There isn’t a whole lot that’s interesting on the front page. Xi Jinping is today expected to hold a meeting with founders and chief executives of China’s largest technology companies. So we’ll watch out for that in tomorrow’s edition. Also, the State Department seems to have dropped the phrase “we do not support Taiwan independence” from its website. So, that’s likely to ruffle feathers in Beijing.
Anyway, as for today’s edition, there’s not much in the paper. So I’ll cover what I found useful and then do a deep dive into Wang Yi’s European visit. From the readouts, and, of course, given US Vice President JD Vance’s speech in Munich along with perceptions of American policy, it seems like China and European states are finding that they have more in common than they would have expected a year ago. It is particularly striking that it is the Chinese foreign minister who is making the case for Europe to be at the negotiating table with regard to talks to end the war in Ukraine. This is quite easily contrasted with US policy under Donald Trump. Another really interesting comment from Wang was to his Argentinian counterpart about China not seeking spheres of influence. This stood out to me given that it appears that one of the priorities of the Trump administration is to tighten its position across the Western Hemisphere. In some ways, there is a recasting of the US as primarily a Western Hemisphere power rather than a global superpower.
Here are the reports on articles that I found worth reading in the People’s Daily on Monday, February 17, 2025.
Page 1: But before I get to all that, on the front page of the paper today, this article on why China should focus on manufacturing capacity is worth reading. The article is written as a response to an online question about China maintaining the first place around the world as a manufacturing country.
It argues that from the small things — like rice cookers, juicers, folding bicycles, clothing, housing and transportation — to the big things — like moon rovers, cruise ships and high-speed trains — and even the urgent needs — like cranes and machines providing earthquake support, prefab shelters that can be assembled in minutes, and robots — all depend on manufacturing capacity.
Then the piece adds:
“Manufacturing is the solid foundation for technological innovation. It can drive breakthroughs in new technologies and processes through intensive research and development while also providing abundant application scenarios to accelerate the transformation of scientific achievements into real productive forces. Moreover, manufacturing is an important carrier for employment, directly impacting the livelihoods of hundreds of millions of people. The results of the Fifth National Economic Census show that the number of employees in manufacturing legal entities exceeds 100 million, accounting for 24.4% of the employees in legal entities in the secondary and tertiary industries. In the ultimate analysis, China can never do without manufacturing at any time, nor can it rely on other countries to meet our enormous demand for countless consumer and industrial goods. In other words, this first place in manufacturing is definitely not a ‘decorative facade’ for self-satisfaction, but a solid foundation and base that concerns the national economy and people’s livelihood. 制造业是科技创新的坚实依托，既能通过高强度研发，推动新技术、新工艺突破，也能提供丰富应用场景，加快科技成果转化为现实生产力。制造业还是吸纳就业的重要载体，事关亿万百姓的饭碗。第五次全国经济普查结果显示，制造业法人单位从业人员超1亿人，占第二、三产业法人单位从业人员的比重为24.4%. 说到底，中国任何时候都不能缺少制造业，也不能指望其他国家来满足我们对万千消费品、工业品的巨大需求。换言之，制造业的这个第一，绝不是用来自得的“花架子”，而是事关国计民生的实实在在的家底和根基.
The next bit argues that China’s manufacturing achievements are hard won. It has in a few decades “completed the industrialisation process that developed countries have gone through for hundreds of years”. “Since 2010, China’s manufacturing sector has consistently ranked first in the world, accounting for approximately 30% of the global share. This miracle has been achieved through generations of hard work, dedication, and even sacrifice; how could we possibly abandon it?” 2010年以来，我国制造业规模始终稳居世界首位，占全球比重约为30%。一代代人用汗水心血甚至生命换来的这一奇迹，我们怎能离弃?
“We will also never give up because Made in China is imbued with the genes of China’s excellent traditional culture. The Chinese nation has valued practical industry since ancient times, from philosophical roots of ‘to do good work, one must first sharpen one’s tools’ and ‘applying knowledge to practical use,’ Kao Gong Ji and Tiangong Kaiwu, which document traditional craftsmanship, and to modern entrepreneur Zhang Jian, who actively introduced advanced technologies and business concepts to revitalize the nation through industry—behind all these is the importance placed on the real economy and the advocacy of the spirit of craftsmanship. Focusing wholeheartedly on practical industry is the duty of Chinese people and a heritage continued for thousands of years. Looking back on the journey, we cherish it even more. Looking at the world, ‘maintaining the number one position’ lends us the confidence to navigate major-power competition and withstand risks and challenges. 不离不弃，也因中国制造浸润着中华优秀传统文化基因.中华民族自古注重实业，从“工欲善其事，必先利其器”“经世致用”的思想渊源，到记述传统工艺的《考工记》《天工开物》等古代典籍，再到实业救国的近代企业家张謇积极引进先进技术和经营理念，背后都有着对实体经济的看重、对工匠精神的推崇.心无旁骛做实业，是中华儿女的本分，是赓续千年的传承。回望来路，倍感珍惜。放眼全球，“保持第一”，蕴藏着应对大国博弈、抵御风险挑战的底气.
