Xi Meets Kim & Other Visiting Leaders - Breakdown of China-Pakistan 2025-2029 Action Plan
Here are the key reports and articles that I found noteworthy from the People’s Daily’s edition on Friday, September 05, 2025.
Page 1: The entire front page today is again dedicated to Xi Jinping’s bilateral meetings with visiting leaders. So let’s dive in.
The readout (English text) of Xi’s meeting with North Korea’s Kim Jong Un says:
“General Secretary Kim Jong Un’s attendance at the commemoration of the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War demonstrates the DPRK’s firm commitment to safeguarding the fruits of the victory of World War II, and provides an important opportunity for further advancing friendship and cooperation between the two Parties and two countries. Xi Jinping extended congratulations on the 80th anniversary of the founding of the WPK, and stressed that China is going all out to build a great modern socialist country in all respects and pursue national rejuvenation through a Chinese path to modernization, while the DPRK has kept making new progress in developing socialism. The CPC and the Chinese government attach great importance to the traditional friendship between China and the DPRK, and stand ready to maintain, consolidate and develop China-DPRK relations. No matter how the international landscape may evolve, this position will stay unchanged. China will continue to support the DPRK in pursuing a development path suited to its national conditions and opening new grounds in advancing the DPRK's socialist cause. China will work with the DPRK to step up high-level exchanges and strategic communication, strengthen exchanges of experience in governance of Party and state affairs, deepen mutual understanding and friendship, promote closer interactions at all levels, and advance practical cooperation across the board.”
“Xi Jinping underscored that facing unprecedented global challenges, he has put forward the vision of building a community with a shared future for humanity, the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, the Global Civilization Initiative and the Global Governance Initiative, which have been actively supported and echoed by the DPRK. China and the DPRK should strengthen strategic coordination and uphold common interests in international and regional affairs. On the Korean Peninsula issue, China has maintained an objective and just position, and will continue to step up coordination with the DPRK and make utmost efforts to preserve peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula.”
Kim reportedly said that the parade “demonstrates China’s firm commitment to upholding world peace, and underscores China’s significant international stature and influence. The older generation of DPRK and Chinese leaders forged a profound friendship in the war of resistance against Japanese aggression, and the two sides are duty-bound to carry the legacy into future generations. No matter how the international situation may change, the friendly sentiment between the DPRK and China will not change.”
“To further deepen and grow its relationship with China is a firm conviction of the DPRK. The DPRK will continue to firmly support China’s position on Taiwan, Xizang, Xinjiang and other issues concerning China’s core interests, and support China in upholding its national sovereignty and territorial integrity. The DPRK thanks China for its long-standing, unwavering support to the DPRK’s socialist cause and for the valuable assistance and help provided in this regard. Kim Jong Un noted that under the strong leadership of General Secretary Xi Jinping and the guidance of the Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, China has made great development achievements. The DPRK is ready to work with China to strengthen exchanges at various levels between the two Parties and two countries, and conduct experience sharing in such areas as Party building and economic development, to support the DPRK in its Party building and national development efforts. The DPRK will deepen mutually beneficial economic and trade cooperation with China and work for more fruitful outcomes. The DPRK commends China for its just position on the Korean Peninsula issue, and stands ready to step up coordination with China at the U.N. and other multilateral platforms to uphold the common and fundamental interests of the two sides.”
Later in the evening, Xi Jinping had a small-group tea chat with and hosted dinner for Kim Jong Un.
Second, the readout from Xi’s meeting with Laos President Thongloun Sisoulith has Xi praising the progress between the two sides. For instance, he mentioned “theoretical seminars and cadre training cooperation between the two parties.”
