NDRC Chief Calls to Build Fortress Economy Amid Era of Great Power Competition

In today’s edition, I am sharing a piece by NDRC chief Zheng Shanjie on enhancing the capacity to safeguard national economic security and securing the new development pattern through a new security pattern. This is a significant article for several reasons.

First, I must appreciate the clarity of the strategic assessment that Zheng Shanjie provides. In just three paragraphs in the second section of the article, he very clearly outlines a broad outlook of risks and opportunities. One can disagree with the eventual takeaways and prescriptions, but the factors that he takes into account to think through the turbulence in China’s external environment are comprehensive. It’s quite a grave scenario that Zheng outlines: one where great power competition is going to be the norm, conflict will likely be more frequent, countries that are resource-rich will tighten policies, energy competition will intensify and industrial chains, supply chains, and transport corridors will be disrupted.

Second, Zheng’s broad policy guideline in this environment is that China must move towards building what I’d call a fortress economy. He says this fairly clearly and upfront when he calls to coordinate development as the ‘primary task’ (第一要务) and security as the ‘overriding concern/priority’ (头等大事).

Third, in terms of his proposals for boosting security while pursuing growth, the first point is about managing China’s own affairs well. Again, I think this focus on prioritising economic policies at home is something that is worth noting. The primary impulse in Beijing is not of getting engaged in geopolitical intrigue or turmoil far away from one’s shores. But to mitigate impacts while focussing on domestic policy in order to maintain development trajectory.

Fourth, drawing on the assessment that competition, conflict and disruptions will impact China’s development trajectory, Zheng calls to “enhance the resilience and shock-resistance capacity of economic security.” In this regard, his basic point is to boost supplies and reserves of grain, energy, and resources, breakthroughs in mineral exploration, expand China–Russia oil and gas cooperation, accelerate scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, specifically in key areas such as integrated circuits, industrial mother machines, high-end instruments, basic software, advanced materials, and bio-manufacturing.

Fifth, again as great power competition intensifies, Zheng emphasises the need to “improve mechanisms for countering sanctions, countering interference, and countering ‘long-arm jurisdiction’, and prevent and respond to extreme external containment and suppression against China. Strengthen trade risk prevention and control; improve export control and security review mechanisms; and protect the lawful rights and interests of foreign investment in accordance with the law.” This is important. Anyone who believes that Beijing perceives US policy under Donald Trump as accommodative and potentially moving towards a G2 is mistaken. The Chinese leadership is clear; it needs more firepower to compete with American economic coercion. And as it builds and exercises this firepower, other countries and their enterprises will feel the pain.

Sixth, I thought this bit on BRI investments was important: “adhere to ‘not going to dangerous places, not going to unstable places, and not investing in dangerous/risky industries’ (危地不往、乱地不去、危业不投). It appears that there is fresh thinking on recalibrating overseas risk exposure. A cursory search show that this phrase has been part of policy guidance and Ministry of Commerce reports for a couple of years, particularly since late 2023. I would assume, however, that Zheng referencing it here raises this as an imperative. It would be worth noting if this becomes a bit of a mantra that is raised at a higher level now to frame outward investment and engagement.

Finally, there are a whole set of areas where one is likely to see regulatory and legislative action from a security perspective, such as cyber, AI, bio-security, and low-altitude economy.

Here’s the full piece below:

