Han Wenxiu on the Reforms Needed to Promote High-Quality Development
Hi folks,
In the lead-up to the third plenum, I am going to be sharing articles from official Chinese outlets that signal the direction of what we can expect from the plenum. I’ll try and do a couple of more articles through the next week.
To begin with, I am detailing Han Wenxiu’s article from Qiushi, which was published in mid-June. Han is the executive deputy director of the Office of the Central Financial and Economic Affairs.
There are some noteworthy messages from this article, which indicate that we should expect significant continuity in economic policy going forward.
Cheers,
Manoj
The first section of the article talks about grasping the primary task of high-quality development. He makes five points in this section.
He begins by stating that over the years, Xi Jinping has made a series of important statements on high-quality development on the basis of an in-depth assessment of the characteristics of China’s development stage and a comprehensive grasp of the laws of modernization construction. For instance, at the 19th Party Congress in 2017, he assessed that China’s “economy had shifted from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development.” At the 2017 CEWC, Xi clarified that “high-quality development is development that can well meet the people's growing needs for a better life. It is development that embodies the new development concept. It is development where innovation becomes the primary driving force, coordination becomes an inherent characteristic, green becomes the universal form, openness becomes the inevitable path, and sharing becomes the fundamental purpose. He also emphasised that high-quality development means shifting from ‘whether we have it or not’ to ‘whether it is good or not’.” At the 20th Party Congress, Xi asserted that “high-quality development is the primary task of building a comprehensively modern socialist country.” Finally, at the 2023 CEWC, he said that “it is necessary to adhere to high-quality development as a hard truth in the new era.” 习近平总书记在深入分析我国发展阶段性特征、全面把握现代化建设规律的基础上，对高质量发展作出一系列重要论述。在党的十九大报告中，总书记指出，我国经济已由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段。在2017年中央经济工作会议上，总书记明确提出，高质量发展，就是能够很好满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要的发展，是体现新发展理念的发展，是创新成为第一动力、协调成为内生特点、绿色成为普遍形态、开放成为必由之路、共享成为根本目的的发展，并强调高质量发展，就是从“有没有”转向“好不好”。在党的二十大报告中，总书记指出，高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务。在2023年中央经济工作会议上，总书记强调，必须把坚持高质量发展作为新时代的硬道理。习近平总书记关于高质量发展的重要论述，为我国发展指明了方向，必须抓好贯彻落实.
After this preamble, Han makes five points.
First, promoting high-quality development is necessary to leapfrog the middle-income stage to a higher level and realise Chinese-style modernization. Han references the 2035 and 2049 goals. The 2035 development goal calls for China’s GDP to reach the level of “moderately developed countries”. He adds that “in 2023, China’s per capita GDP was approximately $12,700, roughly equivalent to the world average and placing it among the upper-middle-income economies as defined by the World Bank. However, there is still a significant gap compared to moderately developed countries. We must vigorously promote high-quality development and maintain steady and healthy economic growth for a considerably long period, continuously improve the level of social productivity, and accumulate a solid material and technological foundation so that the development level and people’s living standards of a country with a population of more than 1.4 billion can gradually catch up with those of developed countries. Promoting high-quality development is an inevitable requirement of following the general laws of economic development. Since the 1960s, only a dozen of the world’s more than 100 middle-income economies have successfully entered the high-income group. Those countries that have achieved success have done so by achieving a shift from quantitative expansion to qualitative improvement in economic development after experiencing a period of rapid growth. In contrast, those countries that have stagnated or even regressed failed to achieve this fundamental transformation. We must learn from relevant experiences and lessons, and while continuing to promote quantitative accumulation, pay more attention to the improvement of development quality, successfully cross the middle-income stage through high-quality development, and move forward to a higher level.” 推动高质量发展是跨越中等收入阶段向更高水平迈进、实现中国式现代化的需要。党的二十大提出，到2035年，要基本实现社会主义现代化，我国经济实力、科技实力、综合国力要大幅跃升，人均国内生产总值迈上新的大台阶，达到中等发达国家水平；到本世纪中叶，要全面建成社会主义现代化强国。这里面既有质的规定性，也有量的要求。2023年，我国人均国内生产总值约为1.27万美元，与世界平均水平基本相当，处于世界银行界定的上中等收入经济体行列，但与中等发达国家相比仍有不小的差距。我们必须有力推动高质量发展，在一个相当长的时期内保持经济平稳健康发展，不断提高社会生产力水平，积累扎实的物质技术基础，才能使14亿多人口大国的发展水平和人民生活水平逐步赶上发达国家。推动高质量发展，是遵循经济发展一般规律的必然要求。上世纪60年代以来，全球100多个中等收入经济体中只有十几个成功进入高收入群体。那些取得成功的国家，就是在经历高速增长阶段后实现了经济发展从量的扩张转向质的提高。那些徘徊不前甚至倒退的国家，就是没有实现这种根本性转变。我们要吸取相关经验教训，在继续推动量的积累的同时，更加重视发展质量的提升，通过高质量发展成功跨越中等收入阶段，扎实向更高水平迈进.