“From the perspective of world economic history, the birth of many economic powers began with manufacturing. Upon entering the post-industrialisation stage, some countries ‘moved away from the real economy toward the virtual economy’ and transferred industries, leading to ‘industrial hollowing out’. In recent years, these countries have been making great efforts to attract manufacturing back. Meanwhile, some emerging nations are striving to compete in the manufacturing sector by leveraging advantages such as low costs. Sailing against the current, one must forge ahead or one will be pushed back. At present, a new wave of technological revolution and industrial transformation is advancing at an unprecedented pace, global technological innovation is more intense and dynamic than ever, and disruptive technologies continue to emerge. In addition, international competition is becoming increasingly fierce, with unilateralism and protectionism on the rise. If we show even the slightest complacency, we risk missing opportunities and falling into a passive position. In these years, we have accelerated breakthroughs in key core technologies and worked to enhance the resilience and competitiveness of industrial and supply chains, all to make the ‘lifeline’ of supply chains independently controllable Only in this way can we seize the initiative in development, and no matter how turbulent the waves, remain steady like a fisherman at ease in his pavilion”. (任凭风浪起, 稳坐钓鱼台). 从世界经济史看，许多经济强国的诞生，开端皆是制造业。进入后工业化阶段，一些国家“脱实向虚”、转移产业，导致“产业空心化”，近年来正大力吸引制造业回流。与此同时，一些新兴国家凭借低成本等优势，奋力角逐制造业赛道。逆水行舟，不进则退。当前，新一轮科技革命和产业变革突飞猛进，全球科技创新空前密集活跃，颠覆性技术不断涌现，加之国际竞争日趋激烈，单边主义、保护主义明显上升，我们稍有懈怠，便会错失机遇、陷入被动。这些年，我们加快突破关键核心技术，努力增强产业链供应链韧性和竞争力，就是为了让供应链“命门”自主可控。只有这样，才能掌握发展主动权，“任凭风浪起，稳坐钓鱼台”.
The last bit of the article says that some people question that manufacturing is time-consuming, labor-intensive and it takes time to make money. The author responds:
“It is undeniable that technological research and development, equipment procurement, and market expansion in manufacturing all require significant time and effort, and some investments may not yield immediate returns. However, it is also important to recognise that while manufacturing may not generate quick profits, by seizing new market demands and trends, operating consistently, and striving for improvement, it is not difficult to achieve stable economic returns and growth opportunities. In contrast, shifting from real industries to virtual economies in pursuit of short-term gains may seem easy but carries far greater risks. Isn’t it a rational choice made after multidimensional consideration that more than 6 million manufacturing enterprises across the country persist in practical industry and deeply cultivate their core business day after day? Staying committed is not only a responsibility and a sentiment but also a comparative advantage and a demonstration of strategic determination. No matter how times change or what challenges arise, we must—and we can—stand by manufacturing and share in its prosperity.”
不可否认，制造业的技术研发、设备采购、市场开拓等，都需要投入大量时间和精力，有的确实短期看不到回报。同时要看到，虽然赚不了快钱，但通过抓住市场新需求、新趋势，持续经营、努力提升，不难获得稳定的经济回报和发展空间。相比之下，如果脱实向虚，追求短期利益赚快钱，看似轻松，却蕴藏着更大风险。全国600多万家制造业企业日复一日地坚守实业、深耕主业，何尝不是经过多维考量后作出的理性选择？不离不弃，是责任，是情怀，更是比较优势、战略定力。无论时代如何变迁，无论面临何种挑战，我们都必须也能够与制造业长相守、共荣光.
This paragraph reminded me of a scene from the 1995 Bollywood classic Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge, when Shah Rukh Khan’s character basically refuses to elope with the leading lady despite her mother asking them to do so. Instead, he argues that doing the right thing is often difficult and may not yield immediate results, but in the end, it is the path that will lead to success. If you are interested, you can watch that particular scene in the clip below.
Anyway, another report on the page informs that International Data Corporation and Inspur Information recently jointly released the China AI Computing Power Development Assessment Report.
“The report shows that in 2024, China’s intelligent computing power scale has reached 725.3 EFLOPS (hundred billion billion FLOPS), representing a 74.1% year-on-year increase—more than three times the growth rate of general computing power during the same period (20.6%). The market size has reached $19 billion, up 86.9% from the previous year. The report predicts that by 2025, China’s intelligent computing power scale will reach 1037.3 EFLOPS, marking a 43% increase from 2024. Meanwhile, China's AI computing power market is expected to grow to $25.9 billion, reflecting a 36.2% increase compared to 2024.” 国际数据公司（IDC）与浪潮信息日前联合发布《中国人工智能计算力发展评估报告》。《报告》显示，2024年，中国智能算力规模达725.3百亿亿次/秒（EFLOPS），同比增长74.1%，增幅是同期通用算力增幅（20.6%）的3倍以上；市场规模为190亿美元，同比增长86.9%。《报告》预计，2025年，中国智能算力规模将达到1037.3EFLOPS，较2024年增长43%；中国人工智能算力市场规模将达到259亿美元，较2024年增长36.2%.
Page 4: There’s a report on the opening of the new National Healthcare Security Administration Big Data Center. As per the report, the center will undertake important tasks in the application, management, and service of healthcare security big data, as well as in cybersecurity and informatization development, while also promoting digital transformation in the field of medical security.
The article adds: “according to reports, the national medical insurance information platform covers 1.33 billion insured individuals, 50 million employers, 930,000 hospitals and pharmacies, 17,900 pharmaceutical and medical consumables enterprises, and 376,000 types of drugs and medical consumables, while also maintaining and managing terminal traceability information for 60 billion boxes of medical insurance drugs annually.” 该中心承担着医疗保障大数据的应用、管理、服务以及网络安全和信息化建设的重要任务，同时将推动医疗保障领域的数字化转型。据了解，全国医保信息平台覆盖全国13.3亿参保群众、5000万家用人单位、93万家医院药店、1.79万家药耗企业、37.6万个药品耗材和每年600亿盒医保药品的终端追溯信息维护管理及应用.
Let’s now turn to reports outside the newspaper, beginning with Wang Yi’s visit to Europe.
Wang’s speech at the Munich Security Conference was on expected lines. He took clear shots at US policy while pitching China as a follower of international rules. He said:
“A multipolar world is not only a historical inevitability; it is also becoming a reality. Will multipolarity bring chaos, conflict and confrontation? Does it mean domination by major countries and the strong bullying the weak? China’s answer is, we should work for an equal and orderly multipolar world. This is another major proposition put forward by President Xi Jinping, and it represents our sincere expectation for a multipolar world. China will surely be a factor of certainty in this multipolar system, and strive to be a steadfast constructive force in a changing world.”
He then made four points.