“Since the 18th Party Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping, from the strategic height of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, has creatively put forward the Overall National Security Concept and made a series of important expositions, emphasising that ‘development and security must be coordinated’, and that it is necessary to ‘accelerate the modernisation of the national security system and capacity, using a new security pattern to guarantee a new development pattern’. This has provided the fundamental guidance for advancing the construction of our economic security safeguarding capabilities. In accordance with the deployment of the Party Central Committee, the outline of the 15th FYP has established the coordination of development and security as a major principle that must be followed in promoting economic and social development, and has made major deployments for strengthening the national security system and capability building and safeguarding national economic security. Facing a more complex and severe external environment and more arduous and onerous domestic tasks of reform, development, and stability, it is necessary to deeply practice the Overall National Security Concept, properly coordinate development as the ‘primary task’ (第一要务) and security as the ‘overriding concern/priority’ (头等大事), promote the comprehensive enhancement of national economic security safeguarding capacity, and use a new security pattern to guarantee a new development pattern.” 党的十八大以来，习近平总书记从新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的战略高度，创造性提出总体国家安全观并作出系列重要论述，强调“要统筹发展和安全”“加快推进国家安全体系和能力现代化，以新安全格局保障新发展格局”，这为我们推进经济安全保障能力建设提供了根本遵循。按照党中央部署，“十五五”规划纲要将坚持统筹发展和安全作为推动经济社会发展必须遵循的重大原则，对加强国家安全体系和能力建设、保障国家经济安全作出重大部署。面对更加复杂严峻的外部环境和更加艰巨繁重的国内改革发展稳定任务，必须深入践行总体国家安全观，统筹好发展这个“第一要务”与安全这个“头等大事”，推动国家经济安全保障能力全面提升，以新安全格局保障新发展格局.

Since the 14th FYP period, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has united and led the entire Party and all ethnic groups across the nation in vigorously promoting high-quality economic and social development. The total economic volume has reached a new level of 140 trillion yuan, new-quality productive forces have developed steadily, and the economy has continuously maintained a trend toward new and improved development, with substantial development achievements steadily consolidating the material foundation of national security. At the same time, the modernization of the national security system and capacity has been continuously advanced, support has been given to building security capacity in key areas, and the construction of a reserve system befitting a major country has been accelerated. A series of major risks and challenges have been effectively addressed, shaping a favourable security environment for economic and social development. “十四五”以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央团结带领全党全国各族人民，着力推动经济社会高质量发展，经济总量迈上140万亿元新台阶，新质生产力稳步发展，经济持续保持向新向优发展态势，以沉甸甸的发展成果持续夯实国家安全的实力基础。同时，持续推进国家安全体系和能力现代化，支持重点领域安全能力建设，加快建设大国储备体系，一系列重大风险挑战得到有效应对，为经济社会发展塑造了有利的安全环境.

First, adhering to ‘storing grain in the land and storing grain in technology’, the foundation of food security has become more solid. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasised that the Chinese people’s rice bowl must be firmly held in their own hands at all times. We have thoroughly implemented the national food security strategy of ‘taking ourselves as the mainstay/pursuing self-reliance, basing ourselves domestically. ensuring production capacity, allowing moderate imports, and relying on science and technology support’, and have continuously improved comprehensive grain production capacity. China’s grain production has developed steadily, with sufficient market supply, stable operations, and smooth circulation. Through the integrated planning and implementation of ‘two major’ projects, ultra-large irrigation districts of tens of millions of mu, such as Dujiangyan in Sichuan and Hetao in Inner Mongolia, have undergone modernisation, accelerating the construction of contiguous grain production bases. We have firmly guarded the red line of 1.8 billion mu of arable land, cumulatively built over 1 billion mu of high-standard farmland, with national irrigated arable land area exceeding 1.09 billion mu. The contribution rate of agricultural science and technology progress, the coverage rate of improved crop varieties, and the comprehensive mechanisation rate of crop plowing, planting, and harvesting have exceeded 64%, 96%, and 76% respectively. China’s total grain output has stood firmly above 1.4 trillion jin for two consecutive years, with per capita grain availability reaching over 500 kilograms, higher than the internationally recognised food security line of 400 kilograms, achieving basic self-sufficiency in cereals and absolute security in staple grains. 一是坚持“藏粮于地、藏粮于技”，粮食安全基础更加稳固。习近平总书记强调，中国人的饭碗任何时候都要牢牢端在自己手上。我们深入落实“以我为主、立足国内、确保产能、适度进口、科技支撑”的国家粮食安全战略，不断提高粮食综合生产能力，我国粮食生产稳步发展，市场供应充足、运行平稳、流通顺畅。通过“两重”建设整装谋划实施四川都江堰、内蒙古河套等千万亩级特大型灌区现代化改造，加快构建集中连片粮食生产基地。牢牢守住18亿亩耕地红线，累计建成高标准农田超10亿亩，全国耕地灌溉面积超过10.9亿亩，农业科技进步贡献率、农作物良种覆盖率、农作物耕种收综合机械化率分别超过64%、96%、76%。我国粮食总产量连续两年站稳1.4万亿斤，人均粮食占有量达到500多公斤，高于国际公认的400公斤的粮食安全线，做到了谷物基本自给、口粮绝对安全.

