Ministry of Foreign Affairs Party Committee on Vision & Practice of Xi's Thought on Diplomacy
Also in this edition: Xi reviews key central organs' work reports; NPC sacks 9 military officials; and 22,554 cases of violations of 8-point regulation in January
Here are the key reports and articles from the People’s Daily’s edition on Friday, February 27, 2026.
Page 1: The lead report today informs that “in accordance with relevant provisions of the Central Committee, members of the Politburo and Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, members of the Party Leading Groups of the NPCSC, the State Council, and CPPCC NC, as well as the Party secretaries of the SPC and the SPP, recently submitted written work reports on their 2025 annual work to the Party Central Committee and to General Secretary Xi Jinping. Xi Jinping reviewed the work reports and put forward important requirements.” 按照党中央有关规定，中央政治局委员、书记处书记，全国人大常委会、国务院、全国政协党组成员，最高人民法院、最高人民检察院党组书记近期就2025年度工作向党中央和习近平总书记书面述职。习近平审阅述职报告并提出重要要求.
Xi Jinping emphasised that this year marks the 105th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China and is the opening year of the 15th FYP. It is essential to adhere to the guidance of the Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress and its subsequent plenary sessions; earnestly implement the arrangements of the Fourth Plenary Session; strengthen the four consciousnesses, enhance the four self-confidences, and achieve the two safeguards; always maintain a high degree of alignment with the CPC Central Committee in thought, politics, and action; enhance the sense of political responsibility and historical mission; and implement the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee with concrete actions. It is necessary to, within the scope of one’s respective duties, proactively take responsibility and act, uphold the general work tone of seeking progress while maintaining stability, completely, accurately, and comprehensively implement the new development concept, solidly promote high-quality development, better coordinate development and security, continuously safeguard and improve people’s livelihood, maintain social harmony and stability, and promote the realization of a good start to the 15th FYP. It is necessary to strictly implement the spirit of the central eight-point regulation and its implementation rules, always maintain a clear mind and high moral character, and set an example in firm belief, pragmatism, assuming responsibility, and self-discipline. It is necessary to take the lead in establishing and practicing the correct view of political achievements, persist in proceeding from reality and handling affairs according to objective laws, strive to produce achievements for the people and produce achievements through solid work. It is essential to conscientiously fulfill the political responsibility for strict and comprehensive Party governance, advance in an integrated manner the effort to ensure that officials do not dare to be corrupt, cannot be corrupt, and do not want to be corrupt, and foster a clean and upright political ecology.
习近平强调，今年是中国共产党成立105周年，是“十五五”开局之年，要坚持以新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，深入贯彻党的二十大和二十届历次全会精神，认真落实四中全会部署，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，始终在思想上政治上行动上同党中央保持高度一致，增强政治责任感和历史使命感，以实际行动把党中央决策部署落到实处。要在各自职责范围内主动担当作为，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念，扎实推动高质量发展，更好统筹发展和安全，持续保障和改善民生，保持社会和谐稳定，推动实现“十五五”良好开局。要严格落实中央八项规定及其实施细则精神，始终头脑清醒、怀德自重，在笃信、务实、担当、自律上当表率、作示范。要带头树立和践行正确政绩观，坚持从实际出发、按规律办事，努力为人民出政绩、以实干出政绩。要认真履行全面从严治党政治责任，一体推进不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐，推动营造风清气正的政治生态.
Next, there’s another feature article talking about the concept of the correct view of political achievements. This piece is structured into three parts. The first part outlines the goal, i.e., doing things for the people and ensuring that the people have a better life. The second section talks about the perspective to achieve this goal, which is “proceeding from reality and handling affairs according to objective laws.”
In this section, there are some useful criticisms:
“In the ‘first lesson’ of this opening year, General Secretary Xi Jinping placed special emphasis on one term — ‘degree of adaptability/compatibility’ (适配度). ‘The 15th FYP has just gotten underway, and everyone is planning and pushing forward. Attention must be paid to calculating the input-output account and improving the degree of compatibility. We can neither ignore shortcomings nor go too far ahead and cause waste’. Degree of compatibility is a perspective within economic laws, but it is in fact also a yardstick for ‘what kind of political achievements to pursue’. Whether one’s view of political achievements is correct or not becomes perfectly clear when measured against this ruler. Looking back at the past, the lessons are still with us. Some localities and departments, being fond of grandiose undertakings and craving credit, greedy for everything to be massive/large-scale and all-encompassing, blindly following trends and flashy but impractical projects, constructed political achievement projects and vanity projects; what was ultimately left behind was more often than not a rotten mess. This severely damaged the confidence of cadres and the masses, and even delayed precious development opportunities.