“Xi Jinping emphasised that at present, the international and regional situation is undergoing complex and profound changes, and the two sides must view and handle China–Laos relations with a long-term perspective and strategic thinking, firmly supporting each other on issues involving core interests and major concerns. Taking the opportunity of the 65th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries next year, both sides should plan and carry out exchanges in various fields. China is willing, together with Laos, to deepen exchanges of experience in governing the Party and country, and to support the Lao People’s Revolutionary Party in preparing for and successfully convening its 12th National Congress. Taking the operation of the China–Laos railway and the development along its route as a starting point, efforts should continue to expand the radiating and driving effect of the ‘golden corridor’, and to promote the upgrading and improvement of key projects. Cooperation in defense, law enforcement, and security should be deepened, maintaining a sustained high-pressure crackdown on cross-border gambling, telecommunications and online fraud crimes. China congratulates Laos on becoming a dialogue partner of the SCO, and is willing to deepen coordination and cooperation with Laos under regional mechanisms such as China–ASEAN cooperation, Lancang–Mekong cooperation, and the East Asia Summit, so as to promote regional peace and development. 习近平强调，当前国际和地区形势发生复杂深刻变化，双方要以长远眼光和战略思维看待和把握中老关系，在涉及彼此核心利益和重大关切问题上坚定相互支持。要以明年两国建交65周年为契机，谋划开展好各领域交往。中方愿同老方深化治党治国经验交流，支持老挝人民革命党筹备和开好十二大。要以中老铁路运营和沿线开发为抓手，持续拓展“黄金大通道”辐射带动效应，推动重点项目提质升级。要深化防务、执法安全等合作，对跨境赌博、电信网络诈骗犯罪等持续高压严打。中方祝贺老挝成为上海合作组织对话伙伴，愿同老方在中国东盟合作、澜湄合作、东亚峰会等地区机制下深化协调和配合，促进地区和平与发展.
Third, the readout (English readout) of Xi’s meeting with Cuba’s Miguel Díaz-Canel Bermúdez says:
“President Xi pointed out that in recent years the building of a China-Cuba community with a shared future has deepened with tangible outcomes, which has become a vivid symbol of the ironclad friendship between the two Parties and the two countries. This year marks the 65th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Cuba. Both sides should take this opportunity to bring China-Cuba relations to a higher level and bring more benefits to the two peoples. President Xi stressed that the two sides should commit to a shared future, deepen high-level political mutual trust, further intensify high-level exchanges, better share experience of Party and country governance, firmly support each other, and continue to deepen the special bond of sharing weal and woe. The two sides should uphold sincerity and mutual assistance and systematically advance development cooperation. China will continue to offer help and support to Cuba to the best of its capability. The two sides should keep working with one heart, strengthen all-round strategic coordination, continue to coordinate and cooperate within frameworks such as the G77 and BRICS, implement the Global Development Initiative (GDI), the Global Security Initiative (GSI), the Global Civilization Initiative (GCI), and the Global Governance Initiative (GGI), jointly build the International Organization for Mediation (IOMed), and make greater contributions to world peace and development. China will continue to firmly support Cuba’s just fight against interference and embargo.”
Díaz-Canel described ties as “rock-solid.” He backed the one-China principle and GGI. The two sides also issued a joint statement and signed deals covering BRI, “practical cooperation, the GSI, sub-national agricultural cooperation, and artificial intelligence.”
Fourth, the readout (English readout) from Xi’s meeting with Serbian President Aleksandar Vučić says:
“President Xi noted that, in the Asian and European theaters of WWII, China and Serbia each made immense sacrifices and made major contributions to the defeat of fascism. In a world fraught with changes and turbulence, it is even more imperative for China and Serbia to uphold a correct historical perspective on WWII and safeguard the victorious outcome of the anti-fascist war. Sustained effort should be made to enhance multilateral cooperation, always stand on the right side of history, resolutely safeguard national rights and interests as well as international fairness and justice, and firmly uphold the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter. President Xi emphasized that Serbia is the first European country to have built a community with a shared future in the new era with China, fully reflecting the special and high-level nature of bilateral relations. As ironclad friends, China supports Serbia in safeguarding its national interests and social stability, and in pursuing a successful development path suited to its conditions. The two sides need to foster greater synergy between their development strategies, make full use of facilitation arrangements such as the free trade agreement, mutual visa exemption, and direct flights, and deepen cooperation in such areas as artificial intelligence, digital economy, and new energy, to continuously advance China-Serbia relations.”
