Miao Wei Outlines China's Vision for AI Development & Governance
Also in this edition: Wang Yi's calls with Pakistani & Qatari FMs & PLA's 2026 Priorities & Taiwan Warning
Here are the key reports and articles from the People’s Daily’s edition on Wednesday, March 11, 2026.
On the front page today, there’s a report about the funeral of Song Ping. The entire top leadership, including Xi Jinping, Li Qiang, Zhao Leji, Wang Huning, Cai Qi, Ding Xuexiang, Li Xi, Han Zheng and others went to the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery for the funeral. Hu Jintao sent a wreath to express his condolences.
All of Page 4 is dedicated to Song Ping’s obituary.
Anyway, on Page 3, there are two reports of Wang Yi’s calls with the foreign ministers of Pakistan and Qatar. The readout of Wang’s call with Pakistan’s Muhammad Ishaq Dar says:
Dar briefed Wang on Pakistan’s position on the current situation in Iran, calling on all parties to exercise restraint and resolve the current crisis through peaceful negotiations. Pakistan appreciated China’s efforts to de-escalate the situation and expressed its willingness to strengthen coordination and cooperation with China on platforms such as the UN to jointly seek effective ways to achieve peace. 达尔介绍巴方对当前伊朗局势的立场，呼吁各方保持克制，通过和平谈判解决当前危机。巴方赞赏中方为推动局势降温所作努力，愿同中方加强在联合国等平台协调配合，共同寻求实现和平的有效途径.
Wang Yi said that China and Pakistan, as all-weather strategic cooperative partners, have a good tradition of communication and coordination on major international and regional issues. Both sides expressed their firm positions on the situation in Iran at the first opportunity, demonstrating a responsible attitude and adherence to the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. The origins of this war lack legitimacy and legality, and its continuation will only cause more unnecessary casualties. The fundamental way to prevent the situation from deteriorating is for the US and Israel to cease military operations. At the same time, we do not endorse attacks on Gulf countries and condemn all attacks on civilian facilities and innocent civilians. China appreciates Pakistan’s mediation efforts to ease regional tensions and is willing to maintain multilateral and bilateral coordination and cooperation with Pakistan, supporting Pakistan’s continued constructive role and jointly promoting the early restoration of peace and stability in the region. 王毅表示，中巴作为全天候战略合作伙伴，有着就重大国际和地区问题沟通协调的良好传统。双方都第一时间就伊朗局势表明坚定立场，体现了负责任态度和对《联合国宪章》宗旨原则的遵循。这场战争的源起缺乏正当性与合法性，持续下去只会造成更多无谓伤亡。避免局势恶化的根本在于美以停止军事行动，同时我们也不认同对海湾国家的攻击，谴责一切袭击民用设施和无辜平民的行为。中方赞赏巴方为推动地区局势缓和所作斡旋努力，愿同巴方保持多双边协调合作，支持巴方继续发挥建设性作用，共同推动地区尽早恢复和平稳定.
The two sides also exchanged views on the border conflict between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Wang Yi said that China’s Special Envoy for Afghan Affairs is currently shuttling between Afghanistan and Pakistan to promote peace talks. The urgent task is to prevent the escalation of the conflict and return to the negotiating table as soon as possible. China firmly supports Pakistan’s fight against terrorism and hopes that Pakistan will continue to do its utmost to ensure the safety of Chinese personnel, projects, and institutions in Pakistan. Dar thanked China for its mediation efforts and emphasized that Pakistan attaches great importance to and will do its utmost to guarantee the safety of Chinese institutions and personnel.” 双方还就巴基斯坦、阿富汗边境冲突交换意见。王毅表示，中国外交部阿富汗事务特使正在阿、巴间穿梭访问，劝和促谈。当务之急是避免战事扩大，尽早回到谈判桌来。中方坚定支持巴方打恐，希望巴方继续以最大力度确保中国在巴人员、项目和机构安全。达尔感谢中方所作斡旋努力，强调巴方高度重视并将全力保障中方机构和人员安全.
The readout of Wang’s call with Qatar’s FM Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani says:
The Qatari FM “briefed Wang on the regional situation and Qatar’s position, emphasizing that it had no choice but to take necessary self-defense measures while simultaneously intensifying diplomatic efforts to prevent the crisis from escalating. Qatar appreciated China’s impartial stance and mediation efforts and hoped that China would play a greater role in achieving a ceasefire and ending the conflict. 穆罕默德通报了地区局势和卡方立场，强调卡方不得不进行必要自卫，同时加大外交努力，遏制危机蔓延升级。卡方赞赏中方秉持公正立场并开展斡旋，希望中方为停火止战发挥更大作用.
“Wang Yi said that as a permanent member of the UN Security Council, China has always adhered to principles and upheld justice in international affairs. The US and Israel’s military action against Iran without Security Council authorization clearly violates the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and the basic norms of international relations. At the same time, China does not endorse expanding the scope of the attack and condemns indiscriminate attacks on civilians and non-military targets. The sovereignty, security, and territorial integrity of the Gulf Arab states should be respected. Continuing the war would be detrimental in every way, only causing greater losses to all parties. China calls for an immediate ceasefire and an end to the conflict, seeking a political solution, and supports the Gulf states in taking the future and destiny of the region into their own hands. China will continue to play a constructive role in easing tensions and restoring peace in its own way.” 王毅表示，中国作为联合国安理会常任理事国，在国际事务中历来坚持原则，主持公道。美国和以色列未经安理会授权对伊朗动武，明显违背《联合国宪章》宗旨原则和国际关系基本准则。同时，我们也不认同扩大打击范围，谴责无差别攻击平民和非军事目标。海湾阿拉伯国家的主权、安全和领土完整应得到尊重。战争持续下去有百害而无一利，只会使各方遭受更大损失。中方呼吁立即停火止战，寻求政治解决，支持海湾国家把地区的前途命运掌握在自己手中。中方将继续以自己的方式为缓和局势、恢复和平发挥建设性作用.
China’s special envoy to the Middle East Zhai Jun, meanwhile, has visited the UAE, where he met with Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Abdullah briefed Zhai on the current regional situation and the UAE’s position, stating that the UAE is not a party to the war and has consistently been committed to maintaining regional peace and stability, and should not be attacked. The UAE thanked China for upholding a fair stance, highly valued China’s important role, welcomed the Chinese Special Envoy’s mediation efforts in the region, and was willing to work with China to promote a de-escalation of the regional situation. The UAE attaches great importance to and will do its utmost to protect the safety of Chinese personnel and institutions in the UAE.” 阿卜杜拉介绍了当前地区局势和阿方立场，表示阿方不是战争当事方，一贯致力于维护地区和平稳定，不应受到攻击。阿方感谢中方秉持公正立场，高度重视中方重要作用，欢迎中国特使在地区穿梭斡旋，愿同中方共同推动地区局势走向缓和。阿方高度重视并将全力保护好在阿中国人员和机构安全.