Second, advancing the integrated coordination and linkage of exploration, production, supply, storage, and sales, energy and resource security guarantees have been continuously strengthened. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized the need to coordinate development and security and enhance security guarantees in key areas such as energy and resources. We have firmly implemented the new energy security strategy of ‘four revolutions and one cooperation’, improved the coordinated system linking exploration, production, supply, storage, and sales of strategic mineral resources, and effectively safeguarded energy and resource security. Total primary energy production has exceeded 5 billion tons of standard coal, with the energy self-sufficiency rate maintained above 80%. Coal supply quality has continuously improved, crude oil production has stabilised at the level of 200 million tons, and natural gas production has increased by over 10 billion cubic meters for nine consecutive years. The world’s largest clean and low-carbon energy system has been built, with renewable energy installed power generation capacity accounting for over 60%. Hydropower, wind power, and solar power generation installed capacities all rank firmly first in the world, with non-fossil energy consumption accounting for 21.7%. New breakthroughs have been made in increasing reserves and production of strategic mineral resources, and a number of landmark mining projects are being steadily advanced. The national reserve system has been continuously improved, and overall reserve strength has been continuously enhanced. High-quality co-construction of BRI has been advanced, and energy and resource cooperation has been continuously deepened. 二是推进探产供储销统筹和衔接，能源资源安全保障不断加强。习近平总书记强调，要坚持统筹发展和安全，提升能源资源等重点领域安全保障能力。我们坚定落实“四个革命、一个合作”能源安全新战略，完善战略性矿产资源探产供储销统筹和衔接体系，能源资源安全得到有效保障。一次能源生产总量突破50亿吨标准煤，能源自给率保持在80%以上，煤炭供给质量持续提升，原油产量稳定在2亿吨水平，天然气连续9年增产超百亿立方米。建成全球最大的清洁低碳能源体系，可再生能源发电装机占比超过60%，水电、风电、太阳能发电装机规模均稳居世界第一，非化石能源消费占比达到21.7%。战略性矿产资源增储上产取得新突破，一批标志性矿山项目建设稳步推进。国家储备体系不断完善，储备整体实力持续增强。高质量共建“一带一路”，能源资源合作不断深化.

Third, focusing on stabilising, strengthening, supplementing, and extending industrial chains, the resilience and security level of industrial and supply chains have steadily improved. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasised that industrial chains and supply chains must not break at critical moments; this is an important characteristic that a major country’s economy must possess. We have advanced the construction of a modern industrial system, strengthened key core technology research, and maintained smooth operation in key industries and critical areas. China possesses a complete manufacturing system with significant supporting advantages; the scale of manufacturing value-added has ranked first globally for 16 consecutive years. The world’s largest high-speed railway and expressway networks have been built, and major achievements have been made in infrastructure such as airports, ports, water conservancy, energy, and information. New breakthroughs have been made in independent chip research and development; bio-manufacturing and robotics research and applications are at the world’s forefront; the low-altitude economy industrial ecosystem has been continuously improved; and BeiDou large-scale applications have been comprehensively expanded. The proportion of core digital economy industries’ value added in GDP has risen to above 10.5%, and the data security governance system has been continuously improved. The AI+ initiative has been implemented, promoting the broad and deep integration of AI with all industries and fields of economy and society. 三是着力稳链强链、补链延链，产业链供应链韧性和安全水平稳步提升。习近平总书记强调，产业链、供应链在关键时刻不能掉链子，这是大国经济必须具备的重要特征。我们推进现代化产业体系建设，加强关键核心技术攻关，重点产业和关键领域保持平稳运行。我国制造业体系完备、配套优势显著，制造业增加值规模连续16年保持全球第一。建成世界最大的高速铁路网、高速公路网，机场港口、水利、能源、信息等基础设施建设取得重大成就。芯片自主研发取得新突破，生物制造、机器人等研发应用走在世界前列，低空经济产业生态不断完善，北斗规模应用全面拓展。数字经济核心产业增加值占国内生产总值的比重提高到10.5%以上，数据安全治理体系不断完善。实施“人工智能+”行动，推动人工智能与经济社会各行业各领域广泛深度融合.

