CPEC in Focus during Li-Sharif Call - Maintaining Energy Supplies for Winter - Ni Hong Signals More Property Sector Support - Zheng Shanjie on Anhui's Development
Here are the stories and pieces that I found noteworthy from the Friday, January 6, 2023, edition of the People’s Daily.
Page 1: First, at the top of the page is a report (English report) on Xi appointing new ambassadors.
Qin Gang was removed from the post of ambassador to the United States of America.
Fu Cong was appointed ambassador to the European Union (EU), replacing Zhang Ming.
Zhu Qingqiao was appointed ambassador to Brazil, replacing Yang Wanming.
Hou Yanqi was appointed ambassador to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), replacing Deng Xijun.
Yao Wen was appointed ambassador to Bangladesh, replacing Li Jiming.
Guo Zhijun was appointed ambassador to the Comoros, replacing He Yanjun.
Next, there’s a report (English report) on Li Keqaing’s call with Pakistan Prime Minister Shahbaz Sharif. Xinhua reports:
“Li said China always places relations with Pakistan as a priority in its neighborhood diplomacy, and will continue to support Pakistan in safeguarding national independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity, legitimate rights and interests, as well as in maintaining national unity, stability and realizing development and revitalization.” (Quick thought: I guess the comment about maintaining national unity appears to be an acknowledgement of regional/political/ethnic differences - for instance, there are protests in Gwadar and in Gilgit-Baltistan - in Pakistan around CPEC.)
“Li pointed out that the current world economic situation is complicated, characterized by high inflation, low growth, tight monetary policy and high debt. (Quick thought: Is this Li saying that Islamabad should not expect easy money from Beijing?) All countries should jointly promote mutual opening up, strengthen macroeconomic and financial policy coordination, and strive to promote the recovery and growth of the world economy, said the premier. China always supports Pakistan in developing its economy and improving people's livelihood, and is willing to work with Pakistan to safeguard regional peace, stability and development, said Li, adding that it is hoped that Pakistan will continue to do its utmost to ensure the safety of Chinese personnel and institutions in Pakistan.”
As per Xinhua, Sharif thanked China for support during the floods and says that “Pakistan upholds the one-China principle, supports China on all issues concerning China's core interests, and is willing to strengthen cooperation with China in various fields to push bilateral relations to a higher level.” So I guess he asked for the call to simply thank China and restate earlier positions.
Pakistani press reports: “The prime minister emphasized Pakistan’s unswerving focus on timely progress of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) projects and assured his Chinese counterpart that Pakistan would provide a completely secure and conducive business environment for Chinese investors. Premier Li Keqiang assured the prime minister that China viewed Pakistan not only as a strategic friend but as a country whose stability and economic welfare was of utmost importance to the region and to China. China would always stand in solidarity with Pakistan, Premier Li added.”
While on the subject, there is reporting of significant new CPEC investment. Yasir Habib Khan’s piece in The Daily Times says that:
“27 projects worth $19 billion have so far been completed under the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) while 63 more projects with the investment of $35.2 billion are scheduled to be completed in coming years.” He adds:
“A total of 36 more CPEC projects, with a projected expenditure of $27.5 billion, are in the works and it is believed that many of them will cross the finishing line during 2023. According to information from the energy sector, 11 projects totaling $12 billion in investment have already been finished, while four additional projects totaling $6 billion in investment are now undergoing implementation and are anticipated to be finished soon. In the infrastructure sector, seven projects totaling $6.7 billion in investment have already been finished. Six additional projects totaling $0.9 billion will be finished in coming years, and 12 projects totaling $10.4 billion are anticipated to be finished as per their set deadlines from 2023 to 2030.Similarly, in Gwadar, where three $200 million projects have already been finished, two $230 million projects will be finished in the years ahead and two more $150 million projects will be finished in accordance with their culmination period. Moreover, five Special Economic Zones (SEZs) will make tangible headways in 2023 with an investment of $1 billion. Four of the nine identified Special Economic Zones (SEZs) would be completed in coming years with an expenditure of $500 million. Six socioeconomic projects totaling $10 million have so far been completed; 11 projects totaling $90 million will be finished by 2025, and 10 projects totaling $900 million will be finished by 2030.”