Zhai Jun said that China is deeply concerned about the ongoing conflict throughout the Gulf region. China has consistently maintained that the sovereignty, security, and territorial integrity of all countries in the Gulf region should be respected, and any attacks on civilians and non-military targets should be condemned. War and chaos in the region are not in the interest of any party, and achieving a ceasefire is the fundamental way out of the current predicament. Following the outbreak of the conflict, the UAE responded calmly and responsibly, demonstrating restraint. China appreciates this and is willing to strengthen communication and coordination with the UAE, working together with all relevant parties to promote an early ceasefire. China hopes the UAE will continue to do its utmost to ensure the safety of Chinese personnel and institutions in the UAE. 翟隽表示，中方对当前战火在整个海湾地区延烧深表关切。中方一贯认为，海湾地区各国的主权、安全和领土完整都应得到尊重，任何攻击平民和非军事目标的行为都应受到谴责。地区生战生乱不符合任何一方利益，实现停火止战才是走出当前困境的根本出路。冲突爆发后，阿方沉着冷静应对，采取保持克制的负责任态度，中方对此表示赞赏，愿同阿方加强沟通协调，共同做有关各方工作，推动早日实现停火止战。希望阿方继续全力保障在阿中国人员和机构安全.
Finally, the MFA yesterday informed that “over 10,000 Chinese passengers have safely returned to China from countries including the UAE, Oman and Saudi Arabia” since the conflict began.
On Page 6, there’s a report with comments from Zhang Xiaogang, spokesman for the delegation of the PLA and PAP. Zhang offered praise for Xi Jinping’s remarks to the delegation during the Two Sessions. He said:
“The delegates unanimously stated that it is necessary to deeply study and implement the important speech of Chairman Xi, deeply comprehend the decisive significance of the Two Establishments, resolutely achieve the two safeguards, implement the Chairman Responsibility System of the CMC, strengthen political guidance, and persistently use Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era to unite hearts and forge souls, deeply implement Xi Jinping Thought on Strengthening the Army, deeply advance political army building, continuously deepen political rectification and the rectification of work style and anti-corruption, vigorously carry forward the fine traditions of our Party and our army, and firmly safeguard the political character of the people’s army.
They said that it is necessary to comprehensively enhance training and war preparedness, strengthen the practice of letting warfare guide training and conducting training under real combat conditions, firmly and flexibly carry out military struggle, and resolutely safeguard national sovereignty, security, and development interests; concentrate efforts on promoting high-quality development, ensuring the effective formulation and implementation of the 15th FYP for military development, accelerating the integration of system-of-systems combat capabilities, strengthening the construction and application of new-domain and new-quality combat forces, increasing the intensity of military governance, solidly advancing the construction of military talent teams, and improving the overall quality and efficiency of military development.”
张晓刚介绍，代表们一致表示，要深入学习贯彻习主席重要讲话精神，深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，坚决做到“两个维护”，贯彻军委主席负责制，强化政治引领，坚持不懈用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想凝心铸魂，深入贯彻习近平强军思想，深入推进政治建军，持续深化政治整训、正风反腐，大力弘扬我党我军优良传统，坚定捍卫人民军队政治本色；全面加强练兵备战，强化以战领训、实战实训，坚定灵活开展军事斗争，坚决维护国家主权、安全、发展利益；聚力推动高质量发展，抓好军队建设“十五五”规划编制执行，加快体系作战能力集成，加强新域新质作战力量建设运用，加大军事治理工作力度，扎实推进军事人才队伍建设，提升军队建设发展整体质效.
When asked what measures the military will take to promote high-quality modernisation of national defense and the armed forces, Zhang said:
The entire military will deeply implement Xi Jinping Thought on Strengthening the Army, implement the military strategic guideline for the new era, take promoting high-quality development as the theme, and focus on grasping four aspects:
First, strengthen political guidance, continuously deepen political rectification, and ensure the implementation of the new era’s strategy for political army building within the overall planning framework, effectively leveraging the greatest characteristics and advantages of the People’s Liberation Army.
Second, strengthen the effective supply of advanced combat capabilities, uphold the integration of combat operations, force building, and war preparedness; systematically plan and advance the development of all constituent elements of combat capabilities, rigorously control the quality of major projects, and enhance the targeting, initiative, and shaping power of military struggle.
Third, strengthen military governance, improve the leadership and management institutional mechanisms of the PLA, strengthen and improve strategic management, deepen the rectification and governance of key industries and fields, strengthen the supply and supervision of laws and regulations, and improve the military legal system with Chinese characteristics.
Fourth, strengthen the construction of an integrated national strategic system and capabilities, enhance cross-military-civilian governance, cultivate an innovative ecosystem in emerging fields, accelerate the construction of national defense mobilisation capabilities, consolidate unity between the military and the government and between the military and the people, and jointly write a new chapter in the era of loving the people and loving the army.
全军将深入贯彻习近平强军思想，贯彻新时代军事战略方针，以推动高质量发展为主题，突出抓好4个方面：一是强化政治引领，持续深化政治整训，推动新时代政治建军方略在规划全局中落位落实，建强用好人民军队的最大特色、最大优势。二是强化先进战斗力有效供给，坚持战建备统筹，成体系谋划推进战斗力诸要素建设，狠抓重大项目质量管控，增强军事斗争针对性、主动性、塑造力。三是强化军事治理，完善人民军队领导管理体制机制，加强和改进战略管理，深化重点行业和领域整肃治理，加强法规制度供给和执行监督，完善中国特色军事法治体系。四是强化一体化国家战略体系和能力建设，加强跨军地治理，培育新兴领域创新生态，加快国防动员能力建设，巩固军政军民团结，军地共同续写爱我人民爱我军的时代新篇.
On the defense budget, he said that the increase was “reasonable”. The “national general public budget allocates 1.94 trillion yuan for defense expenditures in 2026, an increase of 6.9% over the previous year’s actual expenditure. Of this, central government expenditures are 1.91 trillion yuan, an increase of 7% over the previous year’s actual expenditure.” Zhang said that the money’s use will focus on four areas:
First, in accordance with the new ‘three-step’ strategy for the modernisation of national defense and the armed forces, advance the integrated development of mechanisation, informatization, and intelligentization, and enhance the strategic capability to defend national sovereignty, security, and development interests.
