Xi Meets Russian PM - Li Meets PMs of Georgia & Serbia - Wang Yi's Article on China post-Fourth Plenum Approach to Foreign Affairs
Here are the key reports and articles from the People’s Daily’s edition on Wednesday, November 5, 2025.
Page 1: The lead report is on Xi Jinping’s meeting with Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin. The report says:
“Xi pointed out that since the beginning of this year, China-Russia relations have steadfastly navigated a turbulent external environment with great composure, aiming for higher-level and higher-quality development goals. Maintaining, consolidating, and developing China-Russia relations is a strategic choice for both sides. President Putin and I met twice, in Moscow and Beijing, and exchanged in-depth views on strategic and overall issues in China-Russia relations, making new plans and arrangements. Both sides should maintain close coordination, implement the important consensus reached between President Putin and myself, focus on the fundamental interests of both countries and their people, expand the pie of China-Russia cooperation, and make new and greater contributions to world peace and development.” 习近平指出，今年以来，中俄关系锚定更高水平、更高质量发展目标，在风高浪急的外部环境中笃定前行。维护好、巩固好、发展好中俄关系，是双方的战略抉择。我同普京总统在莫斯科和北京两次会晤，就中俄关系中的战略性、全局性问题深入交流，作出新的谋划和部署。双方要保持密切协调，落实好我同普京总统达成的重要共识，着眼两国和两国人民的根本利益，把中俄合作的蛋糕做好，也为世界和平与发展作出新的更大贡献.
Xi emphasised that both sides should steadily expand mutual investment, carry out cooperation in traditional areas such as energy, connectivity, agriculture, and aerospace; explore the potential for cooperation in new business models such as artificial intelligence, the digital economy, and green development, creating new growth points for cooperation; and strengthen people-to-people exchanges, enabling more people from all walks of life in both countries to participate in the cause of China-Russia friendly cooperation. Recently, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee reviewed and adopted the 15th FYP Proposal, providing a top-level design and strategic blueprint for China’s economic and social development over the next five years. China will comprehensively advance Chinese-style modernisation, unswervingly promote high-quality economic and social development, and expand high-level opening-up. China is willing to work with Russia to better align China’s 15th FYP with Russia’s economic and social development strategy, continuously benefiting the people of both countries.” 习近平强调，双方要稳步扩大相互投资，开展好能源、互联互通、农业、航空航天等传统领域合作；挖掘人工智能、数字经济、绿色发展等新业态合作潜力，打造新的合作增长点；密切人文交流，让两国社会各界更多人士参与到中俄友好合作的事业中来。前不久，中共二十届四中全会审议通过“十五五”规划建议，对中国未来5年经济社会发展作出顶层设计和战略擘画。中国将全面推进中国式现代化，坚定不移推动经济社会高质量发展，扩大高水平对外开放。中方愿同俄方一道，推动中国“十五五”规划同俄罗斯经济社会发展战略更好对接，不断造福两国人民.
Next, there’s a report on Zhao Leji meeting with participants of the Seminar for Representatives from Pacific Island Countries in Beijing. Xinhua says:
“Zhao noted that China’s relations with Pacific island countries have maintained good development momentum, and said that China has always been a trustworthy friend and reliable partner to these countries. China is willing to work with Pacific island countries to enhance political mutual trust, expand mutually beneficial cooperation, strengthen the alignment of the Belt and Road Initiative and the 2050 Strategy for the Blue Pacific Continent, and implement the four major global initiatives, Zhao said. He called on both sides to strengthen communication across multiple levels and fields among legislative bodies, and to deepen their exchange of experience in governance, legislation and supervision, providing legal guarantees for bilateral cooperation. Representatives of the participating nations said that Pacific island countries adhere to the one-China principle, support the four major global initiatives, and are willing to work with China to promote the construction of a community with a shared future for humanity. They said that the legislative bodies of Pacific island countries are willing to enhance exchange and cooperation with the NPC of China to promote the development of bilateral relations.”
Next, there’s a combined report on Li Qiang’s meetings. First Li with Serbian Prime Minister Djuro Macut in Shanghai. Xinhua says:
“Li said that under the strategic guidance of the two heads of state, relations between China and Serbia have maintained a steady development momentum, and mutually beneficial cooperation in various fields has been accelerated. Since the beginning of this year, the two heads of state have met twice and reached broad consensuses on a series of major issues, mapping a direction for the building of a China-Serbia community with a shared future in the new era, Li said. In the spirit of mutual respect and trust, China is willing to work with Serbia to provide firm mutual support for each other’s core interests and major concerns, continuously enrich the connotations of bilateral relations, promote in-depth and substantive cooperation between the two countries, and bring more benefits to the two peoples, Li said. He noted that the fourth plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China deliberated and adopted recommendations for the formulation of the country’s 15th Five-Year Plan, devising strategic plans for China’s development over the next five years and beyond. He expressed China’s willingness to enhance its alignment with Serbia’s development plan, fully utilise the bilateral free trade agreement with Serbia, promote key projects within the framework of high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, and explore deep cooperation potential in areas such as sci-tech innovation, the green economy, biomedicine and artificial intelligence. He called on both sides to enhance people-to-people and cultural exchanges in fields such as culture, tourism, education and sports. China is ready to coordinate and cooperate closely with Serbia on platforms such as the United Nations, and to encourage all parties to actively implement the four major global initiatives, practice true multilateralism, strengthen and improve global governance, and build a community with a shared future for humanity in an improved manner, Li noted.”
Among other things, “Macut said the Serbian government adheres to the one-China principle and firmly supports China’s legitimate position on safeguarding its core interests…Serbia is a firm supporter of China-proposed concept of building a community with a shared future for humanity, and the four global initiatives, Macut said, adding that his country is willing to strengthen its collaboration with China on multilateral occasions to promote common development and prosperity.”