First, the need for equal treatment. “Whether it is the colonial system or the core-periphery structure, unequal orders are bound to meet their demise. Independence and autonomy is sought across the world, and greater democracy in international relations is unstoppable. Equal rights, equal opportunities and equal rules should become the basic principles of a multipolar world. It is in this principle that China advocates equality among all countries regardless of size, and calls for increasing the representation and say of developing countries in the international system. This will not lead to ‘Westlessness’, but will deliver more positive-sum results to the world. The Munich Security Conference has invited more participants from Global South countries in recent years. This is a wise thing to do. Every country should have their voice heard. Every country should be able to find their place and play their role in a multipolar paradigm.”
Second, respect for international rule of law. “The purposes and principles of the U.N. Charter provide fundamental guidance for handling international relations. They are also an important cornerstone of a multipolar world. The world today is witnessing incessant chaos and confusion, and one important reason is that some countries believe might makes right and have opened a Pandora’s box marked the law of the jungle. In reality, all countries, regardless of size or strength, are stakeholders in international rule of law. The multipolar paradigm must not be a state of disarray. Without norms and standards, one may be at the table yesterday but end up on the menu tomorrow. Major countries must take the lead in honoring their words and upholding rule of law, and must not say one thing but do another, or engage in zero-sum game. It is based on the above points of view that China resolutely upholds the authority of international rule of law, and actively fulfills its international responsibilities and obligations. It is a member of almost all universal intergovernmental organizations and a party to over 600 international conventions. It never practices exceptionalism, still less cherrypicking. It is providing the greatest certainty in this uncertain world. I wish to emphasize that there should be no double standards in observing international law. Respect for all countries’ sovereignty and territorial integrity should mean support for China’s complete reunification.”
Third, the need to practice multilateralism. “In the face of emerging global challenges, no country can stay unaffected, and the ‘we first’ approach in international relations only leads to a lose-lose result. The U.N. is at the core of practicing multilateralism and advancing global governance. This edifice has shielded all countries from wind and rain for nearly 80 years, and is all the more needed in the multipolar world of the future. We should cement its foundation, rather than destroy its pillars. We should take up our responsibilities on governing global issues, rather than seek self-interests only. We should tackle common challenges in solidarity, rather than resort to bloc confrontation.”
Fourth, pursue openness and mutual benefit. “Development holds the key to addressing various problems. The multipolar world should be one where all countries develop together. Protectionism offers no way out, and arbitrary tariffs produce no winners. Decoupling deprives one of opportunities, and a “small yard with high fences” only ends up constraining oneself. It is important to pursue open cooperation, and support an equal and orderly multipolar world with a universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization.”
In the Q&A, Wang addressed three specific issues.
First, on China’s policy towards the US. Wang said that:
“China’s policy toward the US remains stable and consistent, and will not be easily changed. This reflects the strategic resolve and international credibility of a major power. Our policy is based on the three principles proposed by President Xi Jinping: mutual respect, peaceful coexistence, and win-win cooperation. China and the United States have different social systems. This is the choice of their respective peoples. it is unrealistic to seek to transform or overturn each other. Mutual respect is the premise for China-US interactions. Peaceful coexistence is also a natural course of action as China and the US must not come into conflict; otherwise, the world will suffer. Win-win cooperation is essential because the international community expects China and the US to collaborate, and global challenges require both countries to join hands. This is also an international responsibility that China and the US should shoulder. China is ready to build a stable, healthy and sustainable bilateral relationship with the United States in accordance with these three principles, and find the right way for the two major countries to get along on this planet. I hope the US will work with China. But if the US is unwilling, and insists on suppressing and containing China, then it will stand its ground to the end. China will steadfastly defend its national sovereignty, dignity and legitimate rights of development. This commitment also serves to uphold international fairness and justice, and to maintain the basic norms of international relations. The Chinese people have never believed in superstitions and are not afraid of ghosts. The new China has developed and grown amid overcoming various difficulties and obstacles. An old saying in China reads ‘as the Nature changes vigorously, a man of virtue should strive continuously to strengthen himself’. Another vivid sentence goes as ‘let him be strong, and the breeze caresses the hillocks; let him be peremptory, and the moon shines on the great river.’ This reflects the temperament of the Chinese people and the character of the Chinese nation. We are confident in the future of the world, and also the future of China-US relations. There is only one direction that we should strive toward - the three principles I repeatedly mentioned, which is also the biggest expectation of the international community’.” 针对中美关系的问题，王毅表示，中国对美政策保持着稳定性和连贯性，不会轻易翻烙饼，这体现了大国的战略定力和国际信誉。我们的政策就是习近平主席提出的三原则，相互尊重、和平共处、合作共赢。中美社会制度不同，这是各自人民的选择，想要改造甚至颠覆对方是不现实的。正确的态度就是相互尊重，这是中美交往的前提。和平共处更是理所当然，中美两个大国总不能冲突起来，否则世界就要遭殃，还是要加强对话，增进理解，建立信任。合作共赢是因为国际社会期待中美开展合作，全球挑战需要中美携手应对，这也是中美两国应当承担的国际责任。中方已经准备好按照这三原则，同美方构建稳定、健康、可持续的双边关系，找到两个大国在这个星球上的正确相处之道，希望美方同中方相向而行。但如果美方不愿意，执意还要打压中国、遏制中国，我们必将奉陪到底，必将坚定回击美方的单边霸凌行径，必将坚决捍卫中国的国家主权、民族尊严和正当发展权利。中国这样做，也是为了维护国际公平正义，为了维护国际关系基本准则。中国人从来不信邪、不怕鬼，新中国就是在战胜各种艰难险阻中发展壮大起来的。中国有句古话：“天行健，君子自强不息”。中国还有句话说得很形象，“他强任他强，清风拂山岗；他横任他横，明月照大江”。这就是中国人的气度、中华民族的品格。任尔东西南北风，我自泰然处之，岿然不动.