Second, optimise the joint operations system, promote the large-scale, combat-oriented, and systematic development of new-domain and new-quality combat forces, upgrade and transform traditional combat forces, and strengthen the construction of advanced combat capabilities.
Third, accelerate the development of advanced weaponry and equipment and defense science and technology innovation, and expedite the building of modernised logistics.
Fourth, intensify and deepen political rectification and training, solidly advance realistic military training, optimise military human resources policies and institutions, raise the standard of education and talent cultivation in military academies, and build a contingent of high-quality, specialised, new-type military personnel.
一是按照国防和军队现代化新“三步走”战略，推进机械化信息化智能化融合发展，提高捍卫国家主权、安全、发展利益战略能力。二是优化联合作战体系，推进新域新质作战力量规模化、实战化、体系化发展，升级改造传统作战力量，加强先进战斗力建设。三是加紧先进武器装备发展和国防科技创新，加快建设现代化后勤。四是持续深化政治整训，扎实推进实战化军事训练，优化军事人力资源政策制度，提高军队院校办学育人水平，打造高素质专业化新型军事人才方阵.
Finally, on Taiwan, Zhang said:
“reunification is the right path and the general trend, while ‘Taiwan independence’ is a dead end. The DPP authorities’ attempts to ‘seek independence through external forces’ and ‘seek independence through force’ is pushing Taiwan step-by-step towards a dangerous situation of war and conflict, making them the biggest destroyer of the status quo in the Taiwan Strait and the root cause of instability and chaos. What the ordinary people of Taiwan most desire is to live in peace and tranquility, not to be bound to the war chariot of ‘Taiwan independence’ separatist forces and used as cannon fodder. Compatriots on both sides of the Strait should join hands to oppose ‘Taiwan independence’, oppose external interference, jointly create a bright future for the reunification of the motherland, and share the great glory of national rejuvenation.” 张晓刚说，统一是正道大势，“台独”是逆流绝路。民进党当局妄图“倚外谋独”“以武谋独”，把台湾一步步推向兵凶战危的险境，成为台海现状的最大破坏者、台海和平稳定的祸根乱源。台湾老百姓最期盼的是过太平日子、享安宁岁月，而不是被“台独”分裂势力绑上战车当炮灰。两岸同胞应携手反对“台独”，反对外部势力干涉，共创祖国统一的美好未来，共享民族复兴的伟大荣光.
“While China is willing to strive for the prospect of peaceful reunification with the utmost sincerity and effort, it will never renounce the use of force and reserves the option to take all necessary measures. These measures are aimed at a very small number of ‘Taiwan independence’ separatists and their separatist activities, as well as interference from external forces, with the aim of safeguarding national sovereignty and territorial integrity. The PLA will solidly advance military training and preparedness, comprehensively enhance its combat capabilities, resolutely crush any attempts at ‘Taiwan independence’ separatism and external interference, and resolutely safeguard peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait region.” 张晓刚表示，我们愿以最大诚意、尽最大努力争取和平统一的前景，但绝不承诺放弃使用武力，保留采取一切必要措施的选项，针对的是极少数“台独”分裂分子及其分裂活动和外部势力干涉，目的是捍卫国家主权和领土完整。解放军将扎实推进练兵备战，全面提升打赢能力，坚决粉碎“台独”分裂和外部干涉图谋，坚决维护台海地区和平稳定.
Finally, on the theory page today, there’s a long article on AI development and governance by Miao Wei, who is a member of the Standing Committee of the CPPCC National Committee and Vice Chairman of its Committee on Economic Affairs. Miao is also a former Minister of Industry and Information Technology. I am sharing the entire article below, with my highlights.
I found this to be an extremely important read. It very clearly outlines a significant perspective among China’s elite about the evolution of AI. Miao begins by outlining China’s strengths and advantages. He points to China’s focus on open-source approaches, strength in computing hardware, support infrastructure (such as energy/green energy capacity), and education and human resources, along with the guidance of the state. He then essentially makes the case that China must approach AI from the perspective of industrial innovation. In other words, government policy must focus on ensuring that AI investment, research and application strengthen China’s industrial sector. In the final section of the article, Miao talks about risks. I think he is far more sanguine about the employment impact of AI than I would be. I am not so certain about the comparison of AI to earlier industrial or technological advancements that he makes, simply because AI is not only coming for “dirty, tiring, arduous, and dangerous” jobs. That said, Miao does call to strengthen social security and upskilling under the rubric of “invest in people”. Miao’s ideas on innovative financing of AI companies and creation of regulatory sandboxes are also worth reading.
Here goes:
Miao begins by saying that Xi spoke about AI during his engagement with the Jiangsu delegation during the Two Sessions. He then discusses the issue in depth, beginning by outlining China’s strengths and advantages.
“China’s AI technology development and applications have achieved remarkable results from a global perspective.
General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out that the ‘Party Central Committee attaches great importance to the development of AI. In recent years, it has improved top-level design and strengthened work deployment, promoting a comprehensive and systematic leap forward in China’s overall AI strength’. Viewed in general terms, the development of AI is both competition among enterprises and competition among countries. Enterprises are the main actors driving technological breakthroughs and industrial innovation, while the state provides foundational support such as the innovation environment and industrial ecosystem. A country’s national conditions, endowments, and development orientation determine its AI development path and development space. At present, in terms of AI development achievements, our country and the United States are both in globally leading positions; China excels in large-scale applications ‘from 1 to N’, and the two countries have formed differentiated development paths, each with its own strengths and characteristics. 习近平总书记指出：“党中央高度重视人工智能发展，近年来完善顶层设计、加强工作部署，推动我国人工智能综合实力整体性、系统性跃升。”总体上看，发展人工智能既是企业间的竞争，更是国家间的竞争。企业是推动技术突破和产业创新的主体，国家则提供创新环境和产业生态等基础支撑。一国的国情禀赋和发展导向，决定着该国人工智能的发展路线和发展空间。当前，在人工智能发展成效上，我国与美国同处全球领先地位，我国长于“从1到N”的规模化应用，两国形成差异化发展路径，各有所长、各具特色.