Vučić reportedly “fully supports” GGI and “supports China on all issues concerning China’s core interests.”
Fifth, the readout (English readout) from Xi’s meeting with President of the Republic of the Congo Denis Sassou Nguesso says:
“The Republic of the Congo is the first country to reach an early harvest arrangement with China under the agreement on economic partnership for shared development and will soon benefit from China’s zero-tariff treatment, opening a new chapter in bilateral trade and investment cooperation. It is also the first African country to ratify the Convention on the Establishment of the International Organization for Mediation (IOMed)...The two sides should draw on the political strength of friendship and mutual trust, stay committed to mutual benefit, taking actions based on actual conditions and sustainable development, explore new ways for cooperation, and keep strengthening the dynamism for cooperation…China stands ready to work with African countries to effectively carry out the ten partnership actions and foster new growth drivers in green industries, e-commerce and digital payments, science and technology, and artificial intelligence, taking China-Africa cooperation to even greater heights. In the current international environment of transformation and turbulence, China and Africa, as important members of the Global South, must shoulder the historic responsibility of upholding international fairness and justice, safeguarding world peace, and promoting common development, and work hand in hand to build a community with a shared future for humanity.”
Sassou said that “the Republic of the Congo fully supports President Xi Jinping’s Global Governance Initiative, a significant initiative that will help foster a more just and equitable global governance system and benefit Global South countries.” He also reportedly said that Congo “firmly adheres to the one-China principle”.
Sixth, the readout (English readout) of Xi’s meeting with Zimbabwean President Emmerson Mnangagwa says:
Xi called this a “‘five-star ironclad’ friendship”. The two heads of state announced the elevation of bilateral relations to a China-Zimbabwe all-weather community with a shared future.
“President Xi emphasized that the two sides should seize the opportunity presented by the elevation of bilateral relations to develop innovative approaches to cooperation and broaden cooperation in infrastructure, mining, investment, trade, etc., thereby raising the quality and upgrading the substance of cooperation between the two countries. China stands ready to work with Zimbabwe to advance the implementation of the outcomes of the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation and support Zimbabwe’s economic and social development. Joint efforts are needed to implement the Global Governance Initiative, develop the International Organization for Mediation (IOMed), deepen South-South cooperation, and make the international order more just and equitable.”
As per the readout, Zimbabwe backs GGI and the one-China principle.
Seventh, the readout (English readout) of Xi’s meeting with Vietnamese President Luong Cuong says:
“President Xi pointed out that the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War shows that a just cause enjoys great support, while an unjust one finds little. Victory will always belong to those who stand on the right side of history. China and Viet Nam need to jointly remember history and honor fallen heroes, strengthen strategic coordination, preserve the outcomes of the victory in the Second World War, safeguard international fairness and justice, and stand firmly on the right side of history. President Xi stressed that China supports Viet Nam in pursuing its socialist path that suits the country’s national conditions and in successfully convening the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of Viet Nam. As both comrades and brothers, the two sides need to deepen the exchange of experience in governance of the party and of the country, organize a series of events to commemorate the 75th anniversary of diplomatic ties and the China-Viet Nam Year of People-to-People Exchanges, and deliver more benefits to the two peoples. In face of the unpopular trends of unilateralism and the law of the jungle, more and more countries have come to realize that compromise and concession will lead nowhere, and that only solidarity and self-strengthening will bring hope. President Xi Jinping said he proposed the Global Governance Initiative with the aim of making the global governance system more just and equitable. China is ready to work with Viet Nam to safeguard the common interests of the Global South, and contribute more positive energy to the world.”