Fourth, implementing various measures to ensure security and protect stability, risks in key areas have been effectively and forcefully prevented and controlled. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasised the need to maintain bottom-line thinking and focus on preventing and resolving major risks. We have fully practiced the principle of taking the people’s security as the purpose, earnestly safeguarding the interests of the people, and resolutely guarding the bottom line against risks. Per capita disposable income of residents has grown at an average annual rate of 5.4%, cumulative new urban employment has exceeded 60 million, and the urban-rural income ratio has narrowed to 2.31. The world’s largest education system, social security system, and healthcare system have been built. Solid efforts have been made to consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation and effectively connect them with rural revitalization. A comprehensive debt resolution plan has been formulated and implemented, local government implicit debts have been replaced in an orderly manner, real estate enterprise risks have been prudently handled, work on ensuring housing delivery, protecting people’s livelihoods, and maintaining stability has been steadily advanced, and the reform and risk resolution of small and medium-sized financial institutions have achieved notable results. 四是落实保安全、护稳定各项措施，重点领域风险得到有力有效防控。习近平总书记强调，要坚持底线思维，着力防范化解重大风险。我们全面践行以人民安全为宗旨，切实保障人民群众利益，坚决守牢风险底线。居民人均可支配收入年均增长5.4%，城镇新增就业累计超过6000万人，城乡居民收入比缩小至2.31。建成世界上规模最大的教育体系、社会保障体系和医疗卫生体系。扎实做好巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接。制定实施一揽子化债方案，地方政府隐性债务有序置换，稳妥处置房企风险，保交楼保民生保稳定工作稳步推进，中小金融机构改革化险成效明显.

The next section looks forward and it is important.

“The internal and external environment facing China’s economic security during the 15th FYP period is more complex and severe

At present, major power relations are driving changes in the international situation, and the evolution of the international situation profoundly impacts domestic development and security. China’s development has entered a period in which strategic opportunities coexist with risks and challenges, and uncertain and unpredictable factors are increasing. We must, in accordance with the decision-making and deployment of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, accurately grasp the historical position in which China’s development finds itself during the 15th FYP period, and deeply recognise the challenges and opportunities facing national economic security. “十五五”时期我国经济安全面临的内外部环境更加复杂严峻当前，大国关系牵动国际形势，国际形势演变深刻影响国内发展和安全，我国发展进入战略机遇和风险挑战并存、不确定难预料因素增多的时期。我们要按照党中央和国务院决策部署，准确把握“十五五”时期我国发展所处的历史方位，深刻认识国家经济安全面临的挑战和机遇.

From the international perspective, unstable and uncertain factors in the external environment are increasing. The once-in-a-century changes of the world are accelerating in their evolution. The profound global shifts unseen in a century are accelerating in their evolution, the global political and economic landscape is undergoing profound adjustment, transformation and turmoil are intertwined, geopolitical conflicts are frequent and prone to occur, and the global economy lacks sufficient momentum for growth. Unilateralism and protectionism are on the rise, the threats of hegemonism and power politics are increasing, certain countries are are indiscriminately imposing tariff measures, instances of ‘building walls and erecting barriers’ and ‘decoupling and breaking chains’ are increasing, economic globalisation is encountering headwinds, and international economic and trade rules and order are facing severe challenges. Resource-holding countries’ mining policies are tending toward tightening, competition for energy and critical minerals is becoming more intense, and the recent obstruction of shipping in the Strait of Hormuz has further highlighted the vulnerability of global industrial chains, supply chains, and transport corridors. A new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating in its breakthroughs. Emerging technologies such as AI, big data, cloud computing, quantum information, and biotechnology are developing rapidly, and are profoundly changing modes of production, organisational structures, and the pattern of international division of labour. 从国际看，外部环境不稳定不确定因素增多。世界百年变局加速演进，全球政治经济格局深刻调整，变革动乱相互交织，地缘冲突多发易发，世界经济增长动能不足。单边主义、保护主义抬头，霸权主义和强权政治威胁上升，个别国家滥施关税措施，“筑墙设垒”“脱钩断链”增多，经济全球化遭遇逆流，国际经济贸易规则和秩序受到严峻挑战。资源国矿业政策趋于收紧，能源、关键矿产竞争更趋激烈，近期霍尔木兹海峡航运受阻，进一步凸显了全球产业链供应链及运输通道的脆弱性。新一轮科技革命和产业变革加速突破，人工智能、大数据、云计算、量子信息、生物科技等新兴技术快速发展，正在深刻改变生产方式、组织结构和国际分工格局.