Third, there is an article discussing political supervision by discipline organs. It says that “on the new journey, the discipline inspection and supervision organs at all levels are adhering to the guidance of the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, and with strong political supervision, urge the broad masses and cadres to deeply understand the decisive significance of Two Establishments, resolutely achieve the Two Safeguards and ensure that the whole Party moves forward in unison.” 新征程上，各级纪检监察机关坚持以党的二十大精神为指引，以强有力的政治监督督促广大党员干部深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，坚决做到“两个维护”，确保全党步调一致向前进.
The first section of the article says that:
Speaking about politics with a clear-cut stand is our Party’s enduring political advantage. Entering the new era, the CPC Central Committee with comrade Xi Jinping at its core adheres to the Party’s political construction as the guide, adheres to the fundamental political direction of self-revolution, improves various systems for safeguarding the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralised and unified leadership, and implements the Party's leadership in all fields and links of the cause of the Party and the country.” 旗帜鲜明讲政治，是我们党一以贯之的政治优势。进入新时代，以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持以党的政治建设为统领，坚守自我革命根本政治方向，健全维护党中央权威和集中统一领导的各项制度，把党的领导落实到党和国家事业各领域各方面各环节.
It adds that the National Supervision Commission of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection have conscientiously implemented provisions on strengthening and safeguarding the centralised and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee, strictly implemented the system of seeking instructions and reporting, reported its work to the Politburo and PSC every year, and promptly and proactively sought instructions from General Secretary Xi Jinping and the CPC Central Committee on major issues, major cases and important work, so as to ensure that the CPC Central Committee remains firmly in control in terms of the leadership and grasping the initiative with regard to upholding integrity, enforcing discipline and combating corruption. After the conclusion of the 20th Party Congress, the discipline inspection and supervision organs at all levels organised and carried out learning activities through various forms, and quickly unified their thoughts and actions into the spirit of the 20th Party Congress. 一方面，自己坚决做到。中央纪委国家监委认真贯彻加强和维护党中央集中统一领导的若干规定，严格执行请示报告制度，每年向中央政治局和中央政治局常委会报告工作，重大事项、重大案件、重要工作及时主动向习近平总书记和党中央请示报告，确保党中央牢牢掌握正风肃纪反腐的领导权、主动权。党的二十大胜利闭幕后，各级纪检监察机关通过多种形式，组织开展学习活动，迅速把思想和行动统一到党的二十大精神上来.
And it says that “discipline inspection and supervision organs at all levels have strictly enforced political discipline and rules, continued to purify the political ecology within the Party, and resolutely fought against people and things that threaten the authority and centralised and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee, so as to ensure Party’s solidarity and unity.” 另一方面，督促全党做到。各级纪检监察机关严明政治纪律和政治规矩，持续净化党内政治生态，坚决同危害党中央权威和集中统一领导的人和事作斗争，确保党的团结统一.
The one example cited is the demolition of illegal villas located at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains in northwest China's Shaanxi Province. Since July 2018, more than 1,100 villas have been demolished, the report says, adding that “many leading cadres have been investigated and dealt with for violating discipline and law.” Also mentioned are cases like “environmental pollution in the Qilian Mountain Nature Reserve in Gansu, illegal coal mining in the Muli mining area in Qinghai, illegal construction of fences in Dongting Lake in Hunan.”
The piece also quotes an unidentified discipline official as saying that the aim is to “resolutely prevent and control the 七个有之 problem, resolutely eliminate the ‘two-faced people’ who betray the Party, resolutely investigate and deal with violations of laws and regulations that are intertwined with political and economic issues, eradicate political gangs that form cliques and serve private interests, eliminate serious hidden political dangers in the Party, safeguard political security, and ensure the political position and political interests of the whole Party.” 中央纪委国家监委有关负责人表示，将牢牢抓住政治纪律这个最根本、最重要的纪律，坚决防止和治理“七个有之”问题，坚决清除对党阳奉阴违的“两面人”，坚决查处政治问题和经济问题交织的违纪违法行为，铲除拉帮结派、结党营私的政治团伙，消除党内存在的严重政治隐患，维护政治安全，确保全党在政治立场、政治方向、政治原则、政治道路上同党中央保持高度一致.
The next section is interesting because it makes the point that political supervision is linked to the 国之大者, and for “supervising and guaranteeing implementation, promoting perfect development, and promoting the effective implementation of major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee.” 心怀“国之大者”，发挥监督保障执行、促进完善发展作用，推动党中央重大决策部署落地见效.