In terms of algorithmic models, China is at the forefront of the open-source approach. Algorithmic models are the critical foundation of AI development. China has achieved catch-up and surpassing through the open-source approach, and is reshaping the global AI competitive landscape through architectural innovation and efficiency leaps. For example, DeepSeek achieved a low-cost, high-performance breakthrough through extreme engineering innovations such as dynamic sparse attention mechanisms and hybrid expert architectures. More importantly, Chinese companies like DeepSeek and Alibaba have adopted an open-source approach. This approach fully mobilises the collective wisdom and resources of both domestic and international stakeholders to collaboratively create algorithmic models, significantly lowering the entry barrier for SMEs and even individuals to develop AI tools. Chinese enterprises not only occupy leading positions on global open-source model rankings, but have also built a thriving developer ecosystem through full-stack open-source strategies, accelerating technology diffusion and industrial application. Although companies such as Google have made pioneering contributions in generative AI, generative AI is only an important step toward AGI; in the absence of AGI having been realized, major American enterprises have widely adopted closed-source business models, which to a certain extent limits the universality and collaborative development potential of the technology. 在算法模型方面，我国走在了开源路线的前列。算法模型是人工智能发展的关键底座。我国以开源路线实现赶超，正通过架构创新与效率跃升重塑全球人工智能竞争格局。比如，深度求索（DeepSeek）通过动态稀疏注意力机制、混合专家架构等工程化的极致创新，实现了低成本、高性能的突破。更重要的是，以DeepSeek、阿里等为代表的中国厂商走的是开源路线，这一做法能够充分动员国内外各方智慧力量参与算法模型的协作共创，极大降低了中小企业乃至个人开发人工智能工具的门槛。我国企业不仅在全球开源模型榜单上占据领先地位，更通过全栈开源策略，构建起繁荣的开发者生态，加速技术扩散与产业应用。尽管谷歌等企业在生成式人工智能上具有开创性贡献，但生成式人工智能只是迈向通用人工智能的重要一步，在通用人工智能尚未实现的情况下，美国巨头企业纷纷采取闭源的商业模式，在一定程度上限制了技术的普惠性与协作开发潜力.
In terms of computing hardware, China has achieved a substantial leap in capability. Computing hardware is the core pillar of AI development. Through independent innovation and systematic layout, China has made major breakthroughs in chip development and intelligent computing infrastructure construction. Domestic chip products represented by Huawei Ascend and Cambricon Siyuan are gradually building a domestically-produced ecosystem, alleviating the ‘chokepoint’ pressure in the high-end chip domain. At the same time, China has compensated for single-point chip performance shortcomings with system-level engineering capabilities; through engineering innovations such as ultra-large-scale networking, high-speed interconnection, and unified scheduling, and by adopting open architectures compatible with mainstream ecosystems and supporting mixed deployment of multi-brand hardware, China has built a number of ten-thousand-card cluster intelligent computing centers, achieving a large-scale leap in computing power efficiency at the cluster level. China has built a nationwide integrated computing power network, promoted ‘Eastern Data, Western Computing’, and realised optimised allocation of computing power and electricity resources nationwide. In 2025, China’s intelligent computing power scale exceeded 1,590 EFLOPS. Building computing clusters is a computing development path consistent with our country’s national conditions and capability advantages, laying a powerful computing foundation for our country’s artificial intelligence technological and industrial innovation. 在算力硬件方面，我国实现了能力大幅跃升。算力硬件是人工智能发展的核心支柱，我国通过自主创新与体系化布局，在芯片研发与智算基础设施建设上取得重大突破。以华为昇腾、寒武纪思元等为代表的国产芯片产品，正逐步构建起国产化生态，缓解了高端芯片领域的“卡脖子”压力。与此同时，我们以系统级的工程能力弥补单点芯片性能短板，通过超大组网、高速互联和统一调度等工程创新，采用开放架构兼容主流生态、支持多品牌硬件混合部署，建设了若干万卡集群智算中心，在集群层面达成算力效能的规模化跃升。构建全国一体化算力网，推动“东数西算”，实现了全国范围的算力和电力资源优化配置。2025年，我国智能算力规模超过1590百亿亿次/秒（EFLOPS）。建设算力集群是一条符合我国国情和能力优势的算力发展之路，为我国人工智能科技创新和产业创新奠定了强大的算力基础.
In terms of supporting elements, China boasts significant advantages in supply scale and network infrastructure. Supporting factors are the fundamental prerequisites for the development of AI. Leveraging its massive market and moderately advanced infrastructure construction, China has formed unique comprehensive advantages in key supporting factors such as data, networks, and energy. As of 2025, China had the world’s largest total netizen population of 1.125 billion; in 2024, data production volume reached 41.06 zettabytes, accounting for 26.67% of global total data volume, providing abundant data sources for AI model training. China has built the world’s largest and most extensively covered network infrastructure: in 2025, the total number of 5G base stations was 4.84 million, accounting for approximately 60% of the global total, and the total length of national optical cable lines reached 74.99 million kilometers, opening up the ‘main artery’ from cloud computing power to terminal scenarios and ensuring that data elements can be efficiently collected, circulated, and put to use. The rapid development of AI places enormous demand on electricity, and some countries and regions have already experienced insufficient electricity supply. China is not only the world’s largest producer of photovoltaic and wind power capacity, but has also, through its globally leading ultra-high-voltage power transmission and transformation technology, built the electricity energy main artery of ‘West-East Power Transmission’, providing large-scale, low-cost green electricity supply for energy-intensive intelligent computing centers. According to data from the National Energy Administration, in 2025, China’s newly-installed wind and photovoltaic capacity exceeded 430 million kilowatts, and cumulative grid-connected installed capacity broke through 1.8 billion kilowatts, with renewable energy power generation installed capacity accounting for more than 60%; renewable energy power generation was approximately 4.0 trillion kilowatt-hours, exceeding the combined electricity consumption of the 27 EU member states. Looking ahead, as the ‘dual carbon’ goals are progressively realized and new energy technology iterates, China’s share of green electricity will continue to rise, providing long-term competitiveness for the sustainable development of the AI industry. 在支撑要素方面，我国供给规模与网络优势突出。支撑要素是人工智能发展的基础前提，我国凭借超大规模市场与适度超前的基础设施建设，在数据、网络与能源等关键支撑要素上形成了独特的综合优势。2025年我国拥有总规模达11.25亿人的全球最大网民总数，2024年数据生产量达到41.06泽字节，占全球数据总量的26.67%，为人工智能模型训练提供了丰富数据源泉。我国建成了全球最大、覆盖最广的网络基础设施，2025年5G基站总数484万个，约占全球60%，全国光缆线路总长度达7499万公里，打通了从云端算力到终端场景的“大动脉”，确保了数据要素能够被高效采集、流通并获得应用。人工智能的快速发展对电力的需求量极大，一些国家和地区已经出现电力供应不足问题。我国不仅是全球最大的光伏与风电产能国，更通过领先全球的特高压输变电技术，构建了“西电东送”的电力能源大动脉，为耗能巨大的智算中心提供了大规模、低成本的绿色电力供给。根据国家能源局数据，2025年，我国风电与光伏新增装机超过4.3亿千瓦、累计并网装机规模突破18亿千瓦，可再生能源发电装机占比超过六成；可再生能源发电量约4.0万亿千瓦时，超过欧盟27国用电量之和。展望未来，随着“双碳”目标逐步实现和新能源技术迭代，我国绿电占比将持续提升，为人工智能产业可持续发展提供长期竞争力.