President Luong Cuong reportedly said that the SCO and parade have “demonstrated China’s international standing and influence”. He also seemed to offer assurances to Xi:
“For Viet Nam, the relationship with China carries strategic significance and is a top priority in its foreign policy. In a changing and turbulent world, Viet Nam remains committed to growing its relations with China. Viet Nam will work with China in the spirit of solidarity and mutual support, enhance political mutual trust, and strengthen experience sharing in governance. Viet Nam is ready to build greater synergy between the development strategies of the two countries, expand cooperation in economy and trade, infrastructure, science and technology, education and other fields. Viet Nam will coordinate with China on multilateral platforms, uphold the authority of the United Nations and international trade rules, and work for reforming and improving the global governance system.”
Eighth, the readout (English readout) of Xi’s meeting with Slovak Prime Minister Robert Fico says:
“At a time when the world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century, the international community needs solidarity and cooperation more than ever. Both sides should uphold the vision of a community with a shared future for humanity, practice true multilateralism, work for the reform and improvement of the global governance system, and make greater contributions to world peace and development. President Xi emphasized that China highly appreciates Slovakia’s commitment to friendly relations with China, and is ready to work with Slovakia to maintain close high-level exchanges, firmly support each other’s chosen development path, strengthen experience sharing on governance, and continuously deepen mutual political trust. China is ready to actively advance practical cooperation in such areas as new energy, infrastructure and logistics and promote people-to-people exchanges to the benefit of the two peoples. President Xi expressed his hope for Slovakia to continue playing a positive role in promoting the sound and steady development of China-EU relations.”
Fico reportedly said that it was “an honor to be invited to China to witness this grand event in person…Slovakia attaches great importance to its relations with China and firmly follows the one-China policy. Slovakia is ready to work with China to deepen sharing of governance experience, strengthen cooperation in various fields, further facilitate mutual travel, and welcomes more Chinese companies to invest and do business in the country. Slovakia supports the basic principles of the Global Governance Initiative proposed by President Xi and will work closely with China to make positive efforts for the reform and improvement of the global governance system.”
Page 2: There’s a commentary talking about the importance of inheriting the “great spirit of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.” The main argument is as follows:
“Under the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese people have overcome one after another of seemingly insurmountable difficulties and obstacles, creating one after another of awe-inspiring human miracles. Their spiritual outlook has become more vigorous and high-spirited, bursting forth with more proactive spiritual strength, and are now writing a new great history with full confidence.
Chinese-style modernisation is a broad and open path for building a strong country and realizing national rejuvenation. At the same time, we are deeply aware that a broad and open path does not mean a smooth and level path. The ‘15th Five-Year Plan’ period is a crucial stage for consolidating the foundation and exerting full effort toward basically achieving socialist modernization. China’s development environment faces profound and complex changes, with strategic opportunities coexisting with risks and challenges, and an increase in uncertain and unpredictable factors. The various struggles we face are not short-term but long-term, and will accompany the entire process of realising the Second Centenary Goal. We must be prepared to undergo major tests of high winds and surging waves, even tempestuous storms…On the new journey, to inherit and carry forward the great spirit of the War of Resistance, we must maintain strategic resolve, strengthen confidence in certain victory, face problems and contradictions without evasion, eradicate chronic ailments without hesitation, confront risks and challenges without retreat, and with unwavering boldness and courage, open up new horizons for the development of our cause through tenacious struggle.