Li also met with Speaker of the House of Representatives of Nigeria Abbas Tajudeen. Xinhua says:
“Li said that China and Nigeria are good brothers and partners with a deep, long-standing friendship, and in recent years, China-Nigeria relations have entered the fast lane, thanks to the joint efforts of the two sides. China is ready to continue to join hands with Nigeria on the path of advancing modernisation, enhance synergy of development strategies, and expand comprehensive cooperation, to achieve more practical results and better serve the economic and social development of the two countries, he said. Li noted that China and Nigeria are both developing countries with large populations and huge development potential, and said their economic structures are highly complementary. By strengthening their bond of cooperation, they can amass greater development synergy, he added. He said China is willing to work with Nigeria to advance high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, promote the early implementation of zero-tariff measures in Nigeria, and enhance the level of cooperation between the two countries in fields such as trade, investment, agriculture, mining, infrastructure and people’s livelihoods. China also stands ready to expand cooperation with Nigeria in emerging industries such as clean energy, electric vehicles, artificial intelligence and biotechnology. China supports Nigeria in playing a greater role in international and regional affairs, and is ready to enhance coordination and cooperation with the country within multilateral mechanisms such as BRICS, the United Nations and the World Trade Organization, Li added.”
Among other things, Tajudeen reportedly said that “Nigeria adheres firmly to the one-China principle, and firmly supports China’s efforts to safeguard its national sovereignty and territorial integrity. It is willing to enhance its exchange of governance experience with China, expand mutually beneficial cooperation on infrastructure, energy, the economy and trade, and strengthen people-to-people and cultural exchanges”.
Li also met with Georgian Prime Minister Irakli Kobakhidze. The report says:
Li said that since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Georgia 33 years ago, the two sides have always respected and understood each other, and have firmly supported each other’s core interests and major concerns. Since the establishment of the strategic partnership between the two countries in 2023, cooperation in various fields has accelerated, achieving many new results and genuinely benefiting the peoples of both countries. China is willing to always be a true friend and good partner of Georgia, carry forward the fine tradition of mutual support, strengthen strategic communication, expand practical cooperation, jointly advance modernisation construction, and better benefit the two peoples. 李强表示，中格建交33年来，始终相互尊重、相互理解，坚定支持彼此核心利益和重大关切。2023年两国建立战略伙伴关系以来，各领域合作加速推进，取得不少新的成果，实实在在惠及了两国人民。中国愿同格鲁吉亚始终做真朋友、好伙伴，发扬相互支持的优良传统，加强战略沟通，拓展务实合作，共同推进现代化建设，更好造福两国人民.
Li Qiang pointed out that the economies of China and Georgia are highly complementary. The Chinese side is willing to further strengthen the alignment of development strategies with the Georgian side, take high-quality Belt and Road cooperation as the guide, better give play to the role of the Intergovernmental Economic and Trade Cooperation Committee between the two countries, explore more points of mutual interest, and promote the continuous improvement of the quality and efficiency of China–Georgia cooperation. Both sides should take the substantive conclusion of the bilateral free trade agreement upgrade negotiations as an opportunity to deepen cooperation in trade, investment, and connectivity, and expand cooperation in emerging industries such as the digital economy, new energy, and artificial intelligence. It is hoped that the Georgian side will continue to provide a good business environment for Chinese enterprises. The Chinese side is also willing to strengthen exchanges with the Georgian side in such fields as tourism, education, science and technology, culture, and youth, encourage more provinces and cities of the two countries to establish sister-city relations, and promote greater mutual understanding and closeness between the peoples of the two countries. China and Georgia, both being members of the Global South, should strengthen multilateral communication and coordination, implement the four major global initiatives proposed by President Xi Jinping, unite with the vast number of developing countries, uphold multilateralism and free trade, and safeguard the global economic and trade order and international fairness and justice. 李强指出，中格两国经济互补性强，中方愿同格方进一步加强发展战略对接，以高质量共建“一带一路”合作为引领，更好发挥两国政府间经贸合作委员会作用，发掘双方更多利益契合点，推动中格合作不断提质增效。双方要以实质性结束双边自贸协定升级谈判为契机，深化贸易、投资、互联互通等合作，拓展数字经济、新能源、人工智能等新兴产业合作，希望格方继续为中国企业提供良好营商环境。中方也愿同格方加强旅游、教育、科技、文化、青年等领域交流，鼓励双方更多省州市结好，促进两国人民更加相知相亲。中格同为全球南方国家，应当加强多边沟通协调，落实习近平主席提出的四大全球倡议，团结广大发展中国家一道，坚持多边主义和自由贸易，捍卫全球经贸秩序和国际公平正义.
The report adds:
Kobakhidze said that “the Georgian side firmly adheres to the one-China principle and is willing to maintain close exchanges with the Chinese side at all levels, make good use of the bilateral free trade agreement under the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative, further expand cooperation in the fields of trade, investment, connectivity, education, and tourism, and promote personnel exchanges. Under the current international situation, China has played the role of a responsible major country in safeguarding world peace and upholding fairness and justice, injecting valuable stability into a turbulent world. The Georgian side supports the four major global initiatives proposed by President Xi Jinping, and is willing to strengthen multilateral cooperation with the Chinese side to jointly promote world peace, stability, and development.” 格方坚定恪守一个中国原则，愿同中方密切各层级交往，在共建“一带一路”倡议框架内，发挥好双边自贸协定作用，进一步拓展贸易、投资、互联互通、教育、旅游等领域合作，促进人员往来。当前国际形势下，中国发挥了维护世界和平、捍卫公平正义的负责任大国作用，为动荡的世界注入宝贵稳定性。格方支持习近平主席提出的四大全球倡议，愿同中方加强多边协作，共同促进世界和平稳定发展.