Second, on Ukraine and whether China is supporting Russia through Sino-Russian oil and gas trade. Wang said that China and Russia are two major neighbors with a long border. The two countries have learned lessons from the twists and turns of history and the two countries have explored and established a comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination for a new era, characterized by non-alliance, non-confrontation and not targeting any third party. Let me ask, if China does not import oil and gas from Russia, how can it make up for the gap and ensure the needs of more than 1.4 billion Chinese people? 针对所谓中方通过中俄油气贸易支持俄罗斯的疑问，王毅表示，中国和俄罗斯互为两大邻国，有着漫长边界。两国从过去的曲折经历中汲取教训，探索建立了不结盟、不对抗、不针对第三方的新时代全面战略协作伙伴关系。中俄之间有着正常的经贸往来。试问，如果中国不从俄罗斯进口油气，如何弥补缺口，保障14亿多中国民众的需求?
He then called for “dialogue, consultation and political settlement” when it comes to the war in Ukraine. “China did not create the Ukraine crisis, nor is it a party to the crisis, yet China has neither stood idle nor taken advantage of it. From the day after the crisis broke out, China has called for resolution through dialogue and consultation. President Xi Jinping put forward four propositions, which are the most authoritative interpretation of China's position, pointing out that the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries should be respected, the purposes and principles of the UN Charter should be observed, the legitimate security concerns of all parties should be taken seriously, and all efforts committed to peace should be supported. We have actively carried out diplomatic efforts based on this, and have launched the ‘Friends of Peace’ group with Brazil and other Global South countries. The evolving situation has proven that China's proposal is objective, fair, rational and pragmatic, reflecting the broad consensus of the international community.” 关于中国在解决乌克兰危机方面的立场，王毅说，对于世界上的争端与冲突，中国一贯主张对话协商、政治解决。在俄乌冲突问题上也一样。中国不是这场危机的制造者，更不是当事方，但我们没有隔岸观火，更没有借机牟利。从危机爆发的第二天起，中方就希望对话协商解决。习近平主席提出四点主张，是中国立场的最权威阐释，指出各国的主权和领土完整应得到尊重，联合国宪章宗旨和原则应得到遵守，各方合理安全关切应得到重视，一切致力于和平的努力都应得到支持。我们以此为遵循积极开展外交斡旋，并同巴西等全球南方国家发起“和平之友”小组。形势发展证明，中方的主张客观、公正、理性、务实，体现了国际社会的广泛共识.
“The ultimate resolution of any conflict lies at the negotiation table, and history will undoubtedly deliver a just outcome. China welcomes all efforts committed to peace, including the peace talks consensus reached by the United States and Russia. At the same time, we hope that all parties and stakeholders can participate in the peace talks process in a timely manner. The war took place on European soil, making it even more necessary for Europe to play a role in peace, jointly solve the root causes of the crisis, find a balanced, effective and sustainable security framework, and achieve long-term peace and stability in Europe.” 王毅强调，任何冲突的终点都是谈判桌，历史最终一定是公正的。中方乐见一切致力于和平的努力，包括美俄达成的和谈共识。同时我们期待所有当事方和利益攸关方都能适时参与到和谈的进程中来。战事发生在欧洲大地，欧洲更有必要为和平发挥作用，共同解决危机的根源性问题，找到均衡、有效、可持续的安全框架，实现欧洲的长治久安.
Finally, Wang talked about changes in the international order and global rules. Wang said:
“Over the years, some have claimed that China seeks to change the current order and start a new one; however, the country that is truly challenging the order, breaking agreements, and withdrawing from international organizations is making Europe feel the chill every day. China has developed within the current international order and has benefited from it. Our efforts are to push the international order toward a more just and reasonable direction in line with the wishes of the majority of countries. Wang Yi said that while different parties may have varying understandings of international rules, there should be one fundamental shared perception, which is to uphold the international system with the United Nations at its core and adhere to the basic principles of international relations based on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. This should be the highest common denominator for the international community. As long as everyone agrees on this point, there will be no room for double standards to exist.” 针对如何应对国际秩序面临危机及避免在全球规则上搞“双重标准”的问题，王毅表示，这些年，总有人说中国要改变秩序、另起炉灶。但现在真正挑战秩序、毁约退群的国家让欧洲每天都能感受到阵阵袭来的寒意。中国是在现行秩序中发展起来的，是这一秩序的受益者，我们要做的，就是按照大多数国家的愿望，推动这一秩序朝更加公正合理的方向发展。王毅说，各方对国际规则或许有不同理解，但我们应当有一个最基本的共同认知，那就是维护以联合国为核心的国际体系，遵守以联合国宪章宗旨和原则为基础的国际关系基本准则。这应是国际社会的最大公约数，只要大家都认同这一点，就不会出现“双重标准”，也没有“双重标准”存在的空间。
China is aware of its international responsibilities and is willing to provide more public goods to the international community. President Xi Jinping has put forward a series of major initiatives and proposals, including the GDI, GSI and GCI, in order to call on the international community to take action and work together to solve the increasingly serious development deficit, security deficit and governance deficit today. President Xi Jinping has also proposed the grand goal of jointly building a community with a shared future for mankind, calling on all countries to transcend differences in history, culture, social systems and ideology, and to protect the only planet that humanity shares and build a global village with a shared future. This vision not only reflects the internationalist ideals of the CPC members, but also embodies the traditional Chinese concept of ‘all under heaven belongs to the people’, and this has garnered increasing understanding, recognition and support from many countries. China will continue to contribute to the implementation of these important initiatives and concepts. 王毅强调，中方意识到自己承担的国际责任，愿为国际社会提供更多公共产品。习近平主席提出一系列重大倡议主张，包括全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议，就是为了呼吁国际社会行动起来，携手解决好当今日益严重的发展赤字、安全赤字和治理赤字。习近平主席还提出共同构建人类命运共同体的宏伟目标，呼吁各国超越历史文化、社会制度和意识形态差异，以同舟共济的精神，呵护好人类唯一共同居住的星球，建设好命运与共的地球村，这既是中国共产党人的国际主义情怀，也体现了天下为公的中华文明传统，得到越来越多国家的理解、认同和支持。中方将继续为践行上述重要理念做出自己的贡献.
Next, I’ll cover Wang’s other engagements.
