Breakdown of Key Outcomes from FOCAC Summit & Xi's Meetings with Visiting African Leaders
Here are the key reports and articles that I found noteworthy from the People’s Daily’s edition on Friday, September 06, 2024.
By and large, the entire paper today is dedicated to the FOCAC summit. The main story on the page is about Xi Jinping’s keynote speech at the FOCAC meeting. I covered this yesterday. The only additions to that in today’s report are the summarised response of African leaders and the announcement of two outcome documents.
“In the current complex and turbulent international situation, deepening cooperation with China has increasingly become a hope for African countries to achieve security, stability, and sustainable development. China and Africa share similar philosophies. The African side highly appreciates and fully supports the important concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind proposed by President Xi Jinping, as well as the Belt and Road Initiative, the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative. It is willing to work with China to advocate for the common values of humanity and support countries in exploring modernization paths that align with their national conditions. Africa firmly adheres to the one-China policy, firmly supports all efforts made by the Chinese government to achieve national reunification, and firmly opposes external forces interfering in China’s internal affairs by taking advantage of issues such as Taiwan and human rights. Africa congratulates the successful convening of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, and believes that China’s further comprehensive deepening of reform and promotion of Chinese-style modernization will bring more development opportunities to countries around the world, including African countries. Africa is willing to continue to uphold the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and the spirit of China-Africa friendship and cooperation with China, actively implement the outcomes of this summit, work together to promote industrialization and agricultural modernization, build an all-weather community with a shared future for Africa and China in the new era, and jointly move towards a bright future of peace, security, prosperity and progress.” 在当前复杂动荡国际形势下，深化对华合作更加成为非洲国家实现安全、稳定和可持续发展的希望。非中理念相近。非方高度赞赏并完全支持习近平主席提出的构建人类命运共同体重要理念和共建“一带一路”倡议、全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议，愿同中方共同倡导全人类共同价值，支持各国探索符合本国国情的现代化道路。非方坚定奉行一个中国政策，坚定支持中国政府为实现国家统一所作的一切努力，坚决反对外部势力借台湾、人权等问题干涉中国内政。非方祝贺中国共产党二十届三中全会成功召开，相信中国进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化将为包括非洲国家在内的世界各国带来更多发展机遇。非方愿同中方继续秉持和平共处五项原则和中非友好合作精神，积极落实此次峰会成果，携手推进工业化和农业现代化，构建新时代全天候非中命运共同体，共同迈向和平、安全、繁荣、进步的光明前景.
The summit adopted:
the Beijing Declaration on Jointly Building an All-Weather China-Africa Community with a Shared Future for the New Era
the Beijing Action Plan of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (2025-2027).
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has shared the English text of both those documents.
Key excerpts of the Beijing Declaration on Jointly Building an All-Weather China-Africa Community with a Shared Future for the New Era.
“We fully affirm that Chinese and African leaders advocate on various occasions visions and initiatives of building a community with a shared future for mankind, high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, the Global Development Initiative (GDI), the Global Security Initiative (GSI) and the Global Civilization Initiative (GCI).
China and Africa stand ready to enhance exchanges between countries, legislatures and governments, and at subnational levels, deepen experience sharing in such areas as governance, modernization and poverty reduction, and support each other in exploring models of modernization based on the characteristics of their own civilizations, development needs, science, technology and innovation. China will always walk side by side with Africa on its path to modernization.
China will continue to respect African countries’ political and economic choices based on their own national conditions and honor the principles of noninterference in African countries’ internal affairs and nonattachment of political strings to assistance to Africa.
We underscore that China and Africa are committed to supporting each other on issues of their core interests and major concerns. China reaffirms its firm support for Africa’s efforts to safeguard national independence and unity, territorial integrity, sovereignty, security and development interests. Africa reaffirms its firm commitment to the one-China principle, and reaffirms that there is but one China in the world, Taiwan is an inalienable part of China’s territory and the Government of the People’s Republic of China is the sole legal government representing the whole of China, and firmly supports all efforts by the Chinese government to achieve national reunification. Issues related to Hong Kong, Xinjiang and Xizang are China’s internal affairs, as observed in international law and the noninterference principle.
We firmly oppose politicization of human rights agenda and politicization of the United Nations Human Rights Council and its relevant mechanisms, and oppose all forms of neocolonialism and international economic exploitation. We call on the international community to resolutely resist and combat all forms of racism and racial discrimination, and oppose acts of intolerance, stigmatization, and incitement to violence against people based on religion or belief.
