最佳“试验场”。目前，我国已发布超1500个行业模型，覆盖50个重点行业领域、700余个场景.’
Fourth, China has a massive market, along with “continuously increasing consumer spending power” and “robust corporate innovation.”
Finally, China has a strong talent pool. “China has already built the world’s largest and high-quality education system. The total amount of talent resources, the total amount of scientific and technological human resources, and the total number of R&D personnel all rank first in the world. Software developers number nearly 10 million; in multi-disciplinary fields such as mathematics, computer science, and engineering, a strong talent foundation has been accumulated, providing strong talent assurance and intellectual support for the continuous innovation and large-scale application of AI.” 我国已建成世界规模最大且有质量的教育体系，人才资源总量、科技人力资源总量、研发人员总量均居世界第一，软件开发者近千万人，在数学、计算机、工程等多学科领域积累了雄厚人才基础，为人工智能持续创新和规模化应用提供了强大人才保障和智力支持.
In the final section, the NDRC’s authors argue that deeply implementing AI+ action is a “long-term, complex, and systematic undertaking.”
First, the authors call to “accelerate the progress of major scientific discoveries from ‘0 to 1’ and the implementation and iterative breakthroughs of technologies from ‘1 to N’. Deeply promote the intelligent development of all industrial factors, accelerate the intelligent transformation and upgrading of industry, agriculture, and the service industry, develop intelligent native technologies, products, and service systems, and give rise to new intelligent native business models. Strengthen the construction of intelligent consumer infrastructure, promote the ‘intelligent connection of all things’ of smart terminals, and bring AI into every household and every store. 构建创新活跃的智能经济。加快推动人工智能驱动的新型科研范式变革，加速“从0到1”重大科学发现进程、“从1到N”技术落地和迭代突破。深入推动产业全要素智能化发展，加快工业、农业、服务业智能化转型升级，发展智能原生技术、产品和服务体系，催生智能原生新业态。加强智能消费基础设施建设，推动智能终端“万物智联”，让人工智能走进“千家万户”“千商万店”。
Second, “build a compassionate and intelligent society.” “Prioritize lowering the barriers to AI application in areas of livelihood, such as employment, health, elderly care, education, and culture…Promote the orderly application of AI in social governance, security governance, and ecological governance, and establish an efficient and diverse governance framework. Make AI a global public good for the benefit of humanity, promote AI that is inclusive and universally beneficial and shared by all, and help all countries participate equally in the intelligentization process.” 打造更有温度的智能社会。优先在就业、健康、养老、教育、文化等民生领域降低人工智能技术应用门槛，加快健康助手、智能学伴等人工智能产品与服务的普惠化应用。有序推进人工智能在社会治理、安全治理、生态治理等中的应用，形成高效多元的治理格局。把人工智能作为造福人类的国际公共产品，推动人工智能普惠共享，助力各国平等参与智能化进程。
Third, strengthen factor support for the development of AI. This touches upon data and AI talent. Particularly, it talks about supporting “original innovation and open-source ecosystem cultivation”.
Fourth, support the innovative development environment for AI applications. “Strengthen the demonstration and leading role of government departments and state-owned enterprises, improve the management system of application trial-and-error and fault-tolerance, and promote the orderly opening of key important scenarios. Increase financial and fiscal support in the field of artificial intelligence, improve mechanisms for risk-sharing and investment exit, and further stimulate the vitality of the artificial intelligence investment and financing market. Plan and construct a number of national pilot bases for artificial intelligence application intermediate testing, build industry application common platforms, lower the threshold for application innovation, and promote the efficient transformation of innovative achievements. Promote the integrated development of large, medium, and small enterprises, accelerate the coordinated development of the upstream and downstream of the artificial intelligence industry chain, and construct an artificial intelligence industry ecosystem of resource sharing, complementary capabilities, and benign interaction.” 完善人工智能应用的创新发展环境。强化政府部门和国有企业示范引领作用，完善应用试错容错管理制度，推动关键重点场景有序开放。加大人工智能领域金融和财政支持力度，完善风险分担和投资退出机制，进一步激发人工智能投融资市场活力。布局建设一批国家人工智能应用中试基地，搭建行业应用共性平台，降低应用创新门槛，促进创新成果高效转化。推动大中小企业融通发展，加快人工智能产业链上下游协同发展，构建资源共享、能力互补、良性互动的人工智能产业生态.
Finally, consolidate the security defense line for AI applications. “Vigorously support the carrying out of AI skills training, stimulate the vitality of AI innovation, entrepreneurship, and reemployment, guide innovation resources to tilt toward directions with large employment-creation potential, strengthen the assessment of employment risks of AI applications, and reduce the impact on employment. Promote the building of security capabilities in model algorithms, data resources, infrastructure, and application systems; establish and improve AI technology monitoring, risk early-warning, and emergency response systems, accelerate the formation of a dynamic, agile, and multi-party collaborative AI governance pattern, and promote AI applications that are compliant, transparent, and trustworthy.” 筑牢人工智能应用的安全防线。大力支持开展人工智能技能培训，激发人工智能创新创业和再就业活力，引导创新资源向创造就业潜力大的方向倾斜，加强人工智能应用就业风险评估，减少对就业的冲击。推动模型算法、数据资源、基础设施、应用系统等安全能力建设，建立健全人工智能技术监测、风险预警、应急响应体系，加快形成动态敏捷、多元协同的人工智能治理格局，推动人工智能应用合规、透明、可信赖.