Second, promoting high-quality development is necessary to cope with the challenges of the external environment and ensure the smooth circulation of the national economy. Under this, Han talks about the profound changes unseen in a century that are taking place in the world. He then rather bluntly states: “Some Western countries are using various means of pressure and containment targeting China’s development. In the domain of science and technology, they are implementing blockades in areas such as technology, talent, equipment, etc., under the pretext of ‘national security’. This is aimed at delaying China’s technological progress and the process of industrial transformation and upgrading, with the aim of confining China’s industrial chain to the low and mid-end. In the trade domain, they are accelerating efforts to decouple and disrupt supply chains through so-called ‘friendshoring’, ‘nearshoring’, and ‘reshoring’ of manufacturing, in an attempt to reduce dependence on Chinese goods. Recently, the ‘China overcapacity theory’ has been hyped and new trade protectionist measures have been adopted to hinder China’s emerging advantageous industries.” 推动高质量发展是应对外部环境挑战、确保国民经济循环畅通的需要。当今世界变乱交织，百年未有之大变局加速演进，我国发展面临的外部环境日趋严峻复杂。西方有的国家对我国发展进行各种形式的打压遏制。在科技领域，以“国家安全”等名义从技术、人才、设备等领域实施围堵，延缓我国技术进步和产业转型升级进程，企图将我国产业链锁定在中低端。在贸易领域，加快推进脱钩断链，通过所谓“友岸外包”、“近岸外包”、“制造业回流”等，企图减少对我国商品依赖。近来炒作“中国产能过剩论”并采取新的贸易保护主义措施，遏制我国正在崛起的优势产业.
Han further states that China today ranks among the most innovative countries in the world. Its Global Innovation Index has risen from 34th in 2012 to 12th in 2023. “However, most of China’s scientific and technological innovation achievements are in the stage of following or running parallel with others, and relatively few are leading the way. In addition, many key core technologies are still controlled by others. We must promote high-quality development, achieve high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, continuously narrow the gap with the world’s advanced technological levels, ensure that we are not ‘choked’ by others in high-tech fields, continuously improve the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress and improve total factor productivity. This is essential to accelerating the construction of a modern industrial system and ensuring the smooth circulation of the national economy when faced with major challenges.” 从我们自身看，我国全球创新指数排名由2012年第34位上升到2023年第12位，已经进入创新型国家行列。但我国科技创新成果处在跟跑、并跑阶段的多，领跑的相对较少，不少关键核心技术受制于人。我们必须推动高质量发展，实现高水平科技自立自强，不断缩小与世界先进技术水平的差距，确保高科技领域不被别人“卡脖子”，持续提高科技进步贡献率，提高全要素生产率，才能加快建设现代化产业体系，在面对重大挑战时确保国民经济循环畅通.
Third, promoting high-quality development is necessary to accelerate the green transformation of development mode and achieve the ‘dual carbon’ goal. Han cautions here that “we must recognize that China’s ecological system is fragile, the environmental capacity is limited, and the constraints of the ecological environment on economic development are increasingly tightening. As a large developing country, China’s industrialization and urbanisation must continue to progress, which makes the tasks of achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality even more arduous. We must adhere to high-quality development and resolutely follow the path of civilised development, which features improved production development, affluent living, and a good ecological environment. It is necessary to promote the formation of green and low-carbon production and lifestyles, and achieve sustainable development of the Chinese nation.” 也要看到，我国生态系统脆弱，环境容量有限，生态环境对经济发展的约束日益趋紧。作为一个发展中大国，我国工业化、城镇化还要继续推进，实现碳达峰、碳中和目标任务艰巨。我们必须坚持高质量发展，坚定不移走生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路，推动形成绿色低碳的生产方式和生活方式，实现中华民族永续发展.