First, Wang met with British Prime Minister Keir Starmer on February 13. The Chinese readout said that:
Wang said: “Under the strategic guidance of the leaders of the two countries, the recent China-UK financial dialogue has achieved fruitful results, and exchanges at all levels have been resumed one after another, demonstrating the huge potential for practical cooperation between the two countries. This also fully demonstrates that the Labour Government’s rational and pragmatic policy toward China is in line with the interests of the country and the people and conforms to the trend of the times. China is willing to work with the UK to implement the important consensus reached by the two countries’ leaders, consolidate the positive momentum of bilateral relations, and deepen and expand cooperation in areas such as infrastructure, trade and investment, and clean energy, to better benefit the people of both countries. Wang Yi said that the world today is more turbulent and the once-in-a-century changes are accelerating. China and the UK are both permanent members of the UN Security Council. The two sides should strengthen strategic communication, enhance understanding and mutual trust, demonstrate the responsibility of major countries, and strengthen cooperation in areas related to the future of mankind such as climate change, AI, and green development, so as to provide more certainty and stability for the world.” 王毅首先转达了中国领导人对斯塔默首相的亲切问候，表示去年底习近平主席同首相先生成功会晤，启动了中英关系改善发展进程。在两国领导人战略引领下，近期中英财金对话取得丰硕成果，各层级交往相继恢复，彰显了两国务实合作巨大潜力，也充分印证工党政府奉行理性务实对华政策符合国家和人民利益，顺应时代发展潮流。中方愿同英方落实好两国领导人重要共识，巩固双边关系企稳向好态势，深化拓展基础设施、经贸投资、清洁能源等各领域合作，更好造福两国人民。王毅表示，当今世界更加动荡，百年变局加速演进。中英同为联合国安理会常任理事国，双方要加强战略沟通、增进理解互信，展现大国担当，在应对气变、人工智能、绿色发展等攸关人类未来的领域加强合作，为世界提供更多确定性和稳定性.
Wang also met with Jonathan Powell, the British prime minister's national security adviser and secretary to the National Security Council. The Chinese report says: “They agreed to follow the guidance of the important agreements between their countries' top leaders, strengthen strategic communication and mutual understanding, take openness and cooperation as the main theme, and explore ways to expand common interests, so as to drive the steady and long-term healthy development of China-British relations. They also exchanged views on strategic security and hot-spot issues of common concern.”
Finally, Wang attended the 10th China-UK Strategic Dialogue with British Foreign Secretary David Lammy. Xinhua reports:
“The two sides have since resumed exchanges in various fields and mechanisms of communication, with positive outcomes. This has boosted the confidence of the two societies and has sent a positive message to the world, Wang said. It has been proven that strengthening dialogue and cooperation between China and Britain is the right choice, serves the interests of both sides, and aligns with the global trend, he said. It is only natural that there are differences and disagreements between China and Britain, as the two countries have different political systems, history and culture. What is important is to have an objective and rational perspective and strengthen dialogue and communication in the spirit of mutual respect, said Wang. China regards Britain as an important strategic partner and stands ready to make good on the important agreements reached by the leaders of the two countries, consolidate the momentum of stabilizing and improving bilateral relations, formulate plans on high-level exchanges in the next period, and deepen practical cooperation in various fields in order to foster a fresh outlook in bilateral relations in the new year, Wang said. He noted that this year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War, as well as the 80th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations. Under the current circumstances, as permanent members of the UN Security Council, China and Britain should demonstrate their responsibility as major powers, practice multilateralism, support free trade, promote the political settlement of hot-spot issues, and jointly promote world peace and stability, he said.”
As per Xinhua, Lammy said that “Britain is committed to developing a long-term stable, mature and strong relationship with China, and is willing to strengthen high-level exchanges with China and carry out constructive dialogue and practical cooperation in various fields”.
Wang also talked about Hong Kong, Taiwan and the Ukraine war. The report adds:
“Wang explained China’s position in a comprehensive manner. He stressed that China has always been guided by the four points about what must be done put forward by President Xi Jinping, and has called for ‘no expansion of the battlefields, no escalation of hostilities and no fanning flames’. The developments on the ground have proved the rationality and constructiveness of China's position, he said. China welcomes all efforts toward peace talks on the Ukraine crisis and supports the establishment of a balanced, effective and sustainable European security architecture for the sake of Europe’s lasting peace and stability. China is willing to work with all parties, including Europe, to play a constructive role in this regard, Wang said. The two sides also exchanged views on the situation in the Middle East and other issues.”
The dialogue ended with the following outcomes:
First, the UK Minister of Energy Security and Net Zero Emissions will visit China for the China-UK Energy Dialogue.
Second, the UK’s Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology will visit China for a meeting of the China-UK Joint Committee on Science, Technology and Innovation Cooperation.
Third, the UK’s Secretary for Education will visit China for ministerial consultations.
Fourth, accelerate preparations for holding the China-UK Economic and Trade Joint Committee, as well as dialogues on health, industrial cooperation, and other mechanisms.
Fifth, highlight achievements in cooperation in financial services, clean energy, and AI.
Sixth, deepen cooperation in global governance, development partnerships, climate change response, and cyber security.
Next, Wang met with his Spanish counterpart Jose Manuel Albares Bueno in Munich. Xinhua says:
Wang said that “the development of China-Spain relations has seen many highlights, with close interactions between their leaders, important progress in major new energy cooperation projects, and fresh opportunities emerging in economic, trade, and investment cooperation. This year marks the 20th anniversary of the China-Spain comprehensive strategic partnership and the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and the European Union, he said. China welcomes more Spanish companies to expand their presence in the Chinese market, share opportunities in this supersized market and benefits from China’s economic transformation and development. The two countries can work together to foster new growth areas for cooperation in digital economy, artificial intelligence and other fields, Wang added. The Chinese foreign minister also said that China and Spain have maintained sound communication and coordination in international affairs. With the current international situation in transformation and turbulence and the world facing the risk of a return to ‘the law of the jungle’, China and Spain should jointly practice multilateralism, promote the democratization of international relations, build broad international consensus, and work together toward equal and orderly multipolarity, Wang added.”