Looking back, the flames of war forged the backbone of the nation; looking ahead, the light of our spirit illuminates the path to rejuvenation. By uniting more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, and transforming the great spirit of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression into a driving force for progress, a force for unity, and a conviction for forging a bright future, we will surely continue to advance from victory to new victory.” 在党的坚强领导下，中国人民攻克了一个个看似不可攻克的难关险阻，创造了一个个令人刮目相看的人间奇迹，精神面貌更加奋发昂扬，焕发出更为主动的精神力量，正信心百倍书写新的伟大历史。中国式现代化是强国建设、民族复兴的康庄大道。同时我们深刻认识到，康庄大道并不等于一马平川。“十五五”时期是基本实现社会主义现代化夯实基础、全面发力的关键时期，我国发展环境面临深刻复杂变化，战略机遇和风险挑战并存、不确定难预料因素增多。我们面临的各种斗争不是短期的而是长期的，将伴随实现第二个百年奋斗目标全过程，必须准备经受风高浪急甚至惊涛骇浪的重大考验。“走到艰难险阻的境界，这是全靠雄健的精神才能够冲过去的。”在新征程上传承和弘扬伟大抗战精神，就要保持战略定力，增强必胜信心，直面矛盾问题不回避，铲除顽瘴痼疾不含糊，应对风险挑战不退缩，以一往无前的胆魄和勇气，通过顽强斗争打开事业发展新天地。回望来路，烽火硝烟锻造民族脊梁；眺望前方，精神之光照亮复兴之路。更加紧密地团结在以习近平同志为核心的党中央周围，把伟大抗战精神化作奋进的动力、团结的力量、开辟未来的信念，我们定能不断从胜利走向新的胜利.
Page 3: The full text of the Action plan to foster an even closer China-Pakistan community with a shared future in the new era (2025-2029) is published in the paper. Full English text is available too. This document was signed following a meeting between Shehbaz Sharif and Li Qiang. The report on that meeting is available on Page 4. Xinhua English summarises the key points that Li made:
“Li said that China is ready to work with Pakistan to actively build an upgraded version of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), advance major connectivity projects such as ports, highways, and railways, and better achieve mutual benefit and win-win outcomes. China is willing to import more high-quality products from Pakistan and welcomes Pakistan to leverage platforms like the China International Import Expo, Li said. China stands ready to assist Pakistan in enhancing its counterterrorism capabilities and hopes both sides will jointly ensure the security of Chinese personnel, projects, and institutions in Pakistan, said Li.”
Let’s now dive into the full text of the Action Plan.
Key excerpts:
The two sides agreed that in a changing and turbulent world where global transformations not seen in a century are unfolding at a faster pace, the building of a China-Pakistan community with a shared future is of even greater relevance and strategic significance. It was reiterated that any attempt to disrupt or undermine the strategic cooperative partnership is bound to fail. The Chinese side reiterated that the China-Pakistan relationship is of special significance in China’s foreign policy. The Pakistani side underscored that the Pakistan-China relationship is the cornerstone of its foreign policy. The two sides will adhere to the overarching goal of building a community with a shared future, continue to respect each other and carry forward the friendship among future generations, continue to treat each other with good faith and a high degree of mutual trust, continue to pursue mutually beneficial and win-win cooperation, and continue to stand in solidarity and meet challenges together, so as to continually develop new practices in building a China-Pakistan community with a shared future and add new dimensions to the relationship between China and Pakistan. To that end, the two sides agreed to develop and implement this action plan and to build, between 2025 and 2029, a China-Pakistan community with a shared future with even stronger political mutual trust, closer economic and trade ties, deeper security cooperation and a more solid popular basis, which will serve as a model for the building of a community with a shared future with neighboring countries. Both sides also agreed to take stock of the implementation by the two foreign ministries under existing mechanisms on an annual basis.”
The first part of the action plan deals with political cooperation and exchanges. It talks about exchanges at the leader level, exchanges at the levels of the legislature and foreign ministers and exchanges at the political parties’ levels. Two events planned 2026 are the:
the celebration of the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations in 2026.
the second China-Pakistan Political Parties Forum and the meeting of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor Political Parties Joint Consultation Mechanism in China in 2026.
The section also says:
“Firmly support each other in safeguarding core interests. The two sides stress that the authority of the U.N. General Assembly Resolution 2758 brooks no questioning or challenge. The Pakistani side reaffirms its unwavering commitment to the one-China principle. It is of the view that Taiwan is an inalienable part of the territory of the People’s Republic of China and the Taiwan question is at the core of China’s core interests. It firmly supports all efforts made by China to achieve national reunification, and resolutely opposes any form of ‘Taiwan independence.’ Pakistan will firmly support China on issues related to Xinjiang, Xizang, Hong Kong and the South China Sea. The Chinese side reaffirms its unwavering support for Pakistan in defending sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity, and its support for Pakistan’s efforts to safeguard national security, stability, development and prosperity.