China supports African countries in increasing their influence and role in global governance, in particular, by requiring a more inclusive framework to address the world’s problems. China believes that Africans are qualified to serve as heads of international organizations and institutions, and supports their work. Africa appreciates it that China is the first country to support the AU in joining the G20. China will continue to support the priorities concerning Africa at the G20. China applauds and welcomes more African countries to join the BRICS family and welcomes the Cameroonian candidate to serve as the President of the 79th session of the U.N. General Assembly.
We call for necessary reform and strengthening of the U.N. including its Security Council, redressing the historical injustices done to Africa, and increasing the representation of developing countries, African countries in particular, in the U.N. and its Security Council. China supports making special arrangements on the U.N. Security Council reform to meet Africa’s aspiration as a priority.
China and Africa will continue to uphold the core values and basic principles of the World Trade Organization (WTO), oppose attempts to decouple with others and sever supply chains, resist unilateralism and protectionism, safeguard the legitimate interests of the developing members, including China and African countries, and add vitality and momentum to global economic growth. China supports the 14th Ministerial Meeting of the WTO to be held in 2026 on African continent, in generating development-oriented outcomes. China and Africa will actively participate in the reform of the WTO and believe that the reform should aim at building an inclusive, transparent, open, nondiscriminatory and fair multilateral trading system. It needs to reinforce the centrality of developmental agenda in the WTO work, and have a full and well-functioning dispute settlement mechanism, while preserving the fundamental principles of the WTO. We condemn the unilateral coercive measures imposed by some developed countries, which infringe on the right to sustainable development of developing countries, and measures of unilateralism and protectionism adopted under the pretext of addressing climate change and protecting the environment, such as the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). We will stay committed to building safe and stable supply chains for key minerals, to benefit the entire world and promote the sustainable development of Chinese and African peoples. We welcome the initiative of the U.N. General Assembly to establish a panel to advise on how to enhance international cooperation with regard to critical energy transition minerals. We call for helping supplying countries of raw materials to increase the value of their industrial chains.
China commends Uganda for successfully convening the 19th Non-Aligned Movement Summit and the G77 plus China Third South Summit in January 2024 to advance solidarity and cooperation of the Global South. China and Africa, as the biggest developing country and the continent home to the largest number of developing countries, belong to the Global South. We invariably stand in solidarity with fellow developing countries through thick and thin, uphold independence, respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, and noninterference in internal affairs, and seek unity and development. We stand against drawing lines on ideological grounds, oppose bloc confrontation, and safeguard the common interests of the Global South in the new round of reform on global governance system. China congratulates the Gambia for hosting the 15th Summit of Heads of State and Government of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation in May 2024, which addressed matters that affect not only Muslims around the world but all humanity, through constructive dialogue.
We call on the international community to implement such principles as equity and common but differentiated responsibilities, respect countries’ independent choice of the path of energy transition in line with their respective national realities to achieve the common objectives of the entire world, accommodate and take seriously the particularities of developing countries including African countries, and place equal importance on small island developing states and landlocked developing countries. While recalling the spirit of the Marrakech Declaration issued at the First Africa Action Summit held in November 2016, we call on developed countries to do more to honor their obligation of providing and mobilizing climate finance to developing countries under the Green Climate Fund, the Loss and Damage Fund and the Adaptation Fund, among others, firmly fulfill their obligation of taking the lead in reducing emissions, lay equal importance on mitigation and adaptation, and strengthen financial, technical, and capacity-building support for African countries to help them enhance their ability, adaptability and resilience to tackle climate change. We call on developed countries to take seriously the special needs of developing countries including African countries in responding to climate change challenges and achieving sustainable development and transition, and provide more predictable and sustainable financial support and technology transfer in addition to development assistance.
China is ready to negotiate and sign the framework agreement of China-Africa Economic Partnership for Shared Development with interested African countries, work for more flexible and practical trade and investment liberalization arrangements, and seize the initiative by opening itself wider to African countries, so as to provide long-term, stable and predictable institutional safeguard for economic and trade cooperation between China and Africa. China will open its market wider to the least developed countries including those in Africa and encourage Chinese businesses to increase their direct investment in Africa.