As per the report, Albares said that last year was a significant year for China-Spain relations, with the leaders of both countries holding a historic meeting, and important achievements being made in practical cooperation across various fields such as trade, culture, and tourism. Spain is willing to work with China to strengthen high-level exchanges, expand mutually beneficial cooperation, and push China-Spain relations to new heights. China is a globally influential major power, playing an indispensable leading role in maintaining world peace and addressing major international agenda items, such as climate change. Spain supports multilateralism and is willing to strengthen cooperation with China to uphold the authority of the United Nations and accelerate the implementation of the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda. 阿尔瓦雷斯表示，去年是西中关系的大年，两国领导人举行历史性会晤，经贸、文化、旅游等各领域务实合作取得重要成果。西班牙愿同中方一道，加强高层交往，拓展互利共赢合作，推动西中关系不断迈上新台阶。中国是有着重要影响的全球性大国，在维护世界和平、应对气候变化等重大国际议程上发挥着不可或缺的引领作用。西班牙支持多边主义，愿同中方加强合作，维护联合国权威，加快推进联合国2030可持续发展议程.
Next, there’s a report on Wang meeting with Graham Allison. The readout says:
“Wang Yi said that in the face of the accelerated evolution of the once-in-a-century changes and the complex and intertwined international situation, China, first, needs to maintain strategic determination, unswervingly manage its own affairs well, and vigorously promote Chinese-style modernization. Second, undertake the responsibilities and obligations of a major country, continue to inject more certainty into the world, and play a constructive role in promoting world peace and stability. Third, together with like-minded countries, jointly safeguard the basic norms of international relations based on the UN Charter, advance the process of democratization of international relations, and advocate for equal and orderly world multipolarity and inclusive economic globalization. China’s policy toward the US maintains continuity and stability, and will continue to follow the fundamental principles of mutual respect, peaceful coexistence, and win-win cooperation proposed by President Xi Jinping, respond to the evolution and development of China-US relations, and promote healthy and stable bilateral relations.” 王毅说，面对百年变局加速演进、国际局势变乱交织，中国一是要保持战略定力，坚定不移办好自己的事，大力推进中国式现代化。二是承担起大国责任和义务，继续为世界注入更多确定性，为促进世界和平与稳定发挥建设性作用。三是同志同道合的国家一道，携手维护以联合国宪章为基础的国际关系基本准则，推进国际关系民主化进程，倡导平等有序的世界多极化和普惠包容的经济全球化。中国的对美政策保持连续性、稳定性，将继续以习近平主席提出的相互尊重、和平共处、合作共赢原则为根本遵循，应对中美关系的演变发展，推动两国关系健康稳定.
Next, Wang met with Friedrich Merz, chairman of Germany’s Christian Democratic Union (CDU). Xinhua reports:
Wang said that “since the establishment of diplomatic ties more than 50 years ago, China and Germany have upheld mutual respect, treated each other as equals, and pursued win-win cooperation. This relationship has evolved into a comprehensive strategic partnership, which is a valuable asset for both nations, he said. Over time, Germany’s friendly policy towards China has proven to align with its own national interests and the aspirations of its people, as well as the trend of globalization, he added. China is extensively advancing Chinese-style modernization, remaining committed to high-quality development and high-level opening up, which will bring new opportunities for Sino-German cooperation, Wang emphasized. He expressed the hope and belief that Germany, by upholding a rational and pragmatic approach, would engage in open and equal dialogue with China, expand mutually beneficial cooperation, and continue to tell successful stories of mutual achievement and shared prosperity between the two countries. China supports Germany in playing a greater role in global and regional affairs, particularly amid the current turbulent international landscape, and stands ready to enhance coordination and cooperation with Germany to jointly uphold free trade and practice multilateralism, Wang said.”
Among other things, Merz reportedly said that “Germany firmly supports free trade, and deeper cooperation between Germany, as well as Europe, and China, and is willing to play a constructive role in facilitating the proper resolution of Europe-China frictions”.
The Chinese readout of Wang’s meeting with German FM Annalena Baerbock says:
Wang said that “China is ready to strengthen dialogue and cooperation with the new German government after the upcoming national election to continuously inject new vitality into China-Germany relations…China does not interfere in other countries’ internal affairs and cherishes the fruits of mutually beneficial cooperation between China and Germany. China is firmly committed to the path of green transformation and sustainable development and stands ready to strengthen cooperation with Germany to jointly address global challenges such as climate change, he added. The Chinese top diplomat also said that multipolarization, the theme of this year’s Munich Security Report, is an inevitable trend of historical development. Facing the current rise of protectionism, resurgence of Cold War mentality and rampant unilateral bullying, China is willing to strengthen communication and coordination with Germany and other countries to build broad consensus and voice a more unified stance for maintaining international peace and stability, Wang said. He added that he believes Germany will play an important role in the process of multipolarization.”
As per the report, Baerbock reiterated that Germany “adheres to the one-China policy” and “opposes tariff wars or trade wars”.
Wang also met with Chancellor Olaf Scholz. Xinhua reports that:
“Wang said that high-level interactions between China and Germany have been frequent and bilateral pragmatic cooperation has maintained good momentum and yielded positive results, which served the fundamental and long-term interests of both peoples. He stressed that as strategic partners, China and Germany, as well as China and the European Union (EU), should further strengthen unity, coordination and cooperation to uphold free trade, practice multilateralism, and safeguard the authority of the United Nations. China is pleased to see Germany playing a significant role in a multipolar world and is willing to deepen comprehensive cooperation with Germany to advance bilateral relations in a positive direction, safeguard global peace and stability, and provide greater certainty to an increasingly turbulent world, he added … Wang said that China appreciates Germany’s rational and pragmatic stance on the EU's tariff issue concerning Chinese electric vehicles and hopes Germany to continue to play a constructive role in promptly resolving China-EU trade frictions at an early date.”