Acknowledge Pakistan’s calm approach during the recent conflict in the region and Pakistan’s willingness to have engagement and dialogue for lasting peace, stability and development. Welcome China to continue to play a positive and constructive role in this regard.”
The next section deals with practical cooperation under BRI. Key points:
Advance the building of industrial parks in light of local needs and build demonstration projects for industrial cooperation. Support enterprises to invest in Pakistan’s Special Economic Zones including those in Karachi and Islamabad in line with market and business principles and provide preferential policies and a convenient environment for them. Enhance experience exchanges in the field of industrial development. Welcome third parties to participate in CPEC cooperation and create successful practices…Actively encourage Chinese companies to engage in investment and mutually beneficial cooperation in Pakistan, including in mining industry and building mining industrial parks.
Encourage businesses of both countries to cooperate in areas such as crop cultivation, animal husbandry, epidemic prevention and control for plants and animals, aquaculture, agro-processing, agricultural mechanization and capacity building in seed technology and drip irrigation. Encourage cooperation on agricultural research and the exchanges of agricultural experts. Support agricultural reclamation cooperation between China’s Xinjiang and Pakistan, and support setting up of experimental fields and agricultural modernization demonstration zones in Pakistan, and to carry out cooperation on the capacity building of agricultural technology…Continue to build on the landmark project of training 1,000 young Pakistani agricultural professionals in China.
Strengthen Maritime Cooperation Dialogue Mechanism to enhance strategic communication on key maritime issues. Work closely on development of the marine economy, sustainable utilization of marine resources, marine scientific research and environmental protection. Strengthen cooperation and exchanges in the field of geology and mining, and conduct basic geological surveys and resource potential assessments in Pakistan. Deepen cooperation in the field of marine oil and gas resources. On the basis of the previous three rounds of joint surveys, a joint comprehensive study will be conducted to deepen understanding of oil and gas geology in the region. Support the bidding process for oil and gas in Pakistan through further selection of prospective hydrocarbon zones and priority targets. The Chinese side will cooperate with Pakistani officials and technicians in the geological and mineral resources sector on geotechnical capacity building. Efforts will be made to actively and prudently advance mining cooperation projects in accordance with market principles.
Turn the Gwadar Port into a regional connectivity hub…Leverage Gwadar port for trade with Afghanistan, Central Asia and beyond.
“…advance the Karakoram Highway II (Thakot-Raikot) realignment project in an orderly and phased manner, and work for an early consensus on its financing...A practical, feasible and sustainable financing and implementation plan, including by considering third-party participation, is being pursued for the upgrade of ML-1 to ensure high-quality development of CPEC connectivity.” Note: This last bit confirms recent reporting that Pakistan is looking for funding for this via the ADB.
“...tap into the potential of existing CPEC power projects and cooperate on capacity building to improve the efficiency and management of Pakistan’s power system.”
“Advance the building of information and communication infrastructure in both countries, and encourage Chinese businesses to carry out projects such as fibre-optic networks, satellite internet and international land and sea cables in Pakistan including for transit internet traffic through Pakistan. Encourage businesses of both countries to develop quality projects in areas such as software, artificial intelligence, 5G, cloud computing and big data. Carry out policy exchanges and practical cooperation on IT industry regulation and radio spectrum management. Encourage educational and scientific institutions of both countries to deepen digital academic exchanges and jointly carry out digital talent development projects. Collaborate to enhance broadbond connectivity and encourage Chinese companies to invest in Pakistan’s digital economy.”
Discussing the Khunjerab Pass, the document says: “Convene the first meeting of the China-Pakistan Land Border Joint Committee to enhance border-related management and cooperation between the two countries (Pakistan and Afghanistan).”