At present, ‘new quality productive forces’ has become a development buzzword. General Secretary Xi Jinping cautioned: ‘Do new quality productive forces simply equal emerging industries? The transformation and upgrading of traditional industries can also develop new quality productive forces. We cannot just fix our eyes on the ‘new three items’ and neither can one simply rush up in a swarm and disperse in a swarm. There must be adaptation to local conditions, each with its own strengths.’ This important statement also speaks to degree of compatibility.
The essence of degree of compatibility is seeking truth from facts. This is the fundamental viewpoint of Marxism, the fundamental requirement for Chinese Communists in understanding and transforming the world, and the Party’s basic method of thinking, working, and leading. Only by ‘persisting in proceeding from reality and handling affairs according to objective laws’ can one be responsible to the people and to the cause, and only then can one create achievements that withstand the test of history, the people, and practice.
Achieving truth from facts requires the fundamental skill of investigation and research.”
观点“坚持从实际出发、按规律办事”开局之年的“第一课”，习近平总书记特别强调了一个词——“适配度”：“‘十五五’刚刚开局，大家都在谋划推进，要注意算投入产出账，提高适配度，既不能无视短板，也不能过于超前、造成浪费。”适配度，是经济规律中的一个视角，其实也是“树什么样的政绩”的度量衡。政绩观对不对，拿这把尺子量一量就清清楚楚。回顾过往，教训犹在。有的地方和部门好大喜功、贪大求全、盲目跟风、华而不实，打造“政绩工程”“形象工程”，最终留下来的往往是“烂摊子”。这严重挫伤干部群众的信心，甚至贻误宝贵的发展时机。当前，“新质生产力”成为发展热词。习近平总书记叮嘱：“新质生产力，是否就等于新兴产业？传统产业改造升级，也能发展新质生产力。不能光盯着‘新三样’，不能大呼隆、一哄而起、一哄而散，一定要因地制宜，各有千秋。”这番重要论述，说的也是“适配度”。适配度，本质上就是实事求是。这是马克思主义的根本观点，是中国共产党人认识世界、改造世界的根本要求，是我们党的基本思想方法、工作方法、领导方法。“坚持从实际出发、按规律办事”，才是对人民负责、对事业负责，才能创造经得起历史、人民和实践检验的业绩。做到实事求是，离不开调查研究这个基本功.
After this, the section tells us that Xi Jinping followed this model when he was leading Zhengding in the 1980s. Then, we come to the present-day again:
“Since the new era, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as its core, coordinating the strategic overall situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the great changes unseen in a century, has made a series of major decisions and deployments, which embody] the supreme wisdom of ‘persisting in proceeding from reality and handling affairs according to objective laws’.
From the temporal dimension, the stage of development has changed.
China’s economy has already transitioned from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development, shifting from ‘whether there is or isn’t’ to ‘whether it is good or not’. General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly warned: ‘We can no longer simply use the GDP growth rate to distinguish heroes’; ‘the new development philosophy is the baton and the traffic light’… During the 2023 Two Sessions, an NPC delegate mentioned the Xiangshui incident, saying: ‘At the time, GDP went up, but it sowed the seeds for disastrous events years later’. General Secretary Xi Jinping said: ‘At no time can we take that path of haste, draining the pond to catch the fish, and solely focus on GDP. This is precisely why we must firmly establish the new development philosophy.’
From the spatial dimension, conditions differ from place to place.
Since the Party’s 18th Party Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping’s footsteps have spread across the length and breadth of the country, setting direction and taking the pulse for development in each locality. Taking 2025 as an example: in Yunnan, it was made clear that one must ‘resolutely and unwaveringly walk the path of ecology-first, green development, and consolidate and solidify China’s southwestern ecological security barrier’; in Shanghai, the requirement was to ‘strive to be at the forefront in all aspects of AI development and governance, and generate a demonstration effect’; in Shanxi, the emphasis was that one must ‘further unify thinking, maintain resolve, and steadily and in an orderly manner advance transformation and development’ ...
‘One key opens one lock’—this is both the craftsmanship of governance and, even more so, the wisdom of the view of political achievements. ‘Feet must be planted on the ground. Everything we do has its own inherent laws’.
Carefully reading the proposals for the 15th Five-Year Plan, from the main objectives across 7 areas to the 12 strategic tasks, every word and every sentence is a timely answer to the question of ‘what kind of achievements to create’. For leading bodies at all levels and the broad ranks of Party members and officials, the key is to get the mode of thinking right, place oneself within the larger picture, thoroughly grasp the actual conditions, adapt measures to local conditions and make decisions scientifically, and forge a path of high-quality development suited to the actual conditions of one’s own region and department.”