In terms of innovation mechanisms, China has achieved remarkable results in the integrated advancement of education, science and technology, and talent development. Innovation mechanisms are a crucial guarantee for the development and progress of AI. Through systematic top-level design, my country has promoted the close integration of education, teaching, scientific research, and talent cultivation, forming a virtuous cycle. China ranks first in the world in total human resources, total science and technology human resources, and total R&D personnel; annual graduates in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics exceed 5 million. The rate of AI tool usage in scientific research and teaching is high, providing a very solid talent foundation for AI development. Through programs such as the Excellent Engineer Training Program, China has connected government, industry, academia, and research resources to collaboratively cultivate high-quality engineering and technical talent; currently nearly 26,000 engineering master’s and doctoral students are being jointly recruited and cultivated by universities and enterprises, achieving organized, systematic, and large-scale university-enterprise joint training of engineering postgraduates. State-led major science and technology special projects and industrial guidance funds have effectively guided intellectual resources and capital to converge on key AI fields, accelerating the conversion efficiency from academic papers to technology patents to market products. This integrated advancement model of education, science and technology, and talent provides solid intellectual support for China’s high-quality AI development. 在创新机制方面，我国教育科技人才一体化推进成效显著。创新机制是人工智能发展进步的重要保障，我国通过系统性的顶层设计，推动教育教学、科技研发与人才培养紧密衔接，形成了良性循环。我国人力资源总量、科技人力资源总量、研发人员总量世界第一，科学、技术、工程、数学专业毕业生每年超过500万人。在科研和教学中，人工智能工具使用率高，这为人工智能发展提供了非常坚实的人才基础。我国通过卓越工程师培养计划等，打通政产学研资源，协同培养高质量工程技术人才，目前校企联合招收培养工程硕博士近2.6万人，实现了工程硕博士有组织、成建制、大规模的校企联合培养。国家主导的科技重大专项与产业引导基金，有效引导了智力资源与资本向人工智能关键领域集聚，加快了从学术论文到技术专利再到市场产品的转化效率。这种教育、科技、人才一体化推进模式，为我国人工智能高质量发展提供了扎实的智力支撑.
In the second section, Miao calls to promote the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation, and promote the high-quality development of AI.
General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out that ‘we must squarely face the gaps, redouble our efforts, and comprehensively advance AI-based scientific and technological innovation, industrial development, and empowerment applications’. At present, AI continues to develop rapidly, the distance and cycle from technological breakthrough to industrial transformation have shortened significantly. The role of the integrated development of technological innovation and industrial innovation has become increasingly prominent, and it is of great significance for grasping the laws of AI development, seizing major opportunities, and shaping new drivers of development. At the same time, the funding and resource requirements for developing AI are large, necessitating the construction of an innovation system with enterprises as the main body and combining industry, academia, research, and application, in order to promote technological development and iteration. Promoting deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, and converting China’s advantages in scenarios, resources, and institutions into technological and industrial advantages, is the key path for advancing China’s high-quality AI development. 习近平总书记指出：“要正视差距、加倍努力，全面推进人工智能科技创新、产业发展和赋能应用”。当前人工智能持续快速发展，从科技突破到产业转化的距离和周期显著缩短，科技创新和产业创新融合发展的作用愈发凸显，对于把握人工智能发展规律、抢抓重大机遇、塑造发展新动能具有重要意义。同时，发展人工智能的资金和资源需求量大，需要构建以企业为主体、产学研用相结合的创新体系，促进技术发展迭代。推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合，将我国的场景、资源、体制等优势转化为技术和产业优势，是促进我国人工智能高质量发展的关键路径.
Promote the advancement from digitalization to intelligentization across a wider scope. Our country has achieved remarkable results in digital transformation. Facing the wave of AI, it is necessary to accelerate the completion of intelligent upgrading. A complete industrial system and sound industrial and supply chains are China’s unique advantages. Many industries have already formed a good digital foundation; further promoting intelligentization on a broader scale and at a deeper level will effectively drive the transformation of development methods and open up new space for economic growth. By the end of 2025, China had cumulatively built more than 43,000 intelligent factories, and in fields such as automobile manufacturing and electronic information, a large number of intelligent factories and digital workshops have already been established. However, it should be noted that most smart factories currently focus on the use of automated equipment and industrial software applications, and the depth of AI empowerment needs to be improved. The development direction of the next generation of intelligent manufacturing is that production systems can autonomously perceive, learn, and make decisions, and make corresponding production scheduling and optimization iterations. It is necessary to further clarify the direction of intelligent transformation and upgrading, expand the demonstration scope of intelligent manufacturing and intelligent factories, advance intelligent coordination of industrial supply chains, strengthen adaptive matching of supply and demand, and promote AI–driven methods of production process optimization, making the manufacturing sector the main battlefield for the deep integration of AI technological innovation and industrial innovation. 更大范围推动数字化向智能化抵进。我国在数字化转型方面成效显著。面对人工智能浪潮，必须加快完成智能化升级。产业体系完整、产业链供应链健全，是我国的独有优势，许多产业已经形成很好的数字化基础，进一步推动更大范围、更深程度的智能化将有效带动发展方式转型，开拓经济增长新空间。截至2025年底，我国已累计建成4.3万余家智能工厂，在汽车制造、电子信息等领域已建成大量智能工厂与数字化车间。但要看到，当前多数智能工厂侧重自动化设备使用与工业软件应用，人工智能赋能的深度尚待提升。新一代智能制造的发展方向是生产系统能够自主感知、学习、决策，并做出相应的生产调度和优化迭代。应进一步明确智能化转型升级方向，扩大智能制造和智能工厂示范范围，推进工业供应链智能协同，加强自适应供需匹配，推广人工智能驱动的生产工艺优化方法，让制造业成为人工智能科技创新和产业创新深度融合的主战场.