From the domestic perspective, coordinating development and security faces challenges. Cyclical, structural, and institutional problems are intertwined; the task of transitioning between old and new growth drivers is arduous; effective demand is insufficient; the contradiction of strong supply and weak demand is prominent; and there are bottlenecks and blockages in the domestic circulation. There are still weak links in the security of primary products such as grain, energy, and resources; some varieties have a relatively high reliance on external procurement and are easily affected by tensions in global supply chains. Access to technology in some key fields is restricted; in important links such as core components, key basic materials, and high-end equipment, there remain ‘chokepoint’ risks. Security regulation of new technologies and new forms of business such as AI still needs to be improved; risks such as data leaks, deep fakes, and cyberattacks cannot be ignored. Pressure on employment and the growth of residents’ incomes is relatively high; and the tasks of preventing and resolving risks in real estate, local government debt, and small and medium-sized financial institutions are heavy. 从国内看，统筹发展和安全面临挑战。周期性、结构性、体制性问题相互交织，新旧动能转换任务艰巨，有效需求不足，供强需弱矛盾突出，国内大循环存在卡点堵点。粮食、能源资源等初级产品保障仍然存在一些薄弱环节，部分品种外采率较高，容易受到全球供应链紧张的影响。部分关键领域技术获取受限，核心零部件、关键基础材料、高端装备等重要环节仍存在“卡脖子”风险。人工智能等新技术新业态安全监管仍需健全完善，数据泄露、深度伪造、网络攻击等安全风险不容忽视。就业和居民收入增长压力较大，防范化解房地产、地方政府债务、中小金融机构等风险任务繁重.

At the same time, we must also see that there are many favourable conditions for consolidating security through development and pursuing development through security. The global balance of power is undergoing profound shifts; the overarching trends of world multipolarity and economic globalisation are irreversible; and China’s international influence, appeal, and capacity to shape global affairs are steadily rising, which will provide the space and opportunities to further expand high-level opening up to the outside world and to facilitate the smooth functioning of the domestic and international ‘dual circulation’ strategy. China possesses the institutional advantages of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the advantages of an ultra-large-scale market, the advantages of a complete industrial system, and the advantages of abundant talent resources. Its economic foundation is stable, its advantages are numerous, its resilience is strong, and its potential is great. The supporting conditions and fundamental trend of long-term positive development have not changed. The process of modernising China’s national security system and capacity is accelerating; a centralised, unified, efficient, and authoritative national security leadership system and working mechanisms have been established; a national security legal system, strategic system, and policy system have taken initial shape; a risk monitoring and early warning system covering all fields and operating at multiple levels, along with a comprehensive security emergency framework, is beginning to take shape; the ‘two major’ construction is driving the continuous strengthening of security capacity in key areas such as the economy, and will provide solid guarantees for comprehensively building a modern socialist country. 同时也要看到，在发展中固安全、在安全中谋发展有诸多有利条件。国际力量对比深刻调整，世界多极化、经济全球化大势不可逆转，我国国际影响力、感召力、塑造力不断提升，将为我进一步扩大高水平对外开放、畅通国内国际双循环提供空间和机遇。我国具有中国特色社会主义制度优势、超大规模市场优势、完整产业体系优势、丰富人才资源优势，经济基础稳、优势多、韧性强、潜力大，长期向好的支撑条件和基本趋势没有改变。我国国家安全体系和能力现代化建设进程加快，建立集中统一、高效权威的国家安全领导体制和工作机制，初步形成国家安全法律体系、战略体系和政策体系，全领域覆盖、多层级运转的风险监测预警体系和大安全应急框架初具雏形，“两重”建设推动经济等各重点领域安全能力不断加强，将为全面建设社会主义现代化国家提供坚实保障.