新时代以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央统筹中华民族伟大复兴战略全局和世界百年未有之大变局，作出一系列重大决策部署，无不蕴含着“坚持从实际出发、按规律办事”的高超智慧。从时间维度看，发展阶段变了。我国经济已由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段，从“有没有”转向“好不好”。习近平总书记反复告诫，“再也不能简单以国内生产总值增长率来论英雄了”“新发展理念就是指挥棒、红绿灯”……2023年全国两会期间，有全国人大代表提到响水事故，“当时GDP上去了，但为若干年以后的灾害性事件埋下了根”。习近平总书记叮嘱：“任何时候我们都不能走那种急就章、竭泽而渔、唯GDP的道路。这就是为什么要树牢新发展理念。”从空间维度看，各地情况不同。党的十八大以来，习近平总书记足迹遍布大江南北，为各地发展定向把脉。以2025年为例，在云南，明确“要坚定不移走生态优先、绿色发展之路，筑牢我国西南生态安全屏障”；在上海，要求“力争在人工智能发展和治理各方面走在前列，产生示范效应”；在山西，强调“要进一步统一思想，保持定力，坚定有序推进转型发展”……“一把钥匙开一把锁”，这既是治理的匠心，更是政绩观的智慧。“脚要踩在大地上。我们干任何事情都有内在规律。”研读“十五五”规划建议，从7个方面的主要目标，到12项战略任务，字字句句，都是“创造什么样的业绩”的时代应答。对于各级领导班子和广大党员干部而言，关键是把思想方法搞对头，把自身置于大局中考量，把实际情况摸清楚，因地制宜、科学决策，走出一条适合本地区本部门实际的高质量发展之路.
The final section of the article continues to stress on the need to work in a pragmatic manner rather than rushing ahead, following leadership changes. It warns against haste, falsification of data, vanity projects, formalism, unwillingness to take responsibilities, avoiding the focus on short-sighted gains and looking at the long term impacts of actions; all this is anchored in the goals of “improving people’s livelihoods and maintaining stability”.
Next, there’s a report on the 14th NPC concluding its 21st session on Thursday.
Lawmakers voted to remove Wang Xiangxi from the post of minister of emergency management
Lawmakers voted to remove Jiang Chenghua as a member of the NPC’s Foreign Affairs Committee
Yang Heqing was appointed as the deputy director of the NPCSC Legislative Affairs Commission
Lawmakers voted to remove Liu Shaoyun from his post as President of the Military Court of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army
The full lists of appointments and removals are present on Page 2. The entire page is dedicated to the NPCSC session. Anyway, SCMP’s report on the removal of military delegates is useful. It says:
“China’s top legislature has removed nine military officials from its list of deputies ahead of Beijing’s biggest annual political meeting next week, according to state news agency Xinhua. The National People’s Congress (NPC) updated its list of deputies from the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) and People’s Armed Police delegation on Thursday, reducing the total to 243. Among the deputies removed were five full generals, one lieutenant general and three major generals. The five generals are information support force political commissar Li Wei; ground forces commander Li Qiaoming; former navy commander Shen Jinlong; former navy political commissar Qin Shengxiang; and former air force political commissar Yu Zhongfu. Also on the list were lieutenant general Wang Donghai, political commissar of the Central Military Commission’s (CMC) National Defence Mobilisation Department, and major generals Bian Ruifeng of the CMC, Ding Laifu of the ground forces and Yang Guang of the rocket force.”
Page 4: There’s a report with data about the violations of the central 8-point regulations in January. It says:
There were a total of 22,554 cases of violations that were investigated, with 28,544 people (including 9 provincial and ministerial-level officials and 148 prefectural and division-level officials) being educated, criticised or disciplined. 20,446 people received Party disciplinary or administrative sanctions.
There were 10,398 cases of formalism and bureaucratism.
There were 12,156 cases of hedonism and extravagance.
Page 7: There’s an article by the Party Committee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy. This is in the context of the revised study outline for Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy. Let’s do a deep dive into this.
The first section offers an overall assessment of the world from a Chinese perspective.
“Grasping new situations and answering new questions is the inexhaustible source of theoretical innovation. Problems are the slogan of the times. Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy is a continuously developing and open scientific system. General Secretary Xi Jinping has personally charted the course and is personally carrying it out. With a strong sense of mission and responsibility, profound strategic thinking, and a broad sentiment for all under heaven, he has observed the times and steered the trend, bravely standing at the crest of the tide, assessing new trends and answering new questions with a scientific attitude and a spirit of truth, and continuously opening up new realms in the theory of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics. 把握新形势、解答新课题是理论创新的不竭源泉问题就是时代的口号，习近平外交思想是一个不断发展的开放的科学体系。习近平总书记亲自擘画、亲力亲为，以强烈的使命担当、深邃的战略思维、博大的天下情怀察时驭势、勇立潮头，以科学的态度和真理的精神判断新趋势、回答新问题，不断开辟中国特色大国外交理论新境界.