The next section deals with economic, trade and financial cooperation. This section talks about areas like pursuing “trade liberalisation”, cooperation between trade promotion institutions and business associations, single-window facilitation and exchanging trade documents and data electronically, improving cross-border delivery services, cooperation between the Pakistani side and Chinese provinces and cities, etc. Two key points are:
“Support well-established and well-positioned Chinese enterprises in investing in Pakistan, and create for them a safe and convenient business environment in Pakistan.”
“China will continue to provide Pakistan with financial support within its capacity. Further strengthen bilateral financial cooperation, and support each other on various regional and international multilateral financial platforms.”
The next section deals with science, technology and human resources. Key points:
“Strengthen Joint Research Program in applied and basic sciences. Establish joint Labs under BRI for disaster prevention and mitigation, especially for early warning systems, and small hydropower development, and jointly support intergovernmental research programs on earth sciences, climate change, air pollution prevention and control, new materials, new energy sources, food and agriculture, medicine and health, information technology and artificial intelligence.”
“Deepen cooperation on marine science and technology. Conduct joint survey and observational research under the framework of the Memorandum of Understanding on Marine Science and Technology Cooperation Between China and Pakistan. Discuss to conduct research on offshore natural gas hydrates to expand cooperation on energy resources.”
“Continue implementing the 2021-2030 Space Cooperative Outline Programs Between the China National Space Administration and the Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission of Pakistan to support deploying space technology for economic and social development in Pakistan and a better life for its people. Continue to work together on lunar and deep space exploration, and conduct joint selection and training of astronauts. Continue discussions on the establishment of the Pakistan Space Center. Carry out multilevel joint assessments of the International Lunar Research Station. Explore using the international version of the China Platform of Earth Observation System for the application of remote sensing and other space technologies.”
“Strengthen exchanges between agencies on cybersecurity and data security to enhance cooperation in the digital security industry.”
“China will provide Pakistan with 3,000 study and training opportunities from 2025 to 2029.”
After this, we get to security and defense cooperation. Key points:
Combat terrorism in all its forms and manifestations with zero tolerance and further strengthen bilateral and multilateral counter-terrorism cooperation. Strengthen counter-terrorism capacity-building cooperation and share experiences on counter-terrorism. Continue to thoroughly investigate China-related terrorist attacks and apprehend those perpetrators and bring them to justice.
Strengthen security and make better coordination with targeted enhancement of safety measures and security cooperation to ensure the safety and security of Chinese personnel, projects and institutions in Pakistan.
Recognize that Pakistan stands at the forefront of the international fight against terrorism and has made important contributions to the counter-terrorism efforts, and support Pakistan’s continued firm counter-terrorism actions. Urge international community to strengthen counter-terrorism cooperation, continue to express their firm opposition to double standards on counter-terrorism, and oppose the politicization and instrumentalization of counter-terrorism.
Strengthen legal and judicial exchanges and cooperation on the basis of equality, mutual benefit and mutual respect to provide safeguards for the promotion of friendly cooperation between the two countries in all fields.
Continue to discuss the revision of the Protocol to the Border Law Enforcement Cooperation Mechanism to strengthen the legal basis for the maintenance of security and stability of the border pass.
Deepen exchanges and cooperation on anti-corruption, including strengthening experience sharing and personnel exchanges, maintaining coordination and communication in multilateral mechanisms such as the U.N., the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Asian Ombudsman Association, broadening consensus on rejecting safe havens for corruption, and enhancing practical cooperation on fugitive repatriation and asset recovery. Implement the Beijing Initiative for the Clean Silk Road and jointly promote the integrity building of the BRI.
The next section deals with people-to-people exchanges. This covers a range of areas, from archeology, film and television, sub-national cooperation, youth development, education, cultural cooperation, sports, etc.
Key points:
Talented Pakistani students will be invited to study in China in larger numbers.
More Pakistani media and think tanks will be invited to join the Belt and Road News Network, the Silk Road Think Tank Association and the Belt and Road Studies Network.