We will enhance China-Africa cooperation in investment sector, promote coordination on industrial and supply chains between China and Africa, increase the capacities of both sides to produce and export high value-added products, support our companies in utilizing mutually beneficial cooperation in various forms, encourage our financial institutions to strengthen cooperation and expand bilateral local currency settlement and diversify foreign exchange reserves. China supports the building of platforms at subnational level for economic and trade exchanges with Africa, promotes the coordinated development between its subnational industrial parks and Chinese economic and trade cooperation zones in Africa, and advances the building of corridors to Africa from its central and western regions. China encourages Chinese companies to increase investment in Africa and employ local labor force, fully respect international law, local laws and regulations, customs and religious beliefs, and fulfill their social responsibilities. China supports localized production and processing in Africa to help African countries achieve self-generated sustainable development. China is ready to sign and implement bilateral investment promotion and facilitation agreements with African countries, so as to provide a stable, fair and enabling business environment for Chinese and African businesses, and safeguard the safety, security and legitimate rights and interests of personnel, projects and institutions of the two sides. China supports the development of African SMEs and encourages Africa to make good use of the Special Loan for the Development of African SMEs. The two sides commend the Alliance of Chinese business in Africa for Social Responsibilities (ACBASR) for implementing the initiative of ‘100 companies in 1,000 villages’, and guiding Chinese businesses in Africa to fulfill their social responsibilities.
China will continue providing support to African financial institutions. Africa appreciates the important contribution China has made to debt treatment of African countries, including case-by-case debt treatment under the Common Framework for Debt Treatment beyond the DSSI and the transfer of US$10 billion in Special Drawing Rights from the IMF to African countries. We call on international financial institutions and commercial creditors to participate in debt treatment of African countries in line with the principle of joint action and fair burden-sharing and work together to help African countries address this key issue…We reaffirm that the sovereign credit rating of developing economies including African countries by some international institutions will affect their borrowing costs and should be more objective and transparent. We encourage the creation of an African rating agency, within the framework of the AU and with the support of the African Development Bank. The agency aims to establish a new evaluation system which takes into account the specificities of African economies.
China will work with Africa to accelerate the development of new quality productive forces, jointly boost innovation and market application of scientific and technological advances, and push forward full integration of digital and real economies. We will jointly improve global governance of science and technology and build an inclusive, open, fair, just and nondiscriminatory environment for the development of science and technology…The African side welcomes China’s Global AI Governance Initiative and Global Initiative on Data Security, and appreciates China’s efforts to promote the rights of developing countries in the global governance of artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet, and data. China and Africa agree to join hands to halt abuses of AI through adoption of measures including the establishment of national code of conduct and expansion of digital literacy. We believe it is important to place equal emphasis on development and security, further bridge the AI divide and the digital divide, jointly fend off risks, and explore the formation of relevant international governance frameworks with the U.N. as the main channel.
We reiterate our readiness to enhance coordination on African peace and security affairs at the U.N. Security Council level and safeguard our common interests. We reiterate the importance of peacekeeping and the role that U.N. peacekeeping operations play in safeguarding peace and security in Africa and worldwide. China supports U.N. funding for Africa’s independent peace operations pursuant to U.N. Security Council Resolution 2719. We commend Africa’s efforts to combat the growing scourge of terrorism in Africa, particularly in the Horn of Africa and the Sahel, and call for the channeling of more global counterterrorism resources to developing countries to help African countries, particularly those affected, enhance their counterterrorism capacity building. We reaffirm our commitment to tackle emerging maritime security challenges facing African littoral states, and combat transnational organized crimes such as drugs, weapons and human trafficking. China supports the initiative of AUDA-NEPAD to develop a program focused on the peace-security-development tripartite nexus, and will support the AU Center for Post-Conflict Reconstruction and Development in the implementation of these programs.
On Gaza, the statement calls for an “immediate ceasefire and end of the fighting” and stresses “importance of achieving a comprehensive settlement on the basis of the two-State solution, and support the establishment of an independent State of Palestine that enjoys full sovereignty based on the 1967 borders and with East Jerusalem as its capital, based on which Israel and Palestine can live side by side in peace.”
It also says that “We support all efforts conducive to the peaceful resolution of the Ukraine crisis.”
The document also backs GCI
Next, we have the Beijing Action Plan of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (2025-2027). The document talks about implementing the ten partnership initiatives outlined by Xi Jinping. I covered these yesterday. This is a really long document and I am not going to be able to offer a succinct summary. So, I am just highlighting some key points on the security front.