“Keenly perceiving new changes in the development of the international situation. The profound changes unseen in a century are accelerating in their evolution, forming the historical background for the enrichment and development of Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy. At present, the chaotic aspect of the international situation has become more prominent. Peace and security face severe challenges. The 2025 Global Peace Index shows that the level of world peace has fallen to its lowest point in nearly 20 years. Hot-spot issues such as the Ukraine crisis and the Israel-Palestine conflict are dragging on without resolution; protectionism and ‘pan-securitization’ are on the rise, with tariff wars and technology wars launched by certain countries out of their own selfish interests dragging down global trade and economic growth; and the pace of human development has slowed significantly. At the same time, the changing aspect of the international landscape is developing in depth. The international balance of power is undergoing significant adjustment. The Global South’s share of global economic output exceeds 40%, and new mechanisms established by Global South countries, such as BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, are playing increasingly important roles.
General Secretary Xi Jinping has observed the overall trend, planned the overall situation, and grasped the fundamentals. On the basis of putting forward the major assessment of the profound changes unseen in a century, he has further revealed its essence and underlying laws, pointing out that the world has entered a new period of turbulence and transformation, and that the collective rise of the Global South is a distinctive hallmark of this great transformation. He has profoundly perceived the overarching thread of the evolution of the international structure, pointing out that the overall direction of human development and progress will not change, the broad logic of world history advancing through twists and turns will not change, and the general trend of the international community sharing a common destiny will not change. He has clearly opposed hegemonic, domineering, and bullying practices, emphasising that hegemonism, power politics, unilateralism, and protectionism run counter to the trend of the times, are unpopular and have little support. Like dispersing the clouds to reveal the sun, he has pointed out the direction for Chinese diplomacy to advance and guided positive expectations in the international community.” 敏锐洞察国际形势发展新变化。世界百年未有之大变局加速演进，是习近平外交思想丰富发展的时代背景。当前，国际形势乱的一面更加突出，和平与安全面临严峻挑战，《2025全球和平指数》显示世界和平水平降到近20年来最低点，乌克兰危机、巴以冲突等热点问题延宕不息；保护主义和“泛安全化”抬头，个别国家出于一己之私发动的关税战、科技战拖累全球贸易和经济增长；人类发展进程大幅放缓。世界格局变的一面深入发展，国际力量对比深刻调整，全球南方经济总量全球占比已超过40%，金砖国家、上海合作组织等全球南方国家创设的新机制发挥日益重要作用。习近平总书记观大势、谋全局、抓根本，在提出百年变局重大论断基础上，进一步揭示其本质和规律，指出世界进入新的动荡变革期，全球南方群体性崛起是世界大变局的鲜明标志；深刻洞察国际格局演进大脉络，指出人类发展进步的大方向不会改变，世界历史曲折前进的大逻辑不会改变，国际社会命运与共的大趋势不会改变；明确反对霸权霸道霸凌行径，强调霸权主义、强权政治、单边主义、保护主义违背时代潮流，不得人心、失道寡助，拨云见日地指引中国外交前进方向，引导国际社会正面预期.
“Accurately grasping the new positioning of the relationship between China and the world. ‘Only when the world is well can China be well; only when China is well can the world be even better.’ This is the underlying logic of China’s development and its relationship with the world. In the face of the grave challenges of the external environment, China has injected powerful momentum into the promotion of common development with its great resilience and abundant vitality; provided strong support for upholding international fairness and justice with its self-confidence, self-reliance, and courage and skill in struggle; and broadened the path for the vast number of developing countries to independently advance toward modernisation through the successful exploration of Chinese-style modernisation, thereby becoming a significant force for peace, development, and progress in a world of wherein turbulence and transformation are intertwined. More and more countries value the role that China plays and the opportunities it provides, hoping to understand and draw lessons from China’s governance and China’s theories. However, there are also certain forces spreading various versions of the ‘China threat theory’. 准确把握中国与世界关系新方位。“世界好，中国才能好；中国好，世界才更好。”这是中国发展同世界关系的底层逻辑。面对外部环境的严峻挑战，中国以强大韧性、充沛活力为促进共同发展注入强劲动能，以自信自立、敢斗善斗为维护国际公平正义提供有力支撑，以中国式现代化成功探索为广大发展中国家独立自主迈向现代化拓宽路径，成为变乱交织的世界中举足轻重的和平力量、发展力量、进步力量。越来越多国家看重中国作用、中国机遇，希望了解和借鉴中国之治、中国之理，但也有一些势力散布各种“中国威胁论”.
Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy profoundly reveals the historically new changes that have taken place in the relationship between China and the world: China has already become able to more proactively grasp the initiative of history and to influence the direction of world development to a greater extent; Chinese-style modernisation has shattered the myth that ‘modernisation=Westernisation’, and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has gathered unstoppable momentum; it makes clear that major country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics will enter a new stage in which it can be even more proactive, and that it must create a more favourable international environment and provide more solid strategic support for comprehensively advancing the great undertaking of building a strong nation and national rejuvenation through Chinese-style modernisation; it emphasises that the path forward cannot possibly be a smooth and plain, there will certainly be difficulties and obstacles, and one may encounter tests of high winds and rushing waves, even stormy seas. One must forge ahead with courage and face difficulties head-on with the spirit of the more perilous, the further forward, and must dare to struggle and be skilled at struggling, relying on tenacious struggle to open up new vistas for the development of the cause. The series of major assessments put forward by General Secretary Xi Jinping provides a scientific guide for us in formulating external strategies and planning external work.” 习近平外交思想深刻揭示中国同世界关系发生的历史性新变化：中国已经能够更多把握历史主动、更大程度影响世界发展方向，中国式现代化打破“现代化=西方化”的迷思，中华民族伟大复兴势不可挡；明确中国特色大国外交将进入一个可以更有作为的新阶段，要为以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业营造更有利国际环境、提供更坚实战略支撑；强调前进道路不可能一马平川，必定会有艰难险阻，可能遇到风高浪急甚至惊涛骇浪的重大考验，必须以越是艰险越向前的精神奋勇搏击、迎难而上，务必敢于斗争、善于斗争，依靠顽强斗争打开事业发展新天地。习近平总书记提出的一系列重大论断，为我们制定对外战略、谋划对外工作提供了科学指南。
“Scientifically answering new difficult problems in international relations theory. Answering major questions in international affairs is the fundamental task of international relations theory. Surveying history since modern times, traditional international relations theory clings rigidly to Western-centrism, believes in ‘the strong prey upon the weak’ and ‘zero-sum logic’, puts blind faith in the ‘law of the jungle’ and ‘clash of civilisations’, and in the face of profound changes happening at an extremely rapid pace, it cannot produce the key to resolving old contradictions and new problems, and even repeats the mistake of carrying firewood to put out a fire or drinking poisoned wine to quench thirst. Unilateralism and protectionism are clamouring and becoming increasingly rampant, neo-imperialism and neo-colonialism are running amok, and the peace deficit, development deficit, security deficit, and governance deficit are continuously deepening. The root lies in an increasingly prominent deficit of thought. The era calls for a new type of international relations theory that is at once national and global.
In the magnificent practice of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping has continuously developed Chinese theories, advocating transcending conflict and confrontation through peaceful development, replacing absolute security with common security, abandoning zero-sum games in favour of mutual benefit and win–win outcomes, preventing civilisational conflict through exchange and mutual learning, and cherishing the planet through green development. He has advocated for a new path of security that is based on dialogue rather than confrontation, partnership rather than alliance, and win-win rather than zero-sum, guiding the Belt and Road Initiative and other inclusive development platforms, promoting the construction of a more just and reasonable global governance system, finding a basic path for solving global problems, and contributing important intellectual public goods to the world.”科学解答国际关系理论新难题。回答国际事务中的重大问题，是国际关系理论的根本任务。纵观近代以来的历史，传统国际关系理论固守西方中心主义，信奉“弱肉强食”“赢者通吃”，迷信“丛林法则”“文明冲突”，面对一日千里的深刻变局拿不出破解老矛盾新问题的钥匙，甚至重蹈抱薪救火、饮鸩止渴的覆辙。单边主义、保护主义甚嚣尘上，“新帝国主义”“新殖民主义”肆意横行，和平赤字、发展赤字、安全赤字、治理赤字不断加剧，根子在于思想赤字日益突出。时代呼唤一种既是民族的又是世界的新型国际关系理论。习近平总书记在波澜壮阔的中国实践中不断发展中国理论，主张以和平发展超越冲突对抗、以共同安全取代绝对安全、以互利共赢摒弃零和博弈、以交流互鉴防止文明冲突、以绿色发展呵护地球家园，倡导走出一条对话而不对抗、结伴而不结盟、共赢而非零和的新型安全之路，指引共建“一带一路”这样包容性巨大的发展平台，推动构建更加公正合理的全球治理体系，为人类找到了解决全球性问题的基本路径，为世界贡献了重要思想公共产品。
The second section of the article says that “:Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy originates from practice and guides practice.” “It possesses profound value for the times and powerful truth force.”