“Focusing on the goal and task of building a modern socialist country in all respects, the discipline inspection and supervision organs should focus on grasping the major decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, such as the new development stage, implementing the new development concept, building a new development pattern, promoting high-quality development, coordinating epidemic prevention and control, economic and social development, etc…” 纪检监察机关围绕全面建设社会主义现代化国家目标任务，聚焦把握新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局、推动高质量发展、统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展等党中央重大决策部署，跟进监督、精准监督，积极发挥监督保障执行、促进完善发展作用，确保党中央重大决策部署落地见效.
The final section talks about strengthening the supervision process and structure at all levels.
Fourth, today’s piece on beginning the year with confidence with regard to the economy talks about support for market entities. This reiterates the effectiveness of existing policies, repeatedly makes the case for adherence to the “two unwaverings” while talking about support for the private sector, and discusses the reform of SoEs.
Finally, there’s a report on the need to maintain energy supplies for winter heating. There’s some useful data in this, of which I am highlighting the broad national-level data points. There are comments from specific companies in there too, if you are interested.
According to data provided by the National Energy Administration, from December 1 to 15, 2022, the national coal output was 190 million tons, with an average daily output of 12.51 million tons, and the national power plant coal inventory was 176 million tons, which is sufficient for 24 days of use. 国家能源局提供的数据显示，2022年12月1日至15日，全国煤炭产量1.9亿吨，日均产量1251万吨，全国统调电厂电煤库存1.76亿吨、可用24天. (I found this Reuters report from December 15th, which provides November’s record coal output data: “China churned out about 390 million tonnes of coal last month, data from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) showed on Thursday, equivalent to 13.04 million tonnes per day.” So the output still remains rather high in December too, albeit with a slight dip.)
In 2022, China's crude oil output returned to 200 million tons, since 2015, and its natural gas output exceeded 217 billion cubic metres, an increase of over 10 billion cubic metres for six consecutive years. 2022年我国原油产量继2015年之后重回2亿吨，天然气产量超过2170亿立方米，连续6年增产超百亿立方米.
In 2022, the newly installed capacity of wind power and photovoltaic power generation in China is expected to reach more than 120 million kilowatts. 2022年，我国风电、光伏发电新增装机预计达1.2亿千瓦以上，提供更多绿色低碳保供力量.
There’s also a report on Page 7, which has data from the NEA. It adds that China’s “total coal output was about 4.45 billion tons, up 8% year on year.”全力推动煤炭增产增供，煤炭总产量约44.5亿吨、同比增长8%...It projects an investment of 2 trillion yuan in key energy projects throughout the year.” 加速推进能源重大工程，预计全年全国重点能源项目完成投资2万亿元左右. Also, “in the past ten years, the total mileage of China's oil and gas pipeline network has doubled, the power transmission capacity from west to east has increased to 300 million kilowatts, and clean energy accounts for more than 60% of the increase in energy consumption.” 国家能源局有关负责人介绍，十年来，我国油气管网总里程翻倍，西电东送能力提升到3亿千瓦，清洁能源在能源消费增量中的占比超过60%...
Page 2: Today, there’s an interview with Ni Hong, Minister of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. Xinhua English also has the interview. Ni says that:
“As instructed in December's tone-setting Central Economic Work Conference, the ministry will seek to expand domestic demand, and effectively forestall and defuse major economic and financial risks…Meeting the people's basic housing needs and the need for improved housing conditions is one of the major tasks this year, Ni noted.” He talks about the need to “achieve effective improvement in quality and reasonable growth in quantity.”
In terms of the goals for the year, Ni says the tasks are:
Boosting confidence
Forestalling and defusing risks
Promoting transformation, given that the situation with regard to real estate has changed from scarcity to one of quality (I guess a lot of young Chinese will disagree with this.)