In the final section, Zheng outlines four key tasks for building capacity for safeguarding economic security. But he begins with this:

“We must deeply study and comprehend Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, especially Xi Jinping Economic Thought, fully implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s series of important expositions, and, in accordance with the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, deeply practice the Overall National Security Concept, fully implement the national security responsibility system of Party committees (Party groups), and with a strong sense of responsibility and commitment, advance the building of the national economic security system and capabilities. We must both promote high-level security through high-quality development and safeguard high-quality development through high-level security, advancing the modernisation of the national security system and capabilities. 我们要深入学习领会习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想特别是习近平经济思想，全面贯彻习近平总书记系列重要论述精神，按照党中央和国务院决策部署，深入践行总体国家安全观，全面落实党委（党组）国家安全责任制，以强烈的责任担当推进国家经济安全体系和能力建设，既以高质量发展促进高水平安全，又以高水平安全保障高质量发展，推进国家安全体系和能力现代化.

First, standing firmly on national economic security, steadfastly manage our own affairs well. Focusing on economic construction as the central task and high-quality development as the primary mission, we must implement the new development concept throughout the entire process and all fields of economic and social development, use the methods of reform to break through the blockages and bottlenecks in the economic circulation, continuously stimulate and release the endogenous driving force of economic growth, and constantly improve the quality and efficiency of development. Adhering to seeking progress while maintaining stability and improving quality while increasing efficiency, implement more proactive and effective macroeconomic policies, enhance the foresight, targeting, and synergy of policies, intensify the strength of counter-cyclical and cross-cyclical adjustment, and continuously stabilise growth, employment, and expectations. We must enhance the consistency and effectiveness of the orientation of macroeconomic policies, strengthen macroeconomic policy coordination, continuously amplify the effect of the ‘combination punch’, improve the expectation management mechanism, conduct effective publicity and interpretation of the economic situation and policies, and tangibly enhance the efficacy of macroeconomic governance. 一是立足国家经济安全扎实办好自己的事。聚焦经济建设这一中心工作和高质量发展这一首要任务，把新发展理念贯彻到经济社会发展全过程和各领域，用改革的办法打通经济循环的卡点堵点，持续激发和释放经济增长内生动力，不断提高发展质量和效益。坚持稳中求进、提质增效，实施更加积极有为的宏观政策，增强政策前瞻性针对性协同性，加大逆周期和跨周期调节力度，持续稳增长、稳就业、稳预期。增强宏观政策取向一致性和有效性，加强宏观政策协同，持续放大“组合拳”效应，健全预期管理机制，做好经济形势和政策宣传解读，切实提升宏观经济治理效能.

Second, enhance the resilience and shock-resistance capacity of economic security. Further strengthen the supply of primary products such as grain, energy, and resources; intensify the implementation of a new round of action to raise grain production capacity by 100 billion jin, and a new round of strategic action for breakthroughs in mineral exploration; promote increases in oil and gas reserves and production; strengthen the bottom-line guarantee role of coal and coal-fired power; accelerate the construction of a major-country reserve system; continuously replenish the reserve base; continue to expand China–Russia oil and gas cooperation; and ensure the security of important industrial and supply chains, major infrastructure, and key strategic channels. Accelerate high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, strengthen original innovation and key core technology research, and drive the full-chain research on key core technologies in key fields such as integrated circuits, industrial mother machines, high-end instruments, basic software, advanced materials, and bio-manufacturing to achieve decisive breakthroughs. Improve the capability to prevent and resolve risks in key areas; coordinate and advance the orderly resolution of risks in real estate, local government debt, and small and medium-sized financial institutions; and promote the healthy development of the platform economy. Implement the employment-first policy well, ensure stable employment for key groups, promote continuous income growth for residents, narrow the income distribution gap, improve the layered and categorized social assistance system, and weave a tight and firm social security net. 二是提升经济安全韧性和抗冲击能力。进一步加强粮食、能源资源等初级产品保障，加力实施新一轮千亿斤粮食产能提升行动、新一轮找矿突破战略行动，推进油气增储上产，强化煤炭煤电兜底保障作用，加快构建大国储备体系，不断充实储备家底，持续拓展中俄油气合作，确保重要产业链供应链、重大基础设施、重要战略通道安全。加快高水平科技自立自强，加强原始创新和关键核心技术攻关，全链条推动集成电路、工业母机、高端仪器、基础软件、先进材料、生物制造等重点领域关键核心技术攻关取得决定性突破。提高防范化解重点领域风险能力，统筹推进房地产、地方政府债务、中小金融机构等风险有序化解，推动平台经济健康发展。落实好就业优先政策，确保重点群体就业稳定，促进居民持续增收，缩小收入分配差距，健全分层分类的社会救助体系，织密织牢社会保障网.