Build a technology innovation system with enterprises as the main body. General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out that ‘we must give full play to the principal role of enterprises, drive all types of innovation resources to converge toward enterprises, vigorously cultivate leading science and technology enterprises and high-tech enterprises with leading core technologies and strong innovation capabilities, and lead and drive industries to advance toward frontier and high-end fields’. In AI development, enterprises are the most active innovation entities. Building a technology innovation system with enterprises as the main body can fully mobilize various innovation resources and promote technological breakthroughs. Looking both domestically and internationally, it is usually enterprises that drive major developmental iterations in AI. As of the end of June 2025, China ranked first in the world with an absolute advantage of 1,509 large-scale models, accounting for about 40% of the global total, and a number of enterprises with global influence and technological leadership have emerged. However, it should be noted that leading companies such as Nvidia in the United States still firmly control the upstream of the industrial ecosystem, especially advanced process chips and development tools. We should base ourselves on our national conditions, give full play to our advantages, and form cross-industry and cross-disciplinary innovation consortia to fight an AI ‘team competition’. Concentrate industry, academia, and research forces to jointly overcome core technologies challenges, such as high-end chips and foundational software, and build an autonomous, controllable, and collaboratively operating AI foundational software and hardware system. Encourage leading manufacturing enterprises to open up scenarios, and join with universities, research institutes, and upstream and downstream enterprises to form innovation consortia with shared interests and shared risks. Improve the open-source ecosystem, improve AI open-source mechanisms, accelerate the construction of high-level AI open-source communities, guide enterprises to explore commercial models that give back to open source, promote compatibility among different open-source projects, and improve toolchain collaboration efficiency. 构建以企业为主体的技术创新体系。习近平总书记指出：“要发挥企业主体作用，推动各类创新资源向企业集聚，大力培育核心技术领先、创新能力强的科技领军企业和高新技术企业，引领带动产业向前沿和高端领域迈进。”在人工智能发展中，企业是最为活跃的创新主体，以企业为主体构建技术创新体系能够充分调动各类创新资源，推动技术突破。放眼国内国外，推动人工智能实现重大发展迭代的通常是企业。截至2025年6月底，我国大模型数量以1509个的绝对优势位居世界首位，占全球总量约40%，涌现出一批具有全球影响力和技术引领性的企业。但要看到，美国的英伟达等头部公司还牢牢把持着产业生态上游，特别是先进制程芯片和开发工具。我们应立足国情，充分发挥我国优势，组建跨行业、跨学科的创新联合体，打一场人工智能“团体赛”。集中产学研力量协力攻克高端芯片、基础软件等核心技术，构建自主可控、协同运行的人工智能基础软硬件系统。鼓励制造业龙头企业开放场景，联合高校院所与上下游企业，组建利益共享、风险共担的创新联合体。完善开源生态，健全人工智能开源机制，加快建设高水平人工智能开源社区，引导企业探索商业反哺开源模式，促进不同开源项目之间的兼容，提高工具链协同效率.
Grasp the intelligent upgrading and transformation of existing equipment. The intelligent transformation of existing equipment is an important focus for promoting the deep integration of AI technological innovation and industrial innovation, and can directly raise production efficiency and lower operating costs. Since 2024, China has launched a new round of large-scale equipment renewal and consumer goods trade-in actions, setting goals such as increasing equipment investment in industrial and agricultural fields by more than 25% by 2027 compared with 2023 levels, as well as advancing the digital transformation of industrial enterprises above designated size, providing strong policy support for the intelligent upgrading of existing equipment. China has maintained the world’s largest industrial robot market for more than 10 consecutive years, and since the 14th FYP, newly-installed industrial robots have accounted for more than 50% of the global total. At the current stage, transforming existing industrial robots from programmed control to intelligent control has broad application prospects. At the same time, as a major producer and consumer of machine tools, China has a vast scale of CNC machine tools with urgent upgrading needs. Promoting the evolution of CNC machine tools towards intelligent control can not only improve production flexibility but also simultaneously support the precision and reliability requirements of key components for humanoid robots (such as ball screws). It is necessary to fully utilise the ‘two new’ policies, advance the upgrading of industrial robots, CNC machine tools, power equipment, and others in a categorised and graded manner, and encourage the adoption of modular and flexible transformation solutions. Promote models such as equipment financing leasing and benefit-sharing to lower the threshold for enterprise transformation. We must encourage equipment manufacturers, software companies, universities, and research institutes to jointly develop low-cost, highly reliable, and easy-to-maintain intelligent transformation kits and tool chains, improving the large-scale supply capacity of intelligent transformation services. 抓好存量设备智能化升级改造。存量设备智能化改造是推动人工智能科技创新和产业创新深度融合的重要着力点，能够直接提升生产效率、降低运行成本。2024年以来，我国启动新一轮大规模设备更新和消费品以旧换新行动，设定了到2027年工业、农业等领域设备投资规模较2023年增长25%以上以及规模以上工业企业数字化转型等方面的目标，为我国存量设备智能化升级提供了有力政策支持。我国已连续10多年保持全球最大工业机器人市场，“十四五”以来工业机器人新增装机量占全球比重超过50%。在当前阶段，将现有工业机器人从程序控制改造为智能控制具有广阔应用前景。同时，作为机床生产和消费大国，我国数控机床规模庞大，升级需求迫切。推动数控机床向智能控制演进，不仅能提高生产柔性化水平，还能同步支撑人形机器人关键部件（如丝杠等）生产的精度与可靠性需求。要用好用足“两新”政策，分类分级推动工业机器人、数控机床、动力装备等更新升级，鼓励采用模块化、柔性化改造方案。推广设备融资租赁、效益分享等模式，降低企业改造门槛。鼓励设备制造商、软件企业、高校院所等协同开发低成本、高可靠、易运维的智能化改造套件与工具链，提升智能改造服务的规模化供给能力.