做好今年房地产工作，一是增信心。让房企有信心，让购房者有信心，让新市民、青年人有信心。二是防风险。这是底线，防范和化解好风险，房地产市场才能平稳健康发展，经济才能行稳致远。三是促转型。当前，房地产市场已经从解决“有没有”转向解决“好不好”的发展阶段，提升住房品质、让老百姓住上更好的房子，是房地产市场高质量发展的必然要求。要重点抓好五件事，努力推动房地产市场企稳回升——
Ni then talks about five things that must be done for the above goals and the need to focus on the stabilisation and recovery of the real estate market
vigorously support demand; unswervingly adhere to the positioning that houses are for living in, not for speculation, and implement city-specific policies and a targeted approach in order to boost market confidence.
support will be stepped up for first-time homebuyers, through lower lower down payment ratios and mortgage rates as appropriate. Families with more than one child will also enjoy policy support. Reasonable support should be given to those who buy second homes. The purchase of more than three houses is not supported in principle, that is, it does not leave room for speculators to re-enter the market. We will intensify our efforts to increase the supply of affordable rental housing and the construction of a long-term rental housing market, so that new citizens and young people can live in a better place and strive for a better life. 大力支持刚性和改善性住房需求。毫不动摇坚持房子是用来住的、不是用来炒的定位，因城施策、精准施策，提振市场信心。对购买第一套住房的，要大力支持。首付比例、首套利率该降的，都要降下来。对购买第二套住房的，要合理支持。以旧换新、以小换大、生育多子女家庭都要给予政策支持。对购买三套以上住房，原则上不支持，就是不给投机炒房者重新入市留有空间。同时，我们将加大力度，增加保障性租赁住房供给和长租房市场建设，让新市民、青年人更好地安居，让他们放开手脚为美好生活去奋斗.
vigorously promote the work of guaranteeing the delivery of buildings, ensuring people's livelihood and ensuring stability, with city governments being primarily responsible. “On ensuring timely deliveries of pre-sold housing, city governments should assume principal responsibility, work out project-specific plans, and implement supportive policies to reassure the homebuyers involved, according to the minister,” Xinhua reports
He talked about the importance of resolving risks faced by the country's real estate developers, calling for adopting the method of gradual deflation (慢撒气) to address the risk of capital chain breaks among housing enterprises. “The key focus is to increase housing development loans, M&A loans and mortgage loans of buyers to meet reasonable financing needs.” 着力化解房企风险。以“慢撒气”的方式，稳妥化解房企资金链断裂风险。重点是增加房企开发贷、并购贷和购房人的按揭贷，满足合理融资需求. (Changes in this regard were announced this week too. Global Times reported: “China on Thursday unveiled a new credit policy to promote urban housing sales, allowing cities where home prices see steep drops in three consecutive months to reduce mortgage rates. Cities may maintain, lower or cancel the lower limit of first-home benchmark loan rates in stages, if sales prices of newly built commercial housing have declined for three consecutive months both month-on-month and year-on-year, according to a joint statement issued by China's central bank and the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission. A floating housing loan interest rate that is linked to new housing prices will help local authorities to scientifically evaluate the changes in the sales price of local housing and support inelastic demand in the market, the statement said. It will also be conductive to forming a long-term mechanism to support the sound and stable operation of the country's real estate market, read the statement.”)
Raise housing constructions standards
Rectify real estate market order, i.e., “investigate and deal with illegal acts in real estate development, housing sales, housing leasing, property services and other fields according to law, and create an honest and law-abiding market environment, so that people can buy houses and rent houses with confidence.” 合力整治房地产市场秩序。会同有关部门依法查处房地产开发、房屋买卖、住房租赁、物业服务等领域违法违规行为，营造诚信守法、风清气正的市场环境，让人民群众放心购房、放心租房.
While we are on the subject, some useful data from this SCMP report:
“The 100 largest property developers in China ended 2022 with 7.6 trillion yuan (US$1.1 trillion) in sales, down 41.3 per cent from a year before, according to a report by the China Index Academy (CIA). The findings reflect the deep crisis afflicting one of China’s most important sectors. Though Beijing has pledged to solve the debt crisis hobbling developers, home sales remain weak in the Covid-stricken country. The top 100 home builders, including Country Garden, Poly Real Estate and China Vanke, saw their market share shrink to 39.3 per cent in 2022, down by 12.3 percentage points from the previous year, CIA said in its end-of-year report. CIA is one of China’s largest independent real estate research firms…It is now the “survival of the fittest” in China’s property sector, as the gap between the top 10 and the bottom 50 developers on the list is widening, the report said. The former made 310.7 billion yuan per firm on average, versus 27.6 billion yuan for the latter.”
Also, some projections from this Reuters report: “China's deeply troubled property sector is set to see home sales fall for the second straight year in 2023, but the pace of declines will ease thanks to state support measures and the lifting of the government's strict anti-COVID policies. Property sales are expected to slip by a median of 8% this year, a Reuters survey of eight economists and analysts showed, compared to a slump of around 25% in 2022, as economic activity, household income and consumer confidence are seen rebounding in the second half.”