The two sides inked deals in areas such as trade, artificial intelligence, agriculture, environmental protection, inspection and quarantine, culture and aviation.
Next, there’s a report on Han Zheng’s visit to Qatar. He delivered a speech at the Second World Summit for Social Development. The report says:
Han emphasised that President Xi Jinping’s concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind, along with GDI, GSI, GCI and GGI, has pointed the way forward for global social development. Recently, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee was successfully convened. Over the next five years, China will promote high-quality development, ensuring that the fruits of this development benefit all its people more broadly and equitably, and injecting more positive energy and certainty into global development. 韩正强调，习近平主席提出构建人类命运共同体理念和全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议、全球治理倡议，为全球社会发展事业指明了方向。近日，中共二十届四中全会成功召开，未来五年，中国将推动高质量发展成果更多更公平惠及全体人民，也将为全球发展事业注入更多正能量和确定性.
He then made four suggestions.
First, adhere to the people-centered approach. The key to implementing a broad social development agenda is to put people first, genuinely improve people’s well-being, especially to meet the urgent needs of developing countries in eliminating poverty, bringing tangible gains, happiness, and security to the people.
Second, focus on common development goals. We must fully implement the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and promote common development among all countries. We must adhere to promoting high-quality and full employment through development, so that everyone has the opportunity to achieve self-development through hard work.
Third, uphold the principle of inclusiveness and equitable access. We must cultivate an inclusive development environment and promote social fairness and justice. Developed countries should assume more responsibility to promote the balanced distribution of resources and equal development opportunities. We must improve the balance and accessibility of public services, allowing the elderly, people with disabilities, women, children, and youth to share the fruits of social development.
Fourth, we must promote the spirit of solidarity and cooperation. We must practice genuine multilateralism, support the UN in playing a central coordinating role in the global social development agenda, and achieve global governance based on consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits. We must enhance the representation and voice of developing countries in global social development governance and promote the development of a more just and equitable international order.
第一，坚持以人为本理念。社会发展各项议程的落实，关键是要以人为本，实实在在改善人民福祉，特别是要满足广大发展中国家对于消除贫困的迫切需求，给人民带来实实在在的获得感、幸福感、安全感。第二，聚焦共同发展目标。要全面落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程，促进世界各国共同发展。要坚持依靠发展促进高质量充分就业，让每个人都有机会通过辛勤劳动实现自身发展。第三，秉持普惠包容原则。要培育普惠包容的发展环境，促进社会公平正义。发达国家应承担更多责任，推动资源均衡分配、发展机会均等。要提高公共服务的均衡性和可及性，让老龄人、残疾人、妇女、儿童、青年等群体共享社会发展成果。第四，弘扬团结合作精神。要践行真正的多边主义，支持联合国在全球社会发展议程中发挥中心协调作用，实现共商共建共享的全球治理。要提高发展中国家在全球社会发展治理中的代表性和发言权，推动国际秩序朝着更加公正合理的方向发展.
Han Zheng said that China looks forward to working with all parties to take this summit as an opportunity to accelerate the implementation of the Copenhagen Declaration and its Programme of Action, inject stronger momentum into global social development, and make greater contributions to building a community with a shared future for mankind. 韩正表示，中方期待同各方一道，以这次峰会召开为契机，加快落实《哥本哈根宣言》和《行动纲领》，为全球社会发展事业注入更强动力，为推动构建人类命运共同体作出更大贡献.
Page 2: The full Joint Communiqué of the 30th Regular Meeting between the Prime Ministers of China and Russia has been published in the paper. This is too long, with several points, to summarise meaningfully.
Also on the page is a report on Wang Yi’s meeting with Estonian Foreign Minister Margus Tsahkna. Xinhua says:
Wang said that “building a mature, stable, mutually respectful, and win-win China-Estonia relationship aligns with the shared interests of both countries and meets the expectations of their people.”
“Estonia is a country with both a rich history and youthful energy, and that the people of China and Estonia share a tradition of friendship. Wang emphasized that China has always followed the principle of equality between major and minor countries in developing bilateral relations. He stated that China was among the first nations to establish diplomatic ties with Estonia, and next year will mark the 35th anniversary of China-Estonia diplomatic relations. Despite differences in history, culture, and national conditions, Wang emphasized that there are no major unresolved issues or fundamental conflicts of interest between the two countries. He added that the recent successful conclusion of the fourth plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee set a strategic plan for China’s development over the next five years. China will further advance deep reforms, high-level opening-up, and innovation-driven development, injecting strong momentum into its modernization process and creating significant opportunities for other countries’ development, Wang said. China is prepared to mark the 35th anniversary of diplomatic ties with Estonia as an opportunity to continue fostering friendship, uphold the partnership focus, boost exchanges at all levels, and build political trust, he added. Wang called on both sides to deepen mutually beneficial cooperation, promote cultural and people-to-people exchanges, and strengthen the positive momentum in bilateral relations. Regarding the Taiwan issue, Wang reiterated that Taiwan is an inseparable part of China’s territory. He pointed out that no country would tolerate violations of its sovereignty and territorial integrity. Stressing the one-China principle forms the political basis for China’s diplomatic relations with other countries, Wang urged Estonia to understand and support China’s legitimate position fully and to uphold the one-China policy through concrete actions. Wang also emphasized that 2025 will be the 50th anniversary of China-Europe diplomatic relations. He emphasized that history has shown China and Europe are partners and that differences in political systems do not mean rivalry. The Chinese foreign minister stated that China is willing to negotiate free trade agreements with European countries, align the Belt and Road Initiative with the EU’s ‘Global Gateway’ plan, and collaborate to reform and strengthen the global governance system. Wang also expressed hope that Estonia would play a constructive role in helping Europe reassess its understanding of China and approach China-Europe relations with mutual respect and rational engagement.”