Fourth, promoting high-quality development is necessary to solidly promote the common prosperity of all people. Under this, Han appreciates the wealth generation that has taken place since reform and opening up, but adds that the income gap, wealth distribution gap and urban-rural development gap remain significant. He says:
“We cannot wait until modernization is achieved to address the issue of common prosperity. We must solve the problems of unbalanced and inadequate development through high-quality development and make more substantial and obvious progress in promoting common prosperity for all people. It is necessary to protect and improve people's livelihood through high-quality development, improve people’s education level, enhance employment and entrepreneurship capabilities, improve the ability of people to become prosperous, and expand the middle-income group. At the same time, we should actively address regional disparities, urban-rural gaps, and income distribution inequalities in order to improve the balance, coordination, and inclusiveness of development, and gradually achieve common prosperity for all people.” 我们不能等实现了现代化再来解决共同富裕问题，必须通过高质量发展解决发展不平衡不充分问题，推动全体人民共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展。要通过高质量发展保障和改善民生，提高人民受教育程度，提升就业创业能力，增强致富本领，扩大中等收入群体。同时，积极解决地区差距、城乡差距、收入分配差距等问题，提高发展的平衡性、协调性、包容性，循序渐进实现全体人民共同富裕.
Fifth, promoting high-quality development is necessary to prevent and resolve major risks. Han argues that at present, China’s overall economic and social situation are stable, but profound changes are occurring in both domestic and international environments, with a significant increase in factors of instability and uncertainty.
“Risks around real estate, local government debt, and small and medium-sized financial institutions are still prominent, and are interrelated and contagious. The root cause of economic and financial risks lies in extensive and low-quality development. We must adhere to high-quality development to prevent and resolve major risks, expanding the economic strength as the denominator and diluting the risks as the numerator, thereby laying a solid foundation for resisting various risks. It is necessary to accelerate the construction of a new model for real estate development and promote high-quality real estate development; deeply implement the local government debt risk resolution plan; continue to promote the reform and risk reduction of small and medium-sized financial institutions, take multiple measures to promote the healthy development of the capital markets, strengthen the construction of a financial stability guarantee system, and maintain the bottom line of ensuring no systemic risks.” （五）推动高质量发展是防范化解重大风险的需要。当前，我国经济社会大局保持稳定，但国内外环境发生深刻变化，不稳定不确定因素明显增多。从经济领域看，房地产、地方政府债务、中小金融机构等风险仍然突出，而且相互关联、相互传染。经济金融风险的根源在于粗放低质发展。我们必须坚持高质量发展来防范化解重大风险，做大经济实力这个分母，稀释风险这个分子，夯实抵御各类风险的基础。要抓紧构建房地产发展新模式，促进房地产高质量发展；深入实施地方政府债务风险化解方案；持续推动中小金融机构改革化险，多措并举促进资本市场健康发展，强化金融稳定保障体系建设，守住不发生系统性风险的底线.
In the second section of the article Han identifies six tasks for promoting high-quality development through deepening reform.
First, deepen the reform of the system and mechanism of education, science and technology, and talents; promote innovative development; and accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system.
Under this, he calls to:
“Accelerate the construction of a high-quality education system, intensify efforts to independently cultivate high-quality talents, and actively attract, retain, and effectively utilise top overseas talents”. 要加快建设高质量教育体系，加大自主培养高素质人才的力度，积极引进、留住和用好海外顶尖人才.
“Deepen reforms in the science and technology system, improve the new national innovation system, strengthen the country’s strategic scientific and technological capabilities, and optimise the allocation of innovation resources.” 深化科技体制改革，健全新型举国体制，强化国家战略科技力量，优化配置创新资源.