Page 3: There’s a long article by Turkmenistan President Serdar Berdymukhamedov. He is meeting with Xi today, with Xinhua reporting that “two heads of state announced the elevation of China-Turkmenistan relations to a comprehensive strategic partnership.” But let’s get to the article for now. Some of the points mentioned are:
Both sides have “similar or consistent positions on issues such as maintaining global security and stability, and opposing political, ethnic and religious extremism, separatism, and terrorism, which is particularly critical. Both sides advocate safeguarding fairness and justice in international affairs, are committed to achieving sustainable development goals, and support the international community in taking effective measures to address global challenges.”
They both share “similar world outlook, values, goals and tasks.” They both “support each other within the framework of the international system centered on the United Nations, coordinate through political and diplomatic means, and jointly promote and implement constructive initiatives.” 由于世界观、价值观、目标和任务相似，土中在以联合国为核心的国际体系框架内相互支持，通过政治外交方式开展协调，共同推进和落实建设性倡议.
He mentions Turkmenistan’s “neutral status and its foreign policy based on this status” while adding that the country “firmly adheres to the one-China principle on issues concerning the territorial integrity and unity of the People's Republic of China.” 中国尊重土库曼斯坦中立地位以及基于这一地位的外交方针，我们对此高度评价。同样，对于中方伙伴关切的重要问题，土方始终坚持明确立场。其中包括在涉及中华人民共和国领土完整和统一的问题上，土方坚定奉行一个中国原则.
With regard to Central Asia, “the two sides hold similar positions” and “call for a political and diplomatic solution to the issue on the basis of balancing the interests of various parties, and advocate the establishment of an equal, stable and long-term security system in the region.” 双方在该问题上的立场同样相近，均主张在多方利益平衡基础上以政治外交方式解决问题，提倡建立地区平等、稳固、长期的安全体系.
He talks about bilateral cooperation “in the fields of energy, transportation, communications, chemicals, textiles, agriculture, medical care and high technology. He writes that “the Turkmenistan-China gas pipeline, which was commissioned late in 2009, has become the largest joint energy project realised on the continent of Asia. Over 350 billion cubic meters of natural gas have already been supplied via it so far. He calls it an example of the “the political responsibility, economic pragmatism and far-sightedness shown by the leaders of the two countries.” He adds: “It is very reasonable for China to continue to support Turkmenistan’s initiative to establish an international mechanism to ensure the reliable and safe supply of energy. I firmly believe that the successful implementation of the Turkmenistan-China natural gas pipeline project will be a model for future international energy partnerships. More importantly, the pipeline is an important cooperation project related to stability and security, which has a positive impact on the overall situation in Asia and can provide more stability to the overall political and economic relations system in Asia.” 土中天然气管道已成为两国领导人在解决全球能源发展问题过程中，展现政治责任感、经济务实主义和远见卓识的例证。中方持续切实支持土方有关建立国际机制、保障能源可靠安全供应的倡议，是非常合理的。我坚信，土中天然气管道项目的成功实施将成为未来国际能源伙伴关系的楷模。更重要的是，该管道是关乎稳定和安全的重要合作项目，对亚洲总体形势具有积极影响，能够赋予亚洲整体政治经济关系体系更多的稳定性.
He adds: “At present, we are working with China to open up another field of cooperation - the study and use of space for peaceful purposes. Thanks to China for helping us to create this new field. It is expected that these help will enable us to successfully use the achievements of modern science and technology to promote the country's economic and social development and consolidate national security.” 目前，我们正同中方一道开辟另一合作领域——以和平目的研究和利用太空。感谢中方为我们开创这一全新领域提供的帮助。期待这些帮助使我们能够成功运用现代科学技术成果，促进国家经济社会发展，巩固国家安全.