Also on the page is a report on He Lifeng meeting with David Solomon, chairman and CEO of Goldman Sachs Group. Xinhua reports:
He said that “the heads of state of China and the United States recently held a successful meeting in Busan, the Republic of Korea, charting the course for the next phase of bilateral economic and trade relations. The two sides should work together to act on the important common understandings reached by the two heads of state, He said, adding that doing so will provide greater predictability for businesses from both countries. He noted that it will also promote the steady, sound and sustainable development of China-U.S. trade and economic relations, and contribute to global economic stability. China welcomes the Goldman Sachs Group to continue its investment and business operations in China, He said.”
Page 6: Today’s article on the spirit of the Fourth Plenum is by Wang Yi. Its focus is the concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind. He writes that the Proposal document “makes important strategic arrangements for ‘promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind’, fully demonstrating the far-sighted and broad vision of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, as well as the major country responsibility with a global perspective.”
“We must deeply comprehend and fully implement the spirit of the Proposal, take Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, especially Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy, as our guidance, hold high the bright banner of building a community with a shared future for mankind, continuously open up new prospects for major country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics, create a favourable external environment for comprehensively advancing the building of a strong nation and the great cause of national rejuvenation through Chinese-style modernisation, and make greater contributions to the cause of human peace and progress.” 我们要深刻领悟、全面贯彻《建议》精神，以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想特别是习近平外交思想为引领，高举构建人类命运共同体光辉旗帜，不断开创中国特色大国外交新局面，为以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业营造有利外部环境，为人类和平与进步事业作出更大贡献.
In the first section, Wang makes four points arguing that building a community with a shared future for mankind is a “major original concept put forward by General Secretary Xi Jinping” and “is the core idea of Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy.”
First, building a community with a shared future for mankind follows the laws of development of human society. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: ‘humanity is an integral whole, and the Earth is a common home. In the face of shared challenges, no person or country can remain unaffected. Humanity has only one way out, to work together in solidarity and live in harmony.’ More than 170 years ago, Marx and Engels scientifically predicted the inevitable trend that human history would increasingly become world history. In today’s deeply globalised world, the global nature of human interaction is more profound than ever before, and the interdependence and interconnection between countries are closer than ever before. Building a community with a shared future for mankind scientifically reveals the objective reality that the destinies of countries are interwoven, sharing weal and woe. It clearly advocates the spirit of ‘working together on our shared planet’, an open and inclusive attitude, and a vision of win-win cooperation. It promotes the advancement of relations between nations from peaceful coexistence toward a shared destiny, responds to the common aspirations of people across all countries, and points out the direction of progress for human civilisation. 构建人类命运共同体遵循了人类社会的发展规律。习近平总书记指出：“人类是一个整体，地球是一个家园。面对共同挑战，任何人任何国家都无法独善其身，人类只有和衷共济、和合共生这一条出路。”马克思、恩格斯早在170多年前就科学预测了人类历史越来越成为世界历史的必然趋势。在全球化深入发展的今天，人类交往的世界性比过去任何时候都更深入，各国之间的相互联系和依存比过去任何时候都更紧密。构建人类命运共同体科学揭示了世界各国命运交织、休戚与共的客观现实，旗帜鲜明地倡导“同球共济”的精神、开放包容的胸襟、合作共赢的愿景，推动国与国关系从和平共处迈向命运与共，响应了各国人民的普遍愿望，指明了人类文明的进步方向.
Building a community with a shared future for mankind conforms to the trend of peaceful development in our times. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: ‘this concept conforms to the trend of peace, development, cooperation, and win-win outcomes in our times, opening up a new realm of peace and progress’. Currently, the world has entered a new period of turbulence and transformation, with hegemonism and power politics rampant, and unilateralism and protectionism surging against the tide. How to inject more certainty and stability into a world intertwined with change and chaos is a major issue jointly faced by the international community. Building a community with a shared future for mankind takes the future of humanity as its concern and the well-being of the people as its focus. It advocates transcending conflict and confrontation through peaceful development, replacing absolute security with common security, rejecting zero-sum games with mutual benefit and win–win outcomes, preventing clashes of civilisations through exchanges and mutual learning, and protecting the Earth as our common home through green development. It sets clearer goals and paints a more vivid picture for the future of humanity, pointing out the only correct path for the world at a historical turning point. 构建人类命运共同体顺应了和平发展的时代潮流。习近平总书记指出：“这一理念顺应和平、发展、合作、共赢的时代潮流，开辟了和平和进步的新境界。”当前，世界进入新的动荡变革期，霸权主义、强权政治甚嚣尘上，单边主义、保护主义逆流涌动。如何为变乱交织的世界注入更多确定性和稳定性，是国际社会共同面临的重大课题。构建人类命运共同体以人类前途为怀、以人民福祉为念，主张以和平发展超越冲突对抗、以共同安全取代绝对安全、以互利共赢摒弃零和博弈、以交流互鉴防止文明冲突、以绿色发展呵护地球家园，为人类未来锚定了更明确的目标、描绘了更清晰的图景，为处在历史转折关头的世界指出了唯一正确的道路.