“Strengthen the leading role of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation, and promote the deep integration of industry, academia and research.”强化企业科技创新主体地位，推动产学研深度融合。
“Deepen the reform of talent systems and mechanisms in order to cultivate a large number of high-quality talents who are both morally upright and professionally competent.” 深化人才体制机制改革，培养造就大批德才兼备的高素质人才.
He adds:
“It is necessary to further comprehensively deepen reforms, focus on removing obstacles that hinder the development of new quality productive forces, and establish new production relationships that are compatible with them. It is necessary to accelerate the development of new quality productive forces according to local conditions, foster and expand emerging industries, strategically plan and construct future industries, and accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system. China’s traditional industries are large in scale and broad in scope, serving as the main source of employment, income, and livelihood security. In developing new quality productive forces, we must not neglect or abandon traditional industries. Instead, we must upgrade and transform traditional industries using advanced and appropriate technologies. In developing new quality productive forces, various localities should proceed based on their actual conditions and avoid rushing in or creating bubbles. They should selectively promote the development of new industries, new models, and new drivers of growth based on their local resource endowments, industrial foundations, research capabilities, and ecological environments.” 必须进一步全面深化改革，着力打通束缚新质生产力发展的堵点卡点，形成与之相适应的新型生产关系。要因地制宜加快发展新质生产力，培育壮大新兴产业，超前布局建设未来产业，加快建设现代化产业体系。我国传统产业量大面广，是就业、收入和民生保障的主要来源。发展新质生产力不要忽视、放弃传统产业，必须运用先进适用技术改造提升传统产业。各地发展新质生产力要从实际出发，防止一哄而上、泡沫化，根据本地的资源禀赋、产业基础、科研条件、生态环境等，有选择地推动新产业、新模式、新动能发展.
Second, he talks about the importance of reform of agriculture and rural areas, the formation of a new pattern of urban-rural integration and promoting regional coordinated development. Han writes:
“Efforts should be made to narrow the gap between urban and rural development, further promote new urbanisation with people as the core, accelerate the urbanisation of agricultural migrant population, deepen the reform of household registration system, and promote the full coverage of basic public services for permanent urban residents. We must promote the overall revitalization of rural areas, consolidate and expand the achievements of tackling poverty, consolidate and improve the basic rural management system, accelerate the construction of a strong agricultural country, and build a beautiful countryside that is suitable for both living and working.” 要着力缩小城乡发展差距，深入推进以人为核心的新型城镇化，加快农业转移人口市民化，深化户籍制度改革，推进城镇基本公共服务常住人口全覆盖。推进乡村全面振兴，巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果，巩固和完善农村基本经营制度，加快建设农业强国，建设宜居宜业和美乡村.
Han further argues that given China’s vast territory and a large population, coordinated regional development is a major issue.
“It is necessary to thoroughly implement the strategy of coordinated regional development, effectively implement national spatial planning, and promote each region to follow a path of rational division of labour and optimised development according to its own conditions, so that comparative advantages and key functional roles are effectively exerted. Promote the development of the western region, the revitalization of the northeast, the rise of the central region, and the eastern region taking the lead in development in order to cultivate a new atmosphere. Promote the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, and the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, and continuously improve the balance, coordination, and sustainability of development.” 我国幅员辽阔、人口众多，统筹区域发展是一个重大课题。要深入实施区域协调发展战略，落实好国土空间规划，推动各地区根据各自条件，走合理分工、优化发展的路子，使各地比较优势和主体功能得到有效发挥。推动西部开发、东北振兴、中部崛起、东部率先发展呈现新气象，推动京津冀协同发展、长江经济带发展、粤港澳大湾区建设、长三角一体化发展、黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展，不断提高发展的平衡性、协调性、可持续性.
Third, Han calls to push forward the reform of the ecological civilization system, promote green development, and make green and low-carbon the foundation and future advantage of Chinese-style modernization. Under this, he calls to “improve the fiscal, taxation, finance, investment, price policies and standard systems that support green development, improve the ecological protection compensation system, and establish an ecological product value realisation mechanism.” 要牢固树立和践行绿水青山就是金山银山的理念，坚持山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理，完善支持绿色发展的财税、金融、投资、价格政策和标准体系，完善生态保护补偿制度，建立生态产品价值实现机制.