Next, there’s an article citing foreign appreciation of China’s COVID-19 policies; there’s a report on IATA Director General Willie Walsh’s statement criticising countries for introducing COVID-19 testing and other measures for travellers from China. This is what Walsh said:
“Several countries are introducing COVID-19 testing and other measures for travellers from China, even though the virus is already circulating widely within their borders. It is extremely disappointing to see this knee-jerk reinstatement of measures that have proven ineffective over the last three years. Research undertaken around the arrival of the Omicron variant concluded that putting barriers in the way of travel made no difference to the peak spread of infections. At most, restrictions delayed that peak by a few days. If a new variant emerges in any part of the world, the same situation would be expected. That’s why governments should listen to the advice of experts, including the WHO, that advise against travel restrictions. We have the tools to manage COVID-19 without resorting to ineffective measures that cut off international connectivity, damage economies and destroy jobs. Governments must base their decisions on ‘science facts’ rather than ‘science politics’. While China has significantly eased border measures, I urge the Chinese government to remove the need for pre-departure COVID-19 testing for those traveling to China.”
Finally, there’s a report (English report) on the International Liaison Department sending letters to foreign political parties and organisations, explaining the adjustment to China’s COVID-19 policy.
Page 6: A report on the State Council joint prevention and control mechanism issuing a notice on easing travel between the mainland and Hong Kong and Macau. SCMP has the story. It says:
“Hong Kong travellers entering mainland China would no longer be required to undergo on-site polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests as long as they obtain a negative result within 48 hours before departure, central authorities announced on Thursday. According to the notice issued by the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council, immigration officers will only test those with fever or “abnormal” health declarations while crossing the border, and travellers testing positive with mild symptoms can choose to self-isolate at home or on other premises. A government source separately told the Post mainland travellers entering Hong Kong following the reopening of the border would also be required to show a negative PCR result obtained within 48 hours before departure. The 24-hour rapid antigen test result, currently allowed, will no longer be accepted.”
Page 11: Today, we have a piece by Anhui Party Secretary Zheng Shanjie. He basically talks about how Anhui has adhered to Xi’s ideas and instructions, such as pursuing high-quality development, Chinese-style modernisation and party building in the new era, which includes issues related to work style and corruption.
I am not doing a detailed breakdown. While Zheng calls for understanding the significance of the two establishments and achieving the two safeguards, this is essentially a piece where he is reporting what Anhui has achieved and placing that within the frameworks of development and priorities that the central leadership has outlined.
For example, when talking about adhering to Chinese-style modernisation, here are the achievements he mentions:
Anhui, he says, is adhering to the strategy of rejuvenation through science and education. It was ranked as the 7th most innovative region in China in 2022; this is the highest ranking it has achieved. The region’s total human resources has doubled in 10 years, exceeding 11 million.
He emphasises regional coordinated development. As the integration level of the Yangtze River Delta continues to improve, in 2021, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang invested more than 100 million yuan in projects in Anhui, and the actual capital in place was close to 1 trillion yuan. The total economic aggregate of the Hefei metropolitan area accounts for more than 60% of the province. More than 8 million rural migrants have become new citizens in the past decade. 随着长三角一体化水平持续提升，2021年沪苏浙在皖投资在建亿元以上项目实际到位资金接近1万亿元，合肥都市圈经济总量占全省比重超过六成，近十年来有800多万农业转移人口成为新市民. He also talks about balanced regional development.
Zheng then highlights the work related to the “harmonious coexistence between man and nature and accelerating new breakthroughs in the construction of beautiful Anhui.” “From January to November, 2022, the average concentration of PM2.5 in Anhui was 32.6 micrograms per cubic metre, the proportion of excellent days was 82.8%, and the proportion of excellent water quality in 194 national examination sections was 84.5%, all of which were better than the annual target.” 2022年1—11月，安徽PM2.5平均浓度32.6微克/立方米、优良天数比率82.8%、194个国考断面水质优良比例84.5%，均好于年度目标.
He then mentions the work related to “deepening reform and opening up” and focussing on people-centred development. In the context of the latter, he writes that “since 2022, Anhui has fully deployed the work of ‘improving work style, doing practical things for the people and improving the environment for enterprises’, and spent 15 billion yuan to implement the action of ‘warming people's hearts” (these include spending on employment, public service and welfare activities like say renovating public fitness facilities, doing health camps, etc.). In the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce’s ‘10,000 Private Enterprises’ Evaluation of Business Environment’ survey, Anhui has advanced from the 16 place in 2021 to the 8th place in 2022.” 2022年以来，安徽全面部署“改进工作作风、为民办实事、为企优环境”工作，拿出150亿元实施“暖民心”行动，在全国工商联“万家民营企业评营商环境”调查中，安徽由2021年的第十六位前进至2022年的第八位.
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