Building a community with a shared future for mankind embodies the original aspiration and mission of the Communist Party of China. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: ‘the Communist Party of China is a political party that seeks happiness for the Chinese people and strives for the cause of human progress’. Currently, socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era and embarked on a new journey. The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has entered an irreversible historical process, and China has become a responsible major country with greater international influence, innovative leadership, and moral appeal. The concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind fully reflects the worldview, conception of order, and values of the Chinese Communists, and fully demonstrates our Party’s historical consciousness of making greater contributions to human development and progress. It has been written into the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China and the Constitution of the Communist Party of China, and has been elevated to the lofty mission of China’s diplomacy. 构建人类命运共同体彰显了中国共产党的初心使命。习近平总书记指出：“中国共产党是为中国人民谋幸福的政党，也是为人类进步事业而奋斗的政党。”当前，中国特色社会主义进入新时代、迈上新征程，中华民族伟大复兴进入不可逆转的历史进程，我国已经成为更具国际影响力、创新引领力、道义感召力的负责任大国。构建人类命运共同体的理念，充分体现了中国共产党人的世界观、秩序观、价值观，充分彰显了我们党为人类发展进步作出更大贡献的历史自觉，已写入中华人民共和国宪法和中国共产党章程，上升为中国外交的崇高使命.
Building a community with a shared future for mankind has garnered broad consensus in the international community. Since the beginning of the new era, the concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind has evolved from a theoretical proposition into a scientific system, from a beautiful vision into rich practice, and from a Chinese initiative into an international consensus. It is increasingly gaining broad understanding and recognition from the international community and is increasingly becoming a public good with significant symbolic meaning. Currently, dozens of countries and regions have reached consensus with China on building communities with a shared future in different forms. The construction of communities with a shared future in various fields such as cyberspace, nuclear security, health, the relationship between mankind and nature, and the oceans is also progressing steadily. Building a community with a shared future for mankind has been included in UN General Assembly resolutions for eight consecutive years and has been incorporated into bilateral and multilateral declarations on multiple occasions. Facts have proven that building a community with a shared future for mankind has become the greatest common denominator for people of all countries to jointly build a better world, and it will increasingly demonstrate its powerful influence, vitality, and appeal, becoming a shining banner leading the times forward. 构建人类命运共同体凝聚了国际社会的广泛共识。新时代以来，构建人类命运共同体从理念主张发展为科学体系，从美好愿景转化为丰富实践，从中国倡议扩大为国际共识，正在赢得国际社会越来越广泛的理解和认同，日益成为具有重大标识意义的公共产品。目前，已有数十个国家及地区同中国达成了建设不同形式命运共同体的共识，网络空间、核安全、卫生健康、人与自然、海洋等各领域的命运共同体建设也在稳步推进。构建人类命运共同体已连续八年写入联大决议，多次被纳入双多边宣言。事实证明，构建人类命运共同体已成为各国人民共建美好世界的最大公约数，必将越来越展现出强大的影响力、生命力、感召力，成为引领时代前进的光辉旗帜.
In the second section, Wang makes six points outlining the main tasks of building a community with a shared future for mankind. These are:
Advocating for equal and orderly world multipolarity and universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalisation. This is the Chinese solution we have put forward in response to a series of major issues and major challenges facing the world today, enhancing the practicality and guiding significance of building a community with a shared future for mankind. To advocate for equal and orderly world multipolarity means upholding the equality of all countries, large and small, effectively advancing the democratisation of international relations, ensuring that the multipolarization process is generally constructive, and that all countries can find their own position in it and play their due role. To advocate for universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalisation means conforming to the universal aspirations of all countries around the world, especially developing countries, properly addressing the development imbalances between countries and within countries caused by global resource allocation, supporting countries in embarking on development paths suited to their own national conditions, and promoting the maintenance of growth momentum and vitality in the global economy. 倡导平等有序的世界多极化、普惠包容的经济全球化。这是我们针对当今世界面临的一系列重大问题、重大挑战给出的中国方案，增强了构建人类命运共同体的实践性和指导性。倡导平等有序的世界多极化，就是要坚持大小国家一律平等，切实推进国际关系民主化，确保多极化进程总体具有建设性，各国都能在其中找到自身的位置，发挥应有的作用。倡导普惠包容的经济全球化，就是要顺应世界各国尤其是发展中国家的普遍诉求，解决好资源全球配置造成的国家间和各国内部的发展失衡，支持各国走出符合自身国情的发展道路，推动全球经济保持增长动力与活力.
Deepening integration of development with the periphery. The periphery is key to promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. Since the new era, General Secretary Xi Jinping has put forward the vision of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit, and inclusiveness toward the peripheral diplomacy, and has advocated promoting the building of a community with a shared future in the periphery. With head-of-state diplomacy as our guide, we have deepened all-round cooperation and strengthened exchanges in various fields with peripheral countries, jointly maintaining regional peace and stability. China’s strategic mutual trust with peripheral countries has been continuously consolidated, the level of connectivity has continued to improve, and industrial chain and supply chain cooperation has been increasingly deepened. China has already established the common goal of building communities with a shared future with 17 peripheral countries, achieving full coverage in the Indochina Peninsula and Central Asia regions. China’s relations with its periphery have entered the best period since modern times, while also facing deep linkage between the peripheral landscape and changes in the world situation. We must examine the periphery with a global perspective, strengthen our sense of responsibility and mission in managing peripheral affairs well, continuously deepen integrated development with our periphery, work hand in hand with peripheral countries to create a better future together, and foster a harmonious and friendly regional environment conducive to China’s reform, development, and stability. 深化周边发展融合。周边是推动构建人类命运共同体的关键。新时代以来，习近平总书记提出亲诚惠容周边外交理念，倡导推动构建周边命运共同体。我们以元首外交为引领，同周边国家深化全方位合作、加强各领域交流，共同维护了地区和平稳定。中国同周边国家的战略互信不断巩固，互联互通水平持续提高，产业链供应链合作日益深化，已经同周边17个国家确立构建命运共同体共同目标，在中南半岛和中亚地区形成构建命运共同体全覆盖。我国同周边关系进入近代以来最好时期，同时也面临周边格局和世界变局的深度联动。必须以全球视野审视周边，增强做好周边工作的责任感使命感，不断深化同周边的发展融合，携手周边国家共创美好未来，为我国改革发展稳定营造睦邻友好的周边环境. (Note: I think it is extremely significant that this is the second point in Wang’s hierarchy of tasks. It is indicative of a shift in the approach to the periphery, making it the priority in Chinese diplomacy in this period.)