“Its guiding power for the times is increasingly evident. Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy continuously deepens the understanding of the laws governing the development of human society, grasps the logic of historical advancement, and points out the direction of human progress. It holds high a banner, making clear that building a community with a shared future for mankind is where the future of the peoples of all countries lies, and is the lofty goal pursued by major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics in the new era. It draws a grand blueprint for humanity’s path toward a better future. It clarifies two major propositions: using ‘equal and orderly’ to answer the question of where multipolarity is heading, and using ‘universally beneficial and inclusive’ to correct various deviations that have emerged in the process of economic globalisation. It advocates that all countries, while developing themselves well, should also enhance global prosperity, and promote the world’s movement from intertwined transformation and turbulence toward long-term peace and stability. It has successively put forward the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative, and the Global Governance Initiative, seeking a development prospect characterised by openness and innovation, inclusiveness and mutual benefit; fostering a security architecture that is just and righteous, jointly built and shared; promoting civilisational exchange that features harmony without uniformity and all-encompassing inclusiveness; and advancing the building of a more just and reasonable global governance system. In doing so, it contributes a systematic and comprehensive Chinese solution to addressing the new challenges facing humanity. 时代引领力日益彰显。习近平外交思想不断深化对人类社会发展规律的认识，把握历史前进的逻辑，指明人类进步的方向。高举一面旗帜，明确了构建人类命运共同体是世界各国人民前途所在，是新时代中国特色大国外交追求的崇高目标，擘画了人类迈向更美好未来的愿景和路径。明确两大主张，用“平等有序”回答世界多极化向何处去，用“普惠包容”校准经济全球化过程中出现的各种偏差，倡导各国在发展好自己的同时增益世界繁荣，推动世界从变乱交织走向长治久安。相继提出全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议、全球治理倡议，谋求开放创新、包容互惠的发展前景，营造公道正义、共建共享的安全格局，促进和而不同、兼收并蓄的文明交流，推动构建更加公正合理的全球治理体系，为回应人类面临的新挑战贡献了系统全面的中国方案.
“Its moral appeal has become even more distinct.
First, the concept of seeking the great common ground has won greater popular support. The concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind has been written into UNGA resolutions for nine consecutive years. China has reached consensus on building communities of shared future with more than 30 countries, and construction of regional communities of shared future with Central Asia, ASEAN, Africa, Arab states, Latin America and the Caribbean and other regions is being steadily advanced. The joint construction of BRI has become the largest international cooperation platform in scale and coverage, with more than three-quarters of the world’s countries and more than 30 international organizations participating. The GGI, once proposed, quickly received responses from more than 150 countries and international organizations. 道义感召力更加鲜明。一是求大同的理念更得人心。构建人类命运共同体理念连续9年写入联大决议，中国同30多个国家达成命运共同体共识，同中亚、东盟、非洲、阿拉伯国家、拉美和加勒比国家等区域命运共同体建设稳步推进。共建“一带一路”成为规模最大、覆盖范围最广的国际合作平台，全球超过3/4的国家和30多个国际组织加入。全球治理倡议一经提出，迅速得到150多个国家和国际组织响应.
Second, measures undertaken to shoulder great righteousness have been widely supported. China clearly and unequivocally opposes hegemonic, domineering, and bullying practices, and in tariff wars and trade wars, it has stepped forward, rallying broad consensus against unilateralism and protectionism. Upholding an objective and impartial stance, actively urging reconciliation and promoting talks, China’s approach to resolving hot-spot issues with Chinese characteristics has received widespread praise from all sides. It has actively spoken up with righteousness on behalf of the vast developing countries, driven the correction of historical injustices, and strengthened the ‘voices of South’ within the global governance system. 二是担大义的举措广受支持。中国旗帜鲜明反对霸权霸道霸凌行径，在关税战、贸易战中挺身而出，凝聚起反对单边主义、保护主义的广泛共识。秉持客观公正立场，积极劝和促谈，中国特色热点问题解决之道广受各方赞许。积极为广大发展中国家仗义执言，推动纠正历史不公，壮大全球治理体系中的“南方声音”.
Third, the conviction of walking the great path (i.e., just and righteous path) has been highly praised. Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy, China’s diplomacy has upheld the guiding principles of ‘self-confidence and self-reliance, openness and inclusiveness, fairness and justice, cooperation and win–win.’ It is working with countries in the periphery to jointly build the ‘five great homes’ of peace, tranquility, prosperity, beauty, and friendship; working with Africa to pursue the ‘six modernisations’; working with Arab states to build the ‘five cooperation patterns’; working to advance the joint building of the China–Latin America community of shared future through the five programs’; granted zero-tariff treatment on 100% of tariff lines to the least developed countries that have diplomatic relations with China; and working to promote the implementation of zero-tariff measures on 100 percent of tariff lines for 53 African countries with diplomatic ties with China, thereby winning deep international moral support. Observers believe that Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions have become a guiding light directing the world toward steady progress, and have made important contributions to the cause of global peace and development. 三是行大道的信念备受赞誉。习近平外交思想指引中国外交秉持“自信自立、开放包容、公道正义、合作共赢”的方针原则，同周边国家共建和平、安宁、繁荣、美丽、友好“五大家园”，同非洲共逐“六个现代化”，构建中阿“五大合作格局”，推进共建中拉命运共同体“五大工程”，给予建交的最不发达国家100%税目产品零关税待遇，推动落实对53个非洲建交国100%税目产品零关税举措，深得国际道义人心。观察人士认为，中国智慧、中国方案成为指引世界稳定前行的一盏明灯，为促进全球和平发展事业作出重要贡献.