Scholz reportedly told Wang that “Germany opposes protectionism and does not support a tariff war. He called on the EU and China to take a constructive approach to promptly and properly resolve frictions as soon as possible, including those related to electric vehicles, and jointly uphold the free trade system.”
Next, Wang met with Kaja Kallas, the high representative for foreign affairs and security policy of the European Commission. Xinhua reports:
“This year marks the 50th anniversary of China-EU diplomatic relations, the two sides should take this as an opportunity to review the experiences of their successful cooperation, reaffirm their strategic partnership, uphold dialogue and cooperation as the guiding principles, stick to the fundamental tone of mutual benefit and win-win cooperation, and remain strategic partners based on mutual respect, trust, and long-term stability, Wang said. Wang emphasized that there are no fundamental conflicts of interest or geopolitical contradictions between China and the EU. Both sides uphold multilateralism, support the central role of the United Nations (UN), advocate for resolving international hotspot issues through dialogue and negotiation, and oppose unilateral bullying, he added. China is willing to strengthen strategic communication with the EU, enhance mutual understanding, and jointly contribute to greater global stability, he said.”
The report adds that: Kallas “praised China’s leadership in addressing issues such as climate change, and expressed the EU’s readiness to cooperate with China in upholding multilateralism and safeguarding the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. The two sides also exchanged views on the Ukraine crisis. Wang elaborated on China’s position, highlighting that China supports all endeavors conducive to peace and backs Europe in playing a significant role in the peace negotiation process.”
Next, the readout on Wang’s meeting with his Argentine counterpart Gerardo Werthein says:
“Wang said that the Chinese side stands ready to work with Argentina to effectively implement the consensus reached by the two heads of state. Both sides should continue to respect and accommodate each other’s core interests and major concerns and continuously consolidate the political foundation of bilateral relations, Wang added. The Chinese top diplomat said that China does not seek spheres of influence or participate in geopolitical competition, and it firmly practices multilateralism in international affairs. China is willing to work with Argentina and other Latin American countries to firmly safeguard international rule of law and basic norms of international relations, Wang said. Noting that China-Argentina relations are an important part of China-Latin America relations, Wang said the China-CELAC (Community of Latin American and Caribbean States) Forum has effectively promoted China-Latin America cooperation since its inauguration 10 years ago and brought tangible benefits to the people of both sides. He added that China is ready to work with Latin American countries to support the development and growth of the China-CELAC Forum, to help each other achieve common development and shared prosperity. Werthein said that Argentina attaches great importance to its relations with China and looks forward to strengthening high-level exchanges and deepening practical cooperation with China. He thanked China for supporting Argentina in safeguarding its sovereignty over the Malvinas Islands. He said that Argentina firmly adheres to the one-China principle and is willing to become a reliable and stable partner of China.”
Next, the readout from Wang’s meeting with Celso Amorim, special advisor to the president of Brazil, says:
Wang said that “as major global powers and representative forces of the Global South, China and Brazil, facing a turbulent and intertwined world, have maintained strategic focus and worked together to make contributions to promoting world peace, stability, and development...China is willing to work with Brazil to implement the consensus reached by the two heads of state, promote more achievements in various fields of cooperation, practice true multilateralism, uphold the core role of the United Nations, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Global South countries.”
Next, there’s a report on Wang’s meeting with NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte at the latter's request. The readout says:
Wang Yi “expressed hope that the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) would adopt a rational and pragmatic approach, develop an objective and accurate perception of China, and pursue a positive and responsible policy toward China…Wang said that China is a force for maintaining peace and stability. It’s the largest contributor of peacekeeping personnel among the permanent members of the United Nations (UN) Security Council, and the second-largest financial contributor to UN peacekeeping operations. On issues of peace and security, China has the best track record among major countries, he added. Amid ongoing escalating geopolitical conflicts, Wang urged NATO to remain committed to its role as a regional defensive organization and contribute constructively to global and regional peace.”
“Rutte acknowledged China as a great nation with remarkable development achievements. He said that NATO, as a regional defensive organization, has no intention of expanding into Asia and will not do so. Rutte added that NATO is willing to enhance dialogue and communication with China to deepen mutual understanding and trust. The two sides exchanged views on the Ukraine crisis. Rutte said that NATO highly values China's influence and role, and hopes that China will play a significant role in pushing forward a peaceful resolution to the Russia-Ukraine conflict as soon as possible. Wang elaborated on China’s principles and stance, reaffirming China’s commitment to continue working with all parties to play a constructive role in promoting a political settlement of the crisis and building a balanced, effective, and sustainable security framework in Europe.”
Next, Wang met with Israeli Foreign Minister Gideon Sa’ar. The Chinese readout says that:
Sa’ar elaborated on Israel’s position on the war in Gaza. Wang Yi pointed out that the Palestinian issue is the core of the Middle East issue. Violence in exchange for violence will only bring a new vicious cycle. The humanitarian disaster in the Gaza region must end as soon as possible. It is hoped that the ceasefire arrangements will be effectively implemented, and on this basis, a comprehensive and lasting ceasefire will be promoted. The fundamental way out of the Middle East issue lies in the implementation of the ‘two-state solution’ and ultimately the peaceful coexistence of Palestine and Israel and the friendly exchanges between the Arab and Jewish peoples. China is willing to continue to uphold justice and play a constructive role in the comprehensive and thorough resolution of the Palestinian issue. 双方重点就加沙局势交换了看法。萨尔阐述了以方立场。王毅指出，巴勒斯坦问题是中东问题的核心，以暴易暴只会带来新的恶性循环，加沙地区的人道灾难必须尽早结束。希望停火安排得到有效执行，在此基础上推动实现全面持久停火。中东问题的根本出路在于落实“两国方案”，最终实现巴以两国和平共处，阿拉伯和犹太两个民族友好交往。中方愿继续主持公道，为全面彻底解决巴勒斯坦问题发挥建设性作用.