Maintaining overall stability in major-country relations. Major countries bear special responsibilities and should uphold a sense of community with a shared future, demonstrate historical initiative, and promote historical progress. Since the new era, Chinese diplomacy has actively promoted major-country coordination and positive interaction, pushing forward the construction of a major-country relations framework characterised by peaceful coexistence, overall stability, and balanced development. We have deepened the China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination for the new era, forging a new path for major countries and neighbouring countries to get along with one another through mutual respect, amity, and win–win cooperation. Based on the principles of mutual respect, peaceful coexistence, and win-win cooperation, we have eliminated interference, overcome obstacles, and strived for healthy, stable, and sustainable development of China-US relations. We have linked together the two major forces, two major markets, and two major civilisations of China and Europe, and promoted the building of a China–Europe comprehensive strategic partnership with global influence. We have actively advanced cooperation with emerging major countries, jointly promoting the high-quality development of ‘Greater BRICS’ cooperation. Positive interaction among major countries helps maintain global strategic stability and provides a solid guarantee for China to deepen all-round external cooperation and safeguard a favourable external environment. 维护大国关系总体稳定。大国肩上承担着特殊责任，应当秉持命运共同体意识，展现历史主动，推动历史进步。新时代以来，中国外交积极促进大国协调和良性互动，推动构建和平共处、总体稳定、均衡发展的大国关系格局。我们深化中俄新时代全面战略协作伙伴关系，走出了一条大国、邻国之间相互尊重、和睦相处、合作共赢的崭新道路；我们基于相互尊重、和平共处、合作共赢原则，排除干扰，克服障碍，力争中美关系健康、稳定、可持续发展；我们把中欧两大力量、两大市场、两大文明连接起来，推动建设具有全球影响力的中欧全面战略伙伴关系；我们积极推进同新兴大国合作，共同推动“大金砖合作”高质量发展。大国之间的良性互动，有利于维护全球战略稳定，有助于为我国深化全方位对外合作、维护良好外部环境提供坚实保障.
Deepening solidarity and cooperation with developing countries. A vast number of developing countries are China’s natural allies in international affairs and have always been at the forefront of advancing the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. As the largest developing country in the world today and an important member of the Global South, China has consistently upheld the principles advocated by General Secretary Xi Jinping, i.e., sincerity, real results, affinity, and good faith, and the correct view of righteousness and benefit, strengthening solidarity and cooperation with developing countries and firmly safeguarding the common interests of developing nations. In particular, in recent years, China and Africa have worked hand in hand to advance the ‘six modernisations’ and jointly implement the ‘10 partnership actions’; with Latin American countries, China has launched the ‘five major projects’; with Arab countries, it has promoted the ‘8 joint actions’ and built the ‘5 cooperation frameworks’; and with Pacific island countries, it has established the ‘seven cooperation platforms’. China’s traditional friendship with the broad developing world continues to be consolidated, and the level of cooperation is steadily rising. 深化同发展中国家团结合作。广大发展中国家是中国在国际事务中的天然同盟军，一直走在推动构建人类命运共同体的前列。作为当今世界最大的发展中国家和全球南方重要成员，中国始终秉持习近平总书记倡导的真实亲诚理念和正确义利观，加强同发展中国家团结合作，坚定维护发展中国家共同利益。特别是近年来，中国与非洲携手推进“六个现代化”、共同实施“十大伙伴行动”，与拉美国家启动“五大工程”，与阿拉伯国家推进“八大共同行动”、构建“五大合作格局”，同太平洋岛国打造“七个合作平台”，同广大发展中国家传统友谊不断巩固，合作水平日益提升.
Implementing the Global Development Initiative, Global Security Initiative, Global Civilization Initiative, and Global Governance Initiative. The four major global initiatives are important public goods that General Secretary Xi Jinping has contributed to the world and are the strategic guidance for building a community with a shared future for mankind. The GDI focuses on international development cooperation, providing assistance for advancing the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The GSI focuses on resolving international disputes through dialogue and consultation, providing new thinking for international security cooperation. The GCI is committed to promoting exchanges and mutual learning among civilisations, clarifying practical pathways for building a diverse and inclusive civilisation ecology. The GGI anchors the principles, methods, and pathways for reforming the global governance system and mechanisms, injecting powerful momentum into building a more just and reasonable global governance system. The four major global initiatives each have their own focus, yet complement one another. Together, from the four dimensions of development, security, civilisation, and governance, they jointly provide an important foundation for building a community with a shared future for mankind. 落实全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议、全球治理倡议。四大全球倡议是习近平总书记向世界贡献的重要公共产品，是构建人类命运共同体的战略引领。全球发展倡议聚焦国际发展合作，为推动联合国2030年可持续发展议程提供助力。全球安全倡议着眼对话协商解决国际争端，为国际安全合作提供了新的思路。全球文明倡议致力促进文明交流互鉴，为构建多元包容的文明生态明确了现实路径。全球治理倡议锚定全球治理体制机制改革的原则、方法和路径，为建设更加公正合理的全球治理体系注入了强大动力。四大全球倡议各有侧重，并行不悖，分别从发展、安全、文明、治理四个维度，共同为构建人类命运共同体提供重要依托.