The security section adds that “in fulfillment of the GSI, China is ready to host training programs on defense and security for African countries, so as to improve security governance. China welcomes the participation of all African countries at these training programs”. It says that “China will offer its mediation as much as possible when requested in the context of conflict resolution in Africa”. It also says: “China is ready to promote the channeling of more global counterterrorism resources to developing countries, and work with African countries to enhance their capacity building of fighting against terrorism and violent extremism.”
China reaffirms its commitment to supporting the revitalized African Peace Fund. China asserts to play a pivotal role in strengthening this crucial initiative, including the contribution of necessary expertise…China supports African countries’ efforts to fight terrorism and opposes politicizing or adopting double-standards on counterterrorism, and calls on the international community to redouble support to African countries for their counterterrorism capacity building. Both parties undertake not to offer shelter to individuals prosecuted for acts of terrorism or financing terrorism. China will provide expertise and support to the African Center for Study and Research on Terrorism based in Algiers as well as the office in Rabat of the UN Programme for the fight against terrorism and training in Africa.
The two sides will continue to enhance cooperation in peacekeeping and counterterrorism within the U.N. framework, strengthen exchanges of peacekeeping policies and skills, and conduct joint exercises and on-site training between Chinese and African peacekeeping troops and cooperation on small arms, light weapons control and homemade explosives. In this regard, African countries, particularly those located in the Horn of Africa, Cabo Delgado and the Sahel, lastingly affected by the scourge of terrorism, will be further supported in strengthening their capacities in the fight against terrorism.
The two sides will continue to step up intelligence sharing and action coordination on combating international terrorist organizations, and to support African countries’ efforts of improving counterterrorism capacity. China and Africa will continue to work together to safeguard the security of shipping lanes in the Gulf of Aden, the Gulf of Guinea, Indian Ocean and Somali waters. The African side appreciates China's initiatives relating to its advocacy in favor of Africa in the fight against terrorism at the level of international bodies.
China will continue to provide law enforcement training programs according to the needs of African police departments, and will continue to provide police equipment assistance to African countries to the best of its capabilities.
The two sides will work more closely to combat crimes that infringe upon the safety of life, environmental degradation and national security such as illegal mining of gold and other minerals, and smuggling and trafficking of wildlife, and on narcotics control, fugitives’ repatriation and asset recovery, trafficking of human beings and human bones. In the same order, the two sides will encourage scientific exchanges capable of leading to the development of their systems for rapid detection of counterfeit pharmaceutical items, currency and any other item sold on African markets.
Anyway, back to the front page, again, there’s a consolidated report on Xi’s meeting with visiting African leaders.
First, the report (English report) on Xi’s meeting with Botswanan President Mokgweetsi Masisi says that the two sides announced the establishment of a strategic partnership. Xi said that “next year marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of China-Botswana diplomatic relations. Both sides should firmly support each other and strengthen cooperation in the fields of industry, agriculture, mining, clean energy, education and health.”
Next, there’s a report (English report) on Xi’s meeting with Namibian President Nangolo Mbumba.
Xi also praised SWAPO for having written ‘building socialism with Namibian characteristics’ into its party constitution. “Xi stressed that China stands ready to strengthen the exchange of experience in party and state governance with Namibia, share development opportunities, and work together to promote the respective modernization process. The two sides should strengthen the synergy of development strategies and create new cooperation highlights in areas such as agriculture, clean energy, infrastructure, energy, mineral resources, and science and technology, Xi said. China encourages Chinese enterprises to invest in Namibia, and hopes that Namibia will continue to provide convenience and support, he added. China supports Namibia in its work as a co-facilitator of the UN Summit of the Future, and stands ready to strengthen multilateral strategic coordination with Namibia.” 习近平强调，中国共产党和纳米比亚西南非洲人民组织都是长期执政的进步政党，西南非洲人民组织已将“建设有纳米比亚特色的社会主义”写入党章。中方愿同纳方密切两国两党友好合作，加强治党治国理政经验交流，共享发展机遇，携手推进各自国家现代化进程。双方应加强发展战略对接，在农业、清洁能源、基础设施、能源矿产、科技等领域打造新的合作亮点。中方鼓励中国企业赴纳米比亚投资兴业，希望纳方继续提供相关便利和支持。中方支持纳米比亚担任联合国未来峰会共同协调国工作，愿同纳方加强多边战略协作，持续巩固壮大全球南方力量，为构建人类命运共同体贡献力量.