Regarding China-Israel relations, Wang Yi said that the exchanges between the Chinese and Jewish peoples have a long history. 80 years ago, the two sides sympathized with and helped each other in the anti-fascist war, forging a friendship between the two peoples. Over the past 30 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Israel, bilateral relations have made great progress and practical cooperation in various fields has been steadily advancing. China has always viewed the development of China-Israel relations from a long-term perspective and is willing to work with Israel to promote the development of China-Israel innovative comprehensive partnership. 关于中以关系，王毅表示，中华民族和犹太民族交往源远流长。80年前，双方在反法西斯战争中相互同情、相互帮助，人民之间结下友谊。中以建交30多年来，双边关系取得长足发展，各领域务实合作稳步推进。中方始终从长远眼光看待发展中以关系，愿同以方推动中以创新全面伙伴关系向前发展.
Next, the readout from Wang Yi’s meeting with his French counterpart Jean-Noel Barrot says:
“China and France are both permanent members of the United Nations (UN) Security Council and major countries of global influence, Wang said, adding that their relationship has strategic value and exemplary significance beyond the bilateral level. He noted that this year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory in the World Anti-Fascist War and the founding of the UN. Wang said that the two sides should uphold their tradition of independence and self-reliance, adhere to openness and win-win cooperation and act as stabilizing forces in maintaining international order and promoting global growth. Noting that trade frictions are issues in the process of cooperation between China and the European Union (EU), Wang expressed confidence that as comprehensive strategic partners, China and France -- as well as China and the EU -- have the wisdom and capability to properly resolve these issues. The top Chinese diplomat said he hopes the EU will uphold open cooperation, support free trade, and work with China in the same direction while accommodating each other's legitimate concerns. China, he added, stands ready to continue constructive dialogue with the EU on this matter.”
Barrot reportedly said that “France supports deepening strong economic and trade relations between France and China, as well as between the EU and China, properly handling trade differences, and jointly resisting protectionism. The two officials exchanged views on artificial intelligence, climate change, and maritime cooperation, agreeing to strengthen cooperation in global governance and promote international solidarity in addressing global challenges.”
They also discussed the wars in Ukraine and Gaza and the Iran nuclear issue. On Gaza, the report says “the two sides agreed to strengthen communication and coordination on the Gaza conflict, promote de-escalation, and return to the ‘two-state solution’.”
Next, the report on Wang’s meeting with Ukrainian FM Andrii Sybiha says:
“Wang said that China and Ukraine enjoy a traditional friendship and established a strategic partnership in 2011, with bilateral relations maintaining normal development. China has been Ukraine's largest trading partner in recent years, Wang noted, adding that this is hard-won under the current circumstances and demonstrates the potential and space for cooperation between the two sides. China views Ukraine as a friend and partner, and always approaches and advances China-Ukraine relations from a long-term perspective, Wang said, adding that China is ready to work with Ukraine to overcome unfavorable factors, advance bilateral relations, and carry out practical cooperation. He expressed his hope that the Ukrainian side will continue to ensure the safety of Chinese institutions and personnel in Ukraine. On the Ukraine crisis, Wang said that China has always been committed to promoting peace and talks. Facts and the development of the situation have once again proven that the principles and propositions put forward by President Xi Jinping, including his proposals of four points about what must be done and three observations, are objective, impartial, rational, and pragmatic, he added. China will continue to follow these principles and play a constructive role in the political settlement of the crisis and the realization of peace, Wang said. China supports all efforts dedicated to peace and expects a fair, lasting, and binding peace agreement accepted by all parties concerned, Wang said. The ‘Friends of Peace’ platform, initiated by China and countries of the Global South, will continue to build consensus for promoting peace and talks, he added.”
The readout adds that Sybiha told Wang that: “Ukraine attaches great importance to China's influence as a major country, appreciates China's objective and balanced position, and expects China to play an important role in achieving comprehensive, just, and lasting peace.”
Finally, there are readouts from Wang’s meetings with the Czech Foreign Minister Jan Lipavsky and Austrian interim Chancellor and Foreign Minister Alexander Schallenberg.
Xinhua reports: Wang said that ”China is willing to enhance mutually beneficial cooperation with the Czech Republic provided that the Czech side respects China's core interests…The Czech Republic was among the first countries to establish diplomatic ties with the People’s Republic of China and the two peoples have maintained good feelings toward each other. Bilateral relations, however, have experienced a downturn in recent years, a situation that China does not wish to see, said Wang. China pursues an independent foreign policy of peace and is committed to developing relations with all nations on the basis of mutual respect and mutually beneficial cooperation. There are no fundamental conflicts in terms of national interests or geopolitical disputes between China and the Czech Republic. Improving and further developing China-Czech relations are in line with the shared aspirations of the two peoples and the fundamental interests of the two countries, he said. Wang expressed the hope that the Czech side would engage in earnest self-reflection, develop the right perspective about China, and take concrete actions to rebuild trust with China. The key is to respect China's core interests, particularly adherence to the one-China principle, and to safeguard the political foundation of China-Czech relations, so as to bring bilateral ties back to a healthy and stable track as soon as possible. Only on this basis would China be willing to strengthen mutually beneficial cooperation in various fields with the Czech side, said Wang.”
The report adds:
“Lipavsky acknowledged that, in the context of looming trade wars, maintaining dialogue and cooperation between the Czech Republic and China, as well as between the EU and China, is of great importance. The Czech government pursues a one-China policy and does not support ‘Taiwan independence.’ The Czech Republic is willing to work with China to develop sound political relations and advance bilateral cooperation for better results, he said.”
Finally, Wang told Schallenberg that “Austria, as a permanently neutral country, has long played the role of a bridge-builder and mediator in international affairs. China welcomes Austria to seize new opportunities brought by China’s development, deepen mutually beneficial cooperation, and advance China-Austria relations to continue leading China-EU relations.”
Schallenberg reportedly said that “decoupling and the severing of industrial and supply chains do not conform to the common interests of all parties; instead, open cooperation is key to achieving development and prosperity…Austria appreciates China’s adherence to multilateralism and is willing to work with China to uphold the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and defend the post-World War II international order, he said, adding that Austria highly values China’s influence as a major country and hopes China will apply Eastern wisdom to play an important role in promoting peace.”
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