Promoting the building of a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness and inclusiveness, and cleanliness and beauty. The ‘Five Worlds’ constitute the overall goal of building a community with a shared future for mankind and represent the extension, at the international level, of the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Building a world of lasting peace means upholding dialogue and consultation, better resolving disputes and conflicts, and eliminating wars and hostilities. Building a world of universal security means upholding joint contribution and shared benefits, and coordinating responses to both traditional and non-traditional security threats. Building a world of common prosperity means upholding cooperation for mutual benefit and promoting the development of an open, inclusive, balanced, and win–win economic globalisation that benefits all. Building a world of openness and inclusiveness means upholding exchanges and mutual learning, carrying forward the common values of all humankind, and promoting mutual learning and common progress among different civilisations by drawing on each other’s strengths. Building a world of cleanliness and beauty means upholding green and low-carbon development and pursuing a path of sustainable development. The ‘Five Worlds’ are interconnected and mutually reinforcing, forming an organic whole. They provide a worldview foundation and methodological guidance for building a better world, and point the way forward for the future and destiny of humankind. 推动建设持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界。“五个世界”是人类命运共同体建设的总目标，也是中国特色社会主义事业“五位一体”总体布局在国际层面的延伸。建设持久和平的世界，就是坚持对话协商，更好化解纷争和矛盾、消弭战乱和冲突；建设普遍安全的世界，就是坚持共建共享，统筹应对传统和非传统安全威胁；建设共同繁荣的世界，就是坚持合作共赢，推动建设一个开放、包容、普惠、平衡、共赢的经济全球化；建设开放包容的世界，就是坚持交流互鉴，弘扬全人类共同价值，促进不同文明取长补短、共同进步；建设清洁美丽的世界，就是坚持绿色低碳，寻求永续发展之路。“五个世界”相互联系、相辅相成，是一个有机整体，为建设更加美好世界提供了世界观基础和方法论引领，为人类的前途和未来指明了方向. (Note: I think this is an important point about the extension of domestic policy thinking and order-making to the external world. For scholars and analysts, this is worth keeping in mind. All foreign policy is fundamentally an extension of domestic politics. One cannot have two wholly independent approaches. What you do at home will reflect in external action. In this context, it is important to think about the Chinese government’s policies with regard to minority communities, cultural assimilation, development priority, securitised governance, etc, which invariably influence foreign policy approaches.)
The final section mentions five points for folks to grasp the practical requirements of building a community with a shared future for mankind. These are:
Upholding and Strengthening the Party’s Leadership. The Party’s leadership is the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the most fundamental principle and greatest political advantage of Chinese diplomacy. We must unswervingly uphold the Party Central Committee’s authority over foreign affairs, consciously obey the centralised and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, further strengthen the system and mechanisms for the Party’s leadership over foreign affairs, and continuously improve our political judgment, political understanding, and political execution capabilities to ensure the full implementation of the Party Central Committee’s decisions and plans on foreign affairs. We must resolutely use Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy to arm our minds, guide our practice, and promote our work, deeply understand its essence, core meaning, and latest developments, and strive to integrate, apply, and transform it to propel foreign affairs work to a new level and create a new situation. We must deepen the comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, strengthen loyalty, integrity, and responsibility, improve the normalised and long-term mechanism for work style construction, and build a diplomatic iron army that is loyal to the Party, courageous in taking responsibility, dares to struggle and is skilled at struggle, and disciplined and upright. 要坚持和加强党的领导。党的领导是中国特色社会主义最本质的特征，是中国外交最根本原则和最大政治优势。要毫不动摇坚持外交大权在党中央，自觉服从党中央集中统一领导，进一步强化党领导对外工作的体制机制，不断提高自身的政治判断力、政治领悟力、政治执行力，确保党中央对外工作决策部署得到不折不扣贯彻落实。要坚定不移用习近平外交思想武装头脑、指导实践、推动工作，深刻领悟其精神实质、核心要义和最新发展，着力做好融会贯通与运用转化，推动对外工作迈上新台阶、开创新局面。要深入推进全面从严治党，强化忠诚干净担当，完善作风建设常态化长效化机制，打造一支对党忠诚、勇于担当、敢斗善斗、纪律严明的外交铁军.
Uphold the people-centered approach. Building a community with a shared future for mankind embodies the people’s stance of the Communist Party of China and the people-oriented nature of China’s foreign policy, enabling us always to gain wide support and to occupy the moral high ground. We must actively respond to the common concerns of the peoples of all countries, uphold justice amid the chaos and transformations taking place in the world, and take responsibility at critical moments, firmly acting as a defender of world peace and a promoter of global development. We must adhere to the people-centered development philosophy, place development at the center of the international agenda, better bridge the North–South development gap, and promote the modernisation of all countries in a world of peaceful development, mutually beneficial cooperation, and common prosperity. We must practice the concept of consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits in governance, ensuring that the people of all countries jointly participate in global governance and share the fruits of global governance, and work together to address the common challenges faced by human society. 要坚持以人民为中心。构建人类命运共同体彰显了中国共产党的人民立场和中国对外政策的人民性，使我们始终得道多助，占据道义高地。要积极回应各国人民普遍关切，在世界乱局变局中主持公道，在重大关键时刻担当作为，坚定做世界和平的维护者、全球发展的促进者。要坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，将发展置于国际议程的中心位置，更好弥合南北发展鸿沟，推动实现和平发展、互利合作、共同繁荣的世界各国现代化。要践行共商共建共享的治理观，保障各国人民共同参与全球治理、共享全球治理成果，合力应对人类社会面临的共同挑战.