Establish a new type of investment and financing system suited to the development of AI. Financial support is crucial for promoting the deep integration of AI technological innovation and industrial innovation and is the source of vitality for technological breakthroughs and industrial upgrading. At present, AI development has characteristics such as high investment and strong uncertainty, and its investment and financing needs differ significantly from those of other industries and fields. American technology giants are betting on AI with unprecedented levels of venture capital investment. The capital expenditure plans announced for 2026 by Alphabet, Amazon, Meta, and Microsoft total approximately $650 billion, mainly invested in the construction of new data centers and related equipment deployment. By comparison, the capital expenditures of leading AI enterprises in China in 2025 were generally around 100 billion yuan, and the total scale of the national AI industry investment fund is 60.06 billion yuan. Systematic reform and innovation of investment and financing mechanisms are essential to create a financial ecosystem covering the entire lifecycle of AI development. Support should be given to government-guided funds to cooperate with social capital, establishing more specialised sub-funds focused on hard technologies and early-stage investments. Capital market reforms should be deepened, optimizing the listing standards and valuation systems for AI companies on the Science and Technology Innovation Board (STAR Market) and the Growth Enterprise Market (GEM). Diversified exit channels should be facilitated, the M&A market actively developed, and leading companies encouraged to integrate innovative resources through mergers and acquisitions. Innovate financial products and services, and encourage banking institutions to develop products such as intellectual property pledge financing and R&D loans for AI companies. Develop technology insurance to mitigate R&D and innovation risks.” 建立适配人工智能发展的新型投融资体制。金融支持对于推动人工智能科技创新和产业创新深度融合至关重要，是技术突破与产业升级的源头活水。当前人工智能发展具有投入高、不确定性强等特点，对投融资的需求与其他行业领域相比存在明显不同。美国科技巨头正以前所未有的风险投资力度押注人工智能，Alphabet、亚马逊、Meta、微软公布的2026年资本支出计划，总额高达约6500亿美元，主要投向数据中心新建及配套设备布局。相比之下，我国人工智能头部企业在2025年的资本开支普遍在千亿元人民币，国家人工智能产业投资基金总规模为600.6亿元。必须系统性改革和创新投融资机制，打造能够覆盖人工智能发展全生命周期的金融生态。支持政府引导基金与社会资本合作，设立更多专注硬科技和早期投资的专业子基金。深化资本市场改革，优化科创板、创业板对人工智能企业的上市标准和估值体系。畅通多元化退出渠道，积极发展并购市场，鼓励龙头企业通过并购整合创新资源。创新金融产品和服务，鼓励银行业金融机构开发面向人工智能企业的知识产权质押融资、研发贷款等产品。发展科技保险，分散研发与创新风险.
In the third section, Miao talks about AI governance to maximise benefits and minimise risks.
“General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out that ‘it is necessary to coordinate development and security, effectively prevent and defuse various risks, and earnestly safeguard national security and social stability,’ and ‘AI brings unprecedented development opportunities, and also brings previously unseen risks and challenges’. As AI penetrates deeply into all links and fields of production and daily life and its level of intelligence leaps upward, the possibility that it will trigger major security issues and even systemic risks is continuously expanding. While promoting the deep integration of AI technological innovation and industrial innovation, it is necessary to properly handle the relationship between development and security, strengthen AI governance, build a safe and reliable development environment, and actively respond to various risks and shocks in the process of intelligent transformation; efforts should be made to shape AI into an international public good that benefits humanity, widely carry out international cooperation in AI, and make China’s contribution to bridging the global AI development gap. 习近平总书记指出：“要统筹发展和安全，有效防范化解各类风险，切实维护国家安全和社会稳定”“人工智能带来前所未有发展机遇，也带来前所未遇风险挑战”。随着人工智能向生产生活各环节各领域深入渗透及其智能水平跃升，其引发重大安全问题乃至系统性风险的可能性不断放大。在推动人工智能科技创新和产业创新深度融合的同时，必须处理好发展和安全的关系，加强人工智能治理，构建安全可靠的发展环境，积极应对智能化转型过程中的各类风险冲击；着力将人工智能塑造为造福人类的国际公共产品，广泛开展人工智能国际合作，为弥合全球人工智能发展鸿沟作出中国贡献.
Correctly understand the issue of AI impact on employment. At present, there is much discussion about AI replacing human employment, but the fact is that large-scale job displacement caused by AI hasn’t yet materialized. Looking back at history, every industrial revolution has been a process of creative destruction of existing jobs. When people apply groundbreaking technologies and industrial models, they typically first replace ‘dirty, tiring, arduous, and dangerous’ jobs, then repetitive tasks, to satisfy humanity’s pursuit of a better quality of life. For example, after the popularization of automobiles, the job of carriage drivers gradually disappeared and was replaced by the job of automobile drivers; similarly, after the widespread use of containers, the number of dock porters decreased, but the demand for container loading and unloading workers surged. The impact of AI on employment is similar. Intelligent tools replace repetitive and procedural tasks, freeing workers from these tasks and creating new job demands, such as algorithm engineers and intelligent scenario designers. Furthermore, as AI significantly increases labour productivity, people will have more leisure time. Currently, efforts should be intensified to ‘invest in people’, conducting specialized training to enhance AI skills and help workers transition to new roles in human-machine collaboration; improve the protection level of labour rights for workers in new forms of employment, improve the social security network under new forms of employment, implement and optimise leave systems, and allow the dividends of AI development to be shared by the whole society. 正确认识人工智能对就业的影响问题。当前关于人工智能取代人类就业的讨论很多，事实上智能化造成的就业岗位替代尚没有大规模到来。回顾历史，历次产业革命都是对就业岗位创造性破坏的过程。人们应用突破性技术和产业模式，通常首先取代的是“脏、累、苦、险”工种，进而替代重复性工作，以满足人类对更好生产生活状态的追求。比如，汽车普及后，马车夫的岗位逐渐消失，取而代之的是汽车司机岗位；再如，集装箱得到广泛使用后，码头搬运工数量渐少，但对集装箱装卸工的需求爆发。人工智能对就业的影响同样如此。智能化工具替代的是重复性、程序性的工作环节，能够把劳动者从这些工作环节中解脱出来，并形成新的岗位需求，如算法调教师、智能场景设计师等。此外，在人工智能带动劳动生产率水平大幅提升后，人类可以有更多休闲时间。当前，应加大“投资于人”的力度，开展人工智能技术技能提升等专项培训，帮助劳动者向人机协同的新角色转型；提升新就业形态劳动者劳动权益保障水平，完善新就业形态下的社会保障网，落实和优化休假制度，让人工智能发展红利为全社会所共享.
Improve the system of legal and ethical rules. The healthy development of AI cannot be separated from the dual constraints of law and ethics. In the construction of legal and ethical rules, there have already been many practices both domestically and internationally. For example, the EU Artificial Intelligence Act formally entered into force in August 2024, establishing a regulatory paradigm based on risk classification (prohibited, high risk, limited risk, and minimal risk). China has issued special regulatory norms such as the Interim Measures for the Administration of Generative AI Services, the Measures for the Security Management of Face Recognition Technology Applications, and the Measures for the Identification of AI-Generated Synthetic Content, and has clarified AI ethics guidance requirements in documents such as the Opinions on Strengthening Science and Technology Ethics Governance and the Ethical Norms for the New Generation of AI. Going forward, in response to risks such as infringement, discrimination, and forgery brought about by AI applications, it is necessary to accelerate the establishment and improvement of a legal and regulatory framework covering algorithms, data, and applications; accelerate the formulation of national and industry standards in fields such as algorithm security assessment and deep-synthesis content detection; and through coordinated efforts of laws and regulations, policy standards, and ethical guidelines, properly balance the relationship between development and security. 健全法律伦理规则体系。人工智能的健康发展离不开法律与伦理的双重约束。在法律伦理规则建设上，国内外已有不少实践。比如，欧盟《人工智能法案》于2024年8月正式生效，确立了基于风险分级（禁止、高风险、有限风险和最低风险）而设定的监管范式。我国出台了《生成式人工智能服务管理暂行办法》《人脸识别技术应用安全管理办法》《人工智能生成合成内容标识办法》等专门管理规范，并在《关于加强科技伦理治理的意见》《新一代人工智能伦理规范》等文件中明确了人工智能伦理指引要求。下一步，针对人工智能应用带来的侵权、歧视、伪造等风险问题，需加快建立健全覆盖算法、数据与应用的法律法规框架，加快制定算法安全评估、深度合成内容检测等领域的国家标准与行业标准，通过法律法规、政策标准、伦理准则等协同发力，平衡好发展和安全的关系.