The Chinese side welcomes Pakistan’s film and television institutions to compete for the Golden Panda Awards.
Strengthen practical cooperation on civil aviation, and encourage and support airlines from both countries to launch new routes and more flights between the two countries.
The final section is about multilateral cooperation and coordination. Some really important points here:
“The Pakistani side spoke highly of the success of China’s central conference on work related to neighboring countries, and commended China for working with neighboring countries to create a better future as China holds high the banner of building a community with a shared future for humanity; champions the building of a peaceful, safe and secure, prosperous, beautiful and amicable home as a common vision; follows the principles of fostering an amicable, secure and prosperous neighborhood, and upholding amity, sincerity, mutual benefit and inclusiveness in its neighborhood diplomacy, as well as the vision of a shared future; takes Asian values of peace, cooperation, openness and inclusiveness as basic guidance; leverages high-quality Belt and Road cooperation as the main platform; and takes an Asian security model as a strategic pillar which features sharing weal and woe, seeking common ground while shelving differences, and dialogue and consultation.”
“Reaffirm the importance of maintaining peace and stability in South Asia and the need to resolve all outstanding disputes, and opposition to any unilateral action. The Pakistani side briefed the Chinese side on the latest developments of the situation in Jammu and Kashmir. The Chinese side reiterated that the Jammu and Kashmir dispute is left over from history, and should be properly and peacefully resolved in accordance with the U.N. Charter, relevant U.N. Security Council resolutions and bilateral agreements. Emphasize the importance of peace and stability in South Asia underpinned by the U.N. Charter, international law and norms governing international relations, as well as the imperative of fulfilling international legal obligations for shared benefit, people’s livelihood, disaster prevention, and win-win cooperation in pursuit of sustainable development.” — Note: These are not-so-subtle criticisms of India’s policy following the terrorist attack in Pahalgam in Kashmir in April. The criticism touches upon India’s military response to the attack and its decision to hold the Indus Water Treaty in abeyance.
The document adds:
“Appreciate China’s role as the rotating president of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, affirm commitment to supporting Pakistan as the next rotating President of the SCO and leveraging Pakistan’s term as a non-permanent member of the U.N. Security Council from 2025 to 2026 to further strengthen coordination and collaboration in the multilateral context in order to uphold the common interests of developing countries and international fairness and justice. Commend Pakistan’s initiatives for strengthening multilateralism, peaceful resolution of disputes, and regional cooperation under its U.N. Security Council Presidency in July 2025.”
They also agreed to:
“Maintain close communication and coordination on the issue of Afghanistan.”
“Call for a full, unconditional and permanent ceasefire in Gaza.”
Page 4: There are reports of Politburo Standing Committee members, Han Zheng and Wang Yi meeting visiting leaders. Let me just highlight who met whom.
Cai Qi met Kyrgyz President Sadyr Japarov
Zhao Leji with Vucic, Luong Cuong, and South Korean National Assembly Speaker Woo Won-shik
Wang Huning met with Congolese President Nguesso
Ding Xuexiang met Thongloun Sisoulith and Woo Won-shik
Li Xi met with the leaders of Zimbabwe and Cuba
Han Zheng met with Slovak PM Fico and Gan Kim Yong, Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore
Wang Yi met with Celso Amorim, chief advisor to the president of Brazil
Page 7: There are reports of two officials being removed for discipline violations.
Li Wenrong, former member of the Party Leadership Group and deputy director of the Yunnan Provincial People’s Congress Standing Committee, was expelled from the Party and removed from public office for serious violations of discipline and law. Li “seriously violated the Party’s political discipline, organizational discipline, integrity discipline, work discipline, and life discipline.”
Zhou Derui, former member of the Standing Committee of the Tianjin Municipal Party Committee and former head of the Organization Department, was expelled from the Party and removed from public office for serious violations of discipline and law. Zhou “seriously violated the Party’s political discipline, organizational discipline, integrity discipline, work discipline, and life discipline.”