Third, improve the economic security risk prevention and control system. Establish bottom-line thinking and risk awareness; achieve the state of thinking of danger in times of safety and preparing for rain before it comes; scientifically foresee the development trends of situations and the risks and challenges hidden within them, and fight well the overall and proactive battle for safeguarding national economic security. Strengthen macroeconomic monitoring, forecasting, and early warning; enhance dynamic monitoring and real-time warning capabilities; and promptly study and handle incipient, tendentious, and latent problems. Improve mechanisms for countering sanctions, countering interference, and countering ‘long-arm jurisdiction’, and prevent and respond to extreme external containment and suppression against China. Strengthen trade risk prevention and control; improve export control and security review mechanisms; and protect the lawful rights and interests of foreign investment in accordance with the law. Adhere to ‘not going to dangerous places, not going to unstable places, and not investing in dangerous/risky industries’ (危地不往、乱地不去、危业不投); continuously strengthen the protection of overseas interests and risk prevention and control; establish and improve coordination mechanisms for peripheral security work; improve the security guarantee system for the joint construction of BRI; and effectively safeguard the safety and legitimate rights and interests of Chinese citizens, organizations, and institutions overseas. 三是完善经济安全风险防控体系。树立底线思维和风险意识，做到居安思危、未雨绸缪，科学预见形势发展走势和隐藏其中的风险挑战，打好维护国家经济安全的总体战、主动战。加强宏观经济监测预测预警，提升动态监测、实时预警能力和水平，及时研究处置苗头性、倾向性、潜在性问题。健全反制裁、反干涉、反“长臂管辖”机制，防范反击外部对我极端遏制打压。加强贸易风险防控，完善出口管制和安全审查机制，依法保护外商投资权益。坚持“危地不往、乱地不去、危业不投”，不断强化海外利益保护和风险防控，建立健全周边安全工作协调机制，完善共建“一带一路”安全保障体系，切实维护我国海外公民、组织、机构安全和正当权益.

Fourth, strengthen security governance in emerging fields. Improve the cybersecurity strategy, deepen comprehensive governance of cyberspace, and protect critical information infrastructure from attack, intrusion, interference, and destruction. Strengthen classified and graded data protection, and promote and regulate cross-border data flows. Promote the safe and healthy development of the low-altitude economy in accordance with local conditions, and strengthen the management and control of unmanned aerial vehicles. Improve the biosecurity risk prevention and control system, and strengthen the safety management of biotechnology research, development, and application activities. Improve AI-related laws and regulations, policy systems, application standards, and ethical guidelines. Comprehensively address the impacts of new technology development on employment and social governance. Advance the building of security capabilities in model algorithms, data resources, infrastructure, and application systems. Deepen international cooperation on AI, and earnestly safeguard national security interests in the process of opening up to the outside world. 四是加强新兴领域安全治理。完善网络安全战略，深化网络空间综合治理，保护关键信息基础设施免受攻击、侵入、干扰和破坏。强化数据分类分级保护，促进和规范数据跨境流动。因地制宜推动低空经济安全健康发展，加强无人驾驶航空器管控。完善生物安全风险防控体制，加强对生物技术研究、开发与应用活动的安全管理。完善人工智能相关法律法规、政策制度、应用规范、伦理准则，综合应对新技术发展对就业、社会治理的影响，推动模型算法、数据资源、基础设施、应用系统等安全能力建设，深化人工智能国际合作，在对外开放中切实维护国家安全利益.