As per the report, Mbumba said that “Namibia will earnestly and comprehensively implement the outcomes of this summit, maintain close exchanges with China, and strengthen cooperation in agriculture, mining, infrastructure, clean energy, aerospace and other fields. Namibia firmly adheres to the one-China policy, firmly supports China in maintaining its national territorial integrity, supports China in adhering to the successful path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and supports a series of global initiatives proposed by President Xi Jinping, which will help the world achieve peace and modernization. During the summit, China and Namibia signed a number of bilateral cooperation documents in the fields of sheep and goat meat export to China, development cooperation and other fields.” 纳方将认真全面落实此次峰会成果，同中方密切交流，加强农业、矿产、基础设施、清洁能源、航天航空等领域合作。纳方坚定奉行一个中国政策，坚定支持中国维护国家领土完整，支持中国坚持走成功的中国特色社会主义道路，支持习近平主席提出的系列全球倡议，这有助于世界实现和平和现代化。峰会期间，中纳双方签署绵羊和山羊肉输华、发展合作等领域多项双边合作文件.
Third, the report on Xi’s meeting with Ghanaian President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo says that they announced the elevation of China-Ghana ties to a strategic partnership. Xinhua says:
“China is ready to carry forward the profound friendship established by the past generations of leaders from both countries to continue to enhance political mutual trust, advance exchanges and cooperation in various fields with Ghana, and be good friends who trust each other, good partners who pursue development together and good brothers who collaborate with each other, he said. Xi said China is willing to strengthen the alignment of development strategies with Ghana and to continue providing assistance to the best of its ability to Ghana. China stands ready to expand cooperation with Ghana in the fields of agriculture, fisheries, energy, mineral resources, and infrastructure and hopes that Ghana will continue to offer support and facilitation to Chinese enterprises and citizens, he said. China supports Ghana in its work as a member of the United Nations Human Rights Council for the 2024-2026 term and is ready to enhance strategic coordination with Ghana on international and regional issues, Xi said.”
Akufo-Addo said that “Ghana highly values its friendly relations with China, firmly adheres to the one-China policy, and supports China’s position on human rights and other issues…He expressed the hope of deepening collaboration with China in areas such as electricity, minerals, and new energy and said that Ghana is ready to facilitate Chinese businesses in the country.”
Fourth, Xi’s meeting with Rwandan President Paul Kagame saw the elevation of bilateral ties to a comprehensive strategic partnership. Xinhua says:
“Xi said China supports Rwanda in pursuing an independent development path, and is willing to deepen the exchanges of experience on party and state governance. China is ready to enhance political mutual trust, expand shared visions, and jointly advance modernization with Rwanda, Xi said. Xi said China is willing to implement the outcomes of this summit with Rwanda, strengthen cooperation in fields such as infrastructure, agriculture and satellite applications, and jointly manage the Confucius Institute at the University of Rwanda and the Luban Workshop successfully. Xi noted that China appreciates Rwanda's active role in maintaining peace and security in Africa and is willing to deepen cooperation with Rwanda in peacekeeping and other fields.”
The two sides issued a joint statement on promoting the implementation of the three major global initiatives. They also signed deals on promoting the implementation of GDI, honey exports to China, digital and information communications, and news media.
The joint statement is available on Page 4 and in English. Key points:
The Rwandan side is “willing to join the Group of Friends of the GDI and sign the Memorandum of Understanding on Promoting Implementation of the GDI with the Chinese side…The two sides agreed to work together to implement the GDI, promote cooperation under the framework of the GDI, and continue to utilize the China-Rwanda Joint Committee on Economic, Technical, and Trade Cooperation to promote high quality development through the implementation of various projects in areas including but not limited to infrastructure, agriculture, health, education, technology, climate change, trade and investment.”
“China and Rwanda are ready to jointly implement the GSI, and strengthen cooperation in areas such as climate change, cybersecurity, food security, disaster prevention and mitigation, and personnel security. Both sides agreed to effectively protect the safety and lawful rights and interests of each other’s citizens, institutions and projects on their territories. China and Rwanda condemn all forms of terrorism, oppose any terrorist attacks against civilians or double standards exercised in the fight against terrorism, and are committed to jointly fighting the spread of genocide ideology and hate speech in all their forms and to upholding highest human values of embracing diversity.”