Maintain integrity while pursuing innovation. Advancing diplomatic work through maintaining integrity while pursuing innovation is an inevitable requirement for building a community with a shared future for mankind, and is also an inevitable requirement for winning strategic initiative in fierce international competition. We must, with more proactive historical consciousness and more vibrant creative spirit, continuously advance innovation in diplomatic theory and practice, and promote the continuous renewal and enhancement of diplomatic work in terms of concepts, systems, and capabilities. We must maintain an open mind, draw on the experiences and lessons from diplomatic transformations in various countries, deepen our understanding of the laws governing the development of international relations, and constantly enhance the scientific nature, initiative, and creativity of our foreign affairs work. We must, in combination with the priorities of China’s modernisation construction and important international agendas in the coming period, explore new thinking and new measures for foreign affairs work, and proactively shape a new pattern in China’s relations with the world. 要坚持守正创新。推进外交守正创新是构建人类命运共同体的必然要求，也是在激烈国际竞争中赢得战略主动的必然要求。要以更加主动的历史自觉、更富活力的创造精神，持续推进外交理论和实践创新，推动外交工作在观念、体制、能力等方面不断革新和提升。要保持开放胸怀，汲取各国外交变革的经验教训，深化对国际关系发展规律的认识，不断增强对外工作的科学性、主动性、创造性。要结合未来一个时期我国现代化建设重点和国际重要议程，探索对外工作的新思路新举措，主动塑造中国与世界关系新格局.
Adhere to systematic thinking. In promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind amid the accelerating rvolution of major global changes unseen in a century, we must apply methods and perspectives that recognize universal interconnection, comprehensiveness, and constant development and change. We must establish a global perspective, further integrate China’s development with the world’s development, further integrate the interests of the Chinese people with the interests of the world’s people, and correctly guide the direction of development of major changes in the world. We must adhere to the guiding principles of self-confidence and self-reliance, openness and inclusiveness, fairness and justice, and win-win cooperation, deepen our diplomatic layout in keeping with the times, grasp the principal contradictions, emphasise problem orientation, and implement the key tasks of diplomatic strategic deployment. We must, standing at the height of both the domestic and international overall situations, properly handle major relationships such as those between development and security, openness and autonomy, and cooperation and competition, and enhance the overall planning, systematic integration, and coordinated efficiency of our external work. 要坚持系统观念。在加速演进的世界大变局中推动构建人类命运共同体，必须运用普遍联系、全面系统、发展变化的观点方法。要树立世界眼光，把中国的发展和世界的发展进一步结合起来，把中国人民的利益和世界人民的利益进一步结合起来，正确引领世界大变局的发展走向。要坚持自信自立、开放包容、公道正义、合作共赢的方针原则，与时俱进深化外交布局，抓住主要矛盾，突出问题导向，把外交战略部署的重点任务落到实处。要站在国内国际两个大局的高度，处理好发展和安全、开放和自主、合作和竞争等重大关系，增强对外工作的整体谋划、系统集成、协同高效.
Uphold and carry forward the spirit of struggle. Our Party has never been afraid of ghosts, never believed in evil forces, and never feared pressure. Only by daring to struggle and being skilled in struggle can we overcome all kinds of difficulties and obstacles. We must maintain strategic resolve, strengthen our confidence in certain victory, actively identify changes, respond to changes, and seek changes, courageously face major tests amid high winds and turbulent waves or even tempestuous storms and raging billows, and through tenacious struggle open up new horizons for the development of diplomatic endeavours. We must enhance our awareness of potential dangers, firmly establish bottom-line thinking, and with a combat-ready posture of an arrow on the bowstring and a firm will that fears no powerful forces, resolutely safeguard our country’s sovereignty, security, and development interests. We must strengthen our ability to struggle, enhance strategic and tactical planning, utilise multilateral mechanisms and rules, take a clear stand in opposing hegemonic, domineering, and bullying conduct, and maximise the cohesion of forces for peaceful development and progress. 要坚持发扬斗争精神。我们党从来不怕鬼、不信邪、不怕压，唯有敢于斗争、善于斗争，才能战胜各种艰难险阻。要保持战略定力，增强必胜信心，积极识变应变求变，勇于面对风高浪急甚至惊涛骇浪的重大考验，通过顽强斗争打开外交事业发展新天地。要增强忧患意识，树牢底线思维，以箭在弦上的备战姿态和不畏强权的坚定意志，坚决维护好国家主权、安全、发展利益。要增强斗争本领，加强战略策略运筹，运用多边机制规则，旗帜鲜明地反对霸权霸道霸凌行径，最大限度凝聚起和平发展进步的力量。(Note: This, for me, is probably the most consequential paragraph of this article. It outlines the intense threat perception of the Chinese leadership in the context of strategic competition with the US. In the past week, there’s been a lot of talk about a G2 between China and the US. This is nonsense, and as I had argued, no one serious in Beijing will buy the idea unless there are significant shifts in American policy to accommodate China’s core interests. Wang’s emphasis on struggle underscores that when one looks at the world from Beijing’s perspective, the years ahead are not going to be smooth sailing. Opening up new horizons will need “tenacious struggle.”)
Wang ends the piece with this:
“The banner guides our direction, and hard work creates the future. We must unite more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, deeply understand the decisive significance of the Two Establishments, earnestly earnestly achieve the Two Safeguards, deeply study and faithfully practice Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, particularly Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy, continuously create new prospects for major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics, and strive tirelessly to secure new victories in comprehensively building a modern socialist country and write new chapters in building a community with a shared future for mankind!” 旗帜引领方向，奋斗开创未来。我们要更加紧密地团结在以习近平同志为核心的党中央周围，深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，切实做到“两个维护”，深学笃行习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想特别是习近平外交思想，不断开创中国特色大国外交新局面，为夺取全面建设社会主义现代化国家新胜利、书写构建人类命运共同体新篇章而不懈奋斗!