Han also calls to “steadily promote carbon peak and carbon neutrality, accelerate the creation of a green and low-carbon industrial chain and supply chain, and form a green and low-carbon production and lifestyle.” He also talks about fighting the battle for “blue skies, clear waters, and pure lands.” 持续深入打好蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战，加快建设美丽中国。积极稳妥推进碳达峰碳中和，加快打造绿色低碳产业链供应链，形成绿色低碳生产方式和生活方式.
The next bit is important in this context. Han says that “we must base our approach on the basic national condition of the dominance of coal as the main energy source, adhere to the principle of ‘establishing the new before breaking the old’, and give full play to the bottom-line guarantee role of coal and coal-fired power, while also deeply advancing the energy revolution, plan and build a new energy system, and accelerate the green and low-carbon transformation of energy structure.” 我们既要立足以煤为主的基本国情，坚持先立后破，发挥好煤炭和煤电的兜底保障作用，也要深入推进能源革命，规划建设新型能源体系，加快能源结构绿色低碳转型.
“It is necessary to continue to vigorously develop new energy sources, such as solar and wind power, strengthen R&D in and application of cutting-edge energy technologies, such as energy storage and hydrogen energy, accelerate the construction of a new power system, and make good use of traditional energy sources in a clean and efficient manner, so as to contribute to the realisation of the ‘dual carbon’ goal. Improve the regulation of total energy consumption and intensity, focus on controlling fossil fuels energy consumption, and gradually shift to a system of ‘dual control’ of total carbon emissions and intensity.” 要继续大力发展光伏、风电等新能源，加强储能、氢能等能源前沿技术研发应用，加快构建新型电力系统，做好传统能源清洁高效利用，为实现“双碳”目标作出贡献。完善能源消耗总量和强度调控，重点控制化石能源消费，逐步转向碳排放总量和强度“双控”制度.
Fourth, improve institutional mechanisms for high-level opening-up and promote dual circulation. Under this, Han quotes Xi as having said that “high-quality development in the future must also be pursued under more open conditions.”
“We must strengthen the endogenous power and reliability of domestic circulation and thereby form a strong attraction for global factor resources, strong competitiveness amid fierce international competition and strong driving force when it comes to global resource allocation. Build a grand domestic circulation from the perspective of a national strategy, break administrative barriers and artificial obstacles, eliminate local protectionism and ‘involution-style’ vicious competition, and accelerate the construction of a unified national market.” 我们要增强国内大循环内生动力和可靠性，并以此形成对全球要素资源的强大吸引力、在激烈国际竞争中的强大竞争力、在全球资源配置中的强大推动力。从全国一盘棋的角度来构建国内大循环，打破行政壁垒和人为障碍，消除地方保护主义和“内卷式”恶性竞争，加快构建全国统一大市场.
Han further calls to “organically combine the domestic and international circulations, use domestic circulation to drive international circulation, and promote domestic circulation through international circulation. We must unswervingly adhere to the basic national policy of opening up to the outside world, continue to expand high-level opening up to the outside world, especially steadily expanding institutional opening up through rules, regulations, management, and standards, improve the quality and level of international circulation, and expand a broader development space for Chinese-style modernization. We must practise the global governance concept of consultation, joint construction, and sharing, adhere to true multilateralism, actively participate in the reform of the WTO, and promote the improvement of a more fair and rational global economic governance system.” 要把国内循环和国际循环有机结合起来，以内循环牵引外循环、以外循环促进内循环，形成以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局。坚持对外开放基本国策不动摇，继续扩大高水平对外开放，特别是稳步扩大规则、规制、管理、标准等制度型开放，提升国际循环质量和水平，为中国式现代化拓展更为广阔的发展空间。践行共商共建共享的全球治理观，坚持真正的多边主义，积极参与世界贸易组织改革，推动完善更加公正合理的全球经济治理体系.
Fifth, he calls to deepen institutional reforms in the field of people’s livelihood. This is important in the context of the goal of common prosperity.