“The two sides are willing to jointly implement the GCI, further expand people-to-people and cultural exchanges, enhance people-to-people friendship and strengthen the bond between their peoples, by stepping up the cooperation in the fields of radio, television, newspaper and online media, deepening exchanges between the media of the two countries over news coverage, programme production and personnel exchanges, encouraging and supporting the development of Confucius Institutes, Confucius Classes and other Chinese language teaching institutions in Rwanda, and enhancing vocational and technical training cooperation between the two countries.”
Fifth, Xi’s meeting with Guinea-Bissau President Umaro Sissoco Embalo. Xinhua says:
“China is willing to work with Guinea-Bissau to carry forward the traditional friendship, promote strategic cooperation, and safeguard their respective national sovereignty, security and development interests, Xi said. Xi expressed the hope that the two countries will actively implement the outcomes of the summit and jointly advance the modernization of China and Africa.”
Sixth, the report on Xi’s meeting with Sao Tome and Principe’s Prime Minister Patrice Trovoada upgraded bilateral relations to a strategic partnership. Xi said that “facts have proved that Sao Tome and Principe’s return to the big family of China-Africa friendship and cooperation is fully in line with the common interests of the two peoples. China will, as always, support Sao Tome and Principe's efforts to promote national construction and economic development…” 事实证明，圣多美和普林西比重新回到中非友好合作大家庭，完全符合两国人民共同利益。中方将一如既往支持圣多美和普林西比推进国家建设和经济发展的努力，愿同圣普方积极落实此次中非合作论坛北京峰会成果，推动两国战略伙伴关系更好造福人民.
He called on the two sides to explore cooperation in areas such as tourism, agriculture, fisheries, and infrastructure, strengthen exchanges of experience in governance, consolidate and enhance strategic mutual trust, and firmly support each other on issues involving each other’s core interests and major concerns.
The report adds that “Sao Tome and Principe highly appreciates President Xi Jinping’s important ideas and initiatives such as building a community with a shared future for mankind, firmly adheres to the one-China principle, and hopes to further consolidate the political mutual trust between the two countries, strengthen the partnership, and provide strong guarantees for Sao Tome and Principe to achieve long-term economic development.” 圣普高度赞赏习近平主席提出构建人类命运共同体等重要理念和倡议，坚定恪守一个中国原则，希望进一步巩固两国政治互信，密切伙伴关系，为圣普实现长期经济发展提供坚强保障.
The two sides issued a joint statement on the establishment of a strategic partnership. This document is available on Page 4. It is a short document, which mentions:
Sao Tome and Principe’s adherence to the one-China principle and its support for China’s position on issues related to Hong Kong, Xinjiang, Tibet, and maritime issues.
China welcomes Sao Tome and Principe to join the Group of Friends of the GDI. Sao Tome and Principe backs the three global initiatives and the Global Artificial Intelligence Governance Initiative
The need to expand trade and investment cooperation, continue to deepen cooperation in traditional fields such as agriculture, health, and infrastructure, and steadily expand cooperation in new fields such as digital economy, green development, and blue economy.
The need for cooperation in culture, education, science and technology, youth, women, media, human resources development, etc, and in news agencies, radio, television, etc.
Climate change cooperation and opposition to hegemony and power politics.
Finally, there’s a report on Xi’s meeting with UN Secretary General António Guterres.
Other Stories:
Vice President Han Zheng has been visiting Russia for the 9th Eastern Economic Forum. He met with Vladimir Putin during the visit, where Putin seems to have confirmed Xi’s attendance at the BRICS summit and a bilateral meeting.
There’s a report on China and Mauritius having signed a bilateral currency swap agreement. The total value of the agreement is 2 billion yuan (about $281.1 million), or 13 billion Mauritian rupees. The agreement is valid for three years and can be renewed upon mutual consent.
Finally, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has released (English report) three mandatory standards for connected intelligent vehicles. These are: GB 44495-2024 Technical Requirements for Vehicle Information Security (Vehicle Information Security Standard), GB 44496-2024 General Technical Requirements for Automobile Software Upgrades (Automobile Software Upgrades Standard), and GB 44497-2024 Intelligent Connected Vehicle Autonomous Driving Data Recording System (Driving Data Recording System Standard). These standards come into effect from January 1, 2026.