Construct a sandbox regulatory model. AI innovative products have a ‘black box’ characteristic, and their output content tends to have non-explainability. The compatible regulatory model is the sandbox regulatory model, i.e., providing business entities with a relatively tolerant experimental environment, allowing them to trial-run new products, new services, new models, and new technologies within defined scales and defined scenarios, with appropriate exemption from certain current regulatory constraints. China already has relevant explorations. For example, in 2024, the Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area took the lead in establishing the country’s first AI data training base and applied a ‘regulatory sandbox’ mechanism, providing AI enterprises with an integrated training and testing environment, encompassing ‘computing power+data+compliance’. Going ahead, relevant institutional arrangements should be improved, setting rules for the entry, operation, and exit of AI sandbox regulation, and clarifying requirements for enterprises with regard to technological security, ethical compliance, and risks and emergency response. A graded response mechanism should be established, adopting different response and handling measures for incidents corresponding to different risk levels. Regulatory technological capabilities should be continuously improved, developing regulatory technology toolkits adapted to regulatory needs so that regulatory capabilities evolve in step with AI technology. 构建沙盒监管模式。人工智能创新产品具有“黑箱”属性，输出内容具有不可解释性。与之相适配的是沙盒监管模式，即为经营主体提供相对包容的试验环境，允许其在限定规模、限定场景内试运行新产品、新服务、新模式与新技术，适度豁免部分现行规制约束。我国已有相关探索，例如北京经济技术开发区于2024年率先建立全国首个人工智能数据训练基地并应用“监管沙盒”机制，为人工智能企业提供包含“算力+数据+合规”的一体化训练与测试环境。未来，应加快完善相关制度安排，设定人工智能沙盒监管的准入、运行与退出规则，明确对企业技术安全性、伦理合规性及风险应急处置等方面的要求。建立分级响应机制，对应不同风险等级事件采取不同的应对处置措施。持续提升监管技术能力，开发与监管需求相适应的监管科技工具包，使监管能力与人工智能技术同步演进.
Establish a risk prevention and control mechanism. It is essential to grasp the development trends and patterns of AI and construct systems for technological monitoring, risk early warning, and emergency response in order to ensure that AI is safe, reliable, and controllable. At present, AI is developing rapidly. Model capability generalization and multimodal integration have gradually exposed the shortcomings of traditional security protection methods; the forms of risk have expanded from explicit domains such as data leakage and algorithmic discrimination to hidden domains such as value infiltration, deepfakes, and cognitive manipulation. Establishing a full-chain risk prevention and control mechanism is not only a requirement of technological governance but also an inherent requirement of coordinating development and security. The principal security responsibility of AI enterprises must be strengthened, promoting enterprises, especially leading enterprises, to improve risk prevention and control and security emergency mechanisms and clarify enterprise safety obligations regarding AI products and services. A sound AI security emergency management mechanism composed of multiple departments should be established to improve rapid response and handling capabilities. In key industries such as autonomous driving, smart healthcare, and financial technology, AI security emergency drills should be organized regularly, simulating typical scenarios such as model poisoning, adversarial sample attacks, and deepfakes, optimizing enterprise response processes, and improving coordination efficiency among all parties. 建立风险防控机制。把握人工智能发展趋势和规律，构建技术监测、风险预警、应急响应体系，将确保人工智能安全、可靠、可控。当前，人工智能发展迅猛，模型能力泛化、多模态融合使传统安全防护手段逐渐显露短板，风险形态已从显性的数据泄露、算法歧视等，延伸至价值观渗透、深度伪造、认知操纵等隐性领域。建立全链条风险防控机制，不仅是技术治理的需要，更是统筹发展和安全的内在要求。要压实人工智能企业的安全主体责任，推动企业尤其是头部企业健全风险防控和安全应急机制，明确企业对于人工智能产品和服务的安全义务。建立健全由多部门组成的人工智能安全应急管理机制，提升快速反应和处置能力。在自动驾驶、智慧医疗、金融科技等重点行业，常态化组织人工智能安全应急演练，模拟模型投毒、对抗样本攻击、深度伪造等典型场景，优化企业响应流程，提升各方协同效率.
Promote cooperation in global governance. AI has cross-border characteristics, and AI governance is by no means a matter of a single country or region; it requires coordination and cooperation among all parties at the global level. Although multiple international organizations and intergovernmental cooperation platforms have begun promoting the construction of AI governance frameworks, global AI governance is still generally in a fragmented state and lacks a unified global coordination mechanism. It is necessary to actively participate in dialogue on international rules, accelerate the promotion of establishing a global AI governance framework, advance the coordination of multilateral rules, and promote the formation of governance models that gain broad recognition. In areas with strong demand for international cooperation, such as cross-border data flows and combating crimes using information and communication technologies, pilot governance cooperation should be carried out first to accumulate a foundation of mutual trust. Through technological cooperation and capacity building, assist developing countries in integrating into the process of AI development, narrow the digital divide, and allow technological achievements to benefit countries around the world.” 推动全球治理协作。人工智能具有跨国界属性，人工智能治理绝非一国一域之事，需要在全球层面推动各方协同协作。尽管已有多个国际组织和国家间合作平台开始推动构建人工智能治理框架，但目前全球人工智能治理总体仍处于碎片化状态，缺乏统一的全球协调机制。应积极参与国际规则对话，加快推动建立全球人工智能治理框架，推进多边规则协调，促进形成获得广泛认可的治理模式。在数据跨境流动、打击利用信息通信技术犯罪等国际合作需求较大领域先行开展治理协作试点，积累互信基础。通过技术合作与能力建设，协助发展中国家融入人工智能发展进程，缩小数字鸿沟，让技术成果惠及世界各国.