“Its practical guiding force is even more majestic and powerful. Under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy, China’s diplomacy has forged ahead with determination and overcome difficulties, creating a more favourable international environment and providing firmer strategic support for the great undertaking of building a strong country and achieving national rejuvenation. We have comprehensively expanded the global partnership network. The total number of countries with which China has established diplomatic relations has increased to 183, and China has become a major trading partner of more than 150 countries and regions. Serving high-quality domestic development, China has signed 23 free trade agreements with 30 countries and regions. Up to now, it has implemented unilateral visa-free entry for 50 countries and transit visa-free policies for 55 countries. In the first three quarters of 2025, the number of foreign nationals entering visa-free exceeded 20 million. Leading the reform and improvement of the global governance system, China has worked with more than 30 countries to jointly establish the International Organization for Mediation, and has proposed the establishment of a World Artificial Intelligence Cooperation Organization, filling institutional gaps in governance fields. It has firmly shouldered people-centered diplomacy, promoting cooperation with relevant countries to combat transnational crimes, especially telecom and online fraud, successfully rescuing a number of trapped individuals, and repatriating or persuading tens of thousands of fraud-related criminal suspects to return. Facing tests of high winds and surging waves, even stormy seas, the diplomatic corps has kept firmly in mind the important requirements put forward by General Secretary Xi Jinping, striving to be steadfast practitioners who are loyal to the Party, courageous pioneers who are opening new ground, defenders of national interests, and promoters of comprehensive and strict Party governance, forging an iron diplomatic force capable of bearing the heavy responsibility of national rejuvenation. 实践指导力更为磅礴。在习近平外交思想指引下，中国外交砥砺奋进、攻坚克难，为强国建设、民族复兴伟业营造更有利国际环境、提供更坚实战略支撑。我们全面拓展全球伙伴关系网络，建交国总数增加到183个，成为150多个国家和地区的主要贸易伙伴。服务国内高质量发展，同30个国家和地区签署23个自贸协定，迄今已对50国实施单方面免签、对55国实施过境免签，2025年前三季度免签入境外国人超过2000万。引领全球治理体系改革完善，会同30多个国家共同成立国际调解院，倡议成立世界人工智能合作组织，填补治理领域机制空白。把外交为民牢牢扛在肩上，推动有关国家合作打击跨国犯罪特别是电信网络诈骗，成功解救一批被困人员，遣返劝返数万名涉诈犯罪嫌疑人。面对风高浪急甚至惊涛骇浪的考验，外交队伍牢记习近平总书记提出的重要要求，努力做对党忠诚的笃行者、奋勇开拓的创业者、国家利益的捍卫者、全面从严治党的推进者，锻造堪当民族复兴重任的外交铁军.
The final section is much more theory-oriented. It argues that:
Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy integrates Marxism with China’s specific realities and Marxism with China’s excellent traditional culture. It also “uses the arrow of Sinicized and contemporised Marxism to shoot at the target of the concrete realities of diplomatic work.”
It upholds fundamental principles while pursuing innovation.
It adheres to self-confidence and self-reliance. Diplomatic work, as an important component of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, must take firm confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture as the source of strength and the foundation of belief for carrying out foreign affairs work. Independence and self-reliance are the premise and foundation for China to demonstrate the responsibility of a major country on the international stage. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasised: ‘We must always place the development of the country and the nation on the basis of our own strength’; ‘China’s problems must be based on China’s basic national conditions’; and ‘China’s affairs must be decided and handled by the Chinese people themselves.’ Facing great struggles, General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasised: Any risks and challenges that endanger our core interests and major principles, any risks and challenges that endanger the fundamental interests of our people, any risks and challenges that endanger our realisation of the ‘two centenary goals’ and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation—whenever they come, we must carry out resolute struggle, without the slightest wavering, without the slightest retreat, until victory is achieved.’ Under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy, China’s diplomacy in the new era adheres to socialism with Chinese characteristics as its foundation, strengthens strategic confidence, persists in the unremitting pursuit of the lofty goal of building a community with a shared future for mankind, and firmly safeguards national sovereignty, security, and development interests, thereby fully embodying the will of the country, national spirit, and international image of China in the new era.” 坚持自信自立。自信是中国共产党素有的精神气度，自立是我们立党立国的重要原则。外交工作作为中国特色社会主义事业的重要组成部分，要将坚定道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信作为开展对外工作的力量之源和信念之基。独立自主是中国在国际舞台上体现大国担当的前提和基础。习近平总书记强调：“坚持把国家和民族发展放在自己力量的基点上”“中国的问题必须从中国基本国情出发”“中国的事情必须由中国人民自己作主张、自己来处理”。面对伟大斗争，习近平总书记强调：“凡是危害我国核心利益和重大原则的各种风险挑战，凡是危害我国人民根本利益的各种风险挑战，凡是危害我国实现‘两个一百年’奋斗目标、实现中华民族伟大复兴的各种风险挑战，只要来了，我们就必须进行坚决斗争，毫不动摇，毫不退缩，直至取得胜利。”在习近平外交思想指引下，新时代中国外交坚持以中国特色社会主义为根本，增强战略自信，坚持对构建人类命运共同体崇高目标的不懈追求，坚定维护国家主权、安全、发展利益，充分体现了新时代中国的国家意志、民族精神和国际形象. (Note: This logic underscores why it is going to be extremely difficult politically and from the perspective of broader global objectives for Beijing to succumb to American pressure, particularly on trade and technology.)
“Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy adheres to systems thinking and scientific methods, continuously strengthening the overall planning, systematic integration, and coordinated efficiency of foreign work in the new era.” 习近平外交思想坚持系统思维科学方法，使新时代对外工作的整体谋划、系统集成、协同高效不断增强. The idea here is that it implies greater central and greater Party control along with better coordination with regard to foreign policy.
“Always keep the whole world in mind. Upholding a global vision is both a historical experience from the Party’s more than 100 years of struggle and a standpoint, viewpoint, and method that must be grasped well in advancing theoretical innovation. Every step of innovation in Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy upholds the broad world-minded sentiment of Communists and reflects China’s responsibility and commitment as a major country. Under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy, China’s diplomacy follows the great path and upholds justice, works concretely to safeguard world peace and development, and takes the lead in promoting the progress of human civilization. It actively plays its role as a permanent member of the UNSC, as the permanent member that has dispatched the largest number of peacekeeping personnel; it actively promotes political solutions to hotspot issues, calling for mediation in the Ukraine crisis and the Israel–Palestine conflict, successfully facilitating reconciliation between Saudi Arabia and Iran, and dialogue between Cambodia and Thailand; it firmly opposes decoupling and the severing of supply chains, and the building of walls and barriers, safeguarding the security, stability, and smooth flow of global industrial and supply chains; it responds to climate change with concrete actions and leads green development. Seeking progress for humanity and great harmony for the world, China’s diplomacy practices the lofty aspirations and original mission of a major Party and major country, demonstrating a broad vision and moral integrity that both carries forward and transcends traditional major power diplomacy. 始终胸怀天下。坚持胸怀天下是党百余年奋斗的历史经验，也是推进理论创新必须把握好的立场观点方法。习近平外交思想的每一步创新，都秉持共产党人宽广的世界情怀，体现中国作为大国的责任担当。在习近平外交思想指引下，中国外交行大道、担正义，维护世界和平与发展干在实处，推动人类文明进步走在前列。积极发挥联合国安理会常任理事国作用，成为派出维和人员最多的安理会常任理事国；积极推动热点问题政治解决，为斡旋乌克兰危机和巴以冲突奔走呼吁，成功促成沙特同伊朗和解、柬埔寨同泰国对话；坚决反对脱钩断链、筑墙设垒，维护全球产业链供应链安全稳定畅通；以实际行动应对气候变化，引领绿色发展。为人类谋进步、为世界谋大同，中国外交践行大党大国的崇高追求和初心情怀，展现对传统大国外交扬弃超越的宽广胸怀和浩然正气.
Finally, it says that Chinese diplomacy is “people-centered diplomacy”. The article argues that Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy “persists in taking the people’s dreams as our own dreams, guiding foreign affairs work to actively serve high-quality domestic development and high-level opening up, creating a favourable external environment and securing greater understanding and support for the realisation of the second centenary goal. Persists in taking the people’s friendship as a bridge, giving full play to the unique role of people-to-people diplomacy, moving others with sincerity, warming others with heart, and stirring others with emotion, so that the Chinese and foreigners become closer and identify more mutually, allowing the trickling streams of people’s friendship to converge into a powerful force promoting world peace and development.” 坚持以人民的梦想为梦想，指引外交工作积极服务国内高质量发展和高水平对外开放，为实现第二个百年奋斗目标营造良好外部环境、争取更多理解支持。坚持以人民的友谊为桥梁，发挥民间外交独特作用，以诚感人、以心暖人、以情动人，使中外人民彼此更亲近更认同，让人民友好的涓涓细流汇聚成促进世界和平发展的强大力量. (Note: Think of this particular desire and then perhaps the easing of Wolf Warriorism makes sense.)