“It is necessary to adhere to the principle of distribution according to work as the mainstay, with multiple distribution methods coexisting, and construct a coordinated and complementary system of institutional arrangements for primary distribution (i.e., incomes and wages), secondary distribution (i.e., government-led redistribution), and tertiary distribution (i.e., charity, donations, gifts, welfare works, etc).” 要坚持按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存，构建初次分配、再分配、第三次分配协调配套的制度体系.
“Fully implement the policy of workers’ independent choice of employment, market regulation of employment, government promotion of employment and encouragement of entrepreneurship, improve employment support policies for key groups, deepen the reform of employment system and mechanism, strengthen the protection of workers' rights and interests, and continuously promote the effective improvement of employment quality and reasonable growth of employment quantity. Continuously improve a multi-tiered social security system that covers the entire population, coordinates urban and rural areas, ensures fairness and unity, and is sustainable; improve security standards and effectively safeguard the bottom line of people’s livelihoods. It is necessary to establish and improve the support policy system for childbirth, reduce the cost of childbirth, parenting and education, strive to achieve a moderate fertility level, and strive to achieve high-quality population development.” 全面贯彻劳动者自主就业、市场调节就业、政府促进就业和鼓励创业的方针，完善重点群体就业支持政策，深化就业体制机制改革，加强劳动者权益保障，持续促进就业质的有效提升和量的合理增长。不断健全覆盖全民、统筹城乡、公平统一、可持续的多层次社会保障体系，完善保障标准，切实兜住、兜准、兜牢民生底线。要建立健全生育支持政策体系，降低生育、养育、教育成本，努力实现适度生育水平，努力实现人口高质量发展.
Sixth, improve the system and mechanism of secure development, effectively coordinate development and security, and achieve a positive interaction between high-quality development and high-level security.
“General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out that if the foundation of security is not solid, the edifice of development is likely to tremble/be shaky (地动山摇 - the earth quakes, the mountains tremble – implying a sense of serious jeopardy). Since the 18th Party Congress, China’s national security has been comprehensively strengthened and has withstood the risks and challenges in the fields of politics, economy, ideology, nature and others. At the same time, it should be noted that China currently faces a more severe national security situation; the overall coordination mechanism for safeguarding national security is still not sound, and there is an urgent need to better coordinate development and security.” 健全安全发展体制机制，有效统筹发展和安全，实现高质量发展和高水平安全良性互动。习近平总书记指出，如果安全这个基础不牢，发展的大厦就会地动山摇。党的十八大以来，我国国家安全得到全面加强，经受住了来自政治、经济、意识形态、自然界等方面的风险挑战考验。同时也要看到，当前我国面临更为严峻的国家安全形势，维护国家安全的统筹协调机制尚不健全，迫切需要更好统筹发展和安全.
“Development is the foundation. It is necessary to continue to deepen reforms, constantly liberate and develop social productive forces, and provide more solid material and technological guarantees for national security by continuously expanding economic strength, scientific and technological strength, and comprehensive national strength. Security is the bottom line. It is necessary to improve the system and mechanisms for secure development, implement the overall national security concept, enhance the legal framework, strategic framework, policy framework, risk monitoring and early warning system, and national emergency management system, enhance disaster prevention, mitigation, relief, and response capabilities for major emergencies, and improve the effectiveness of social governance. It is necessary to effectively maintain economic security, ensure the security of food, energy resources, and important industrial chain supply chains, and enhance the ability to ensure the supply of strategic resources. It is also crucial to improve risk prevention and control mechanisms, enhance risk mitigation capabilities, and consolidate the results of the battle to prevent and resolve major risks.” 发展是基础，要持续深化改革，不断解放和发展社会生产力，以持续壮大的经济实力、科技实力、综合国力，为国家安全提供更为坚实的物质技术保障。安全是底线，要完善安全发展的体制机制，落实总体国家安全观，完善国家安全法治体系、战略体系、政策体系、风险监测预警体系、国家应急管理体系，增强防灾减灾救灾和重大突发公共事件处置保障能力，提升社会治理效能。切实维护经济安全，确保粮食、能源资源、重要产业链供应链安全，提升战略性资源供应保障能力。完善风险防控机制，提高风险化解能力，巩固防范化解重大风险攻坚战成果.
“In order to promote high-quality development, it is necessary to have both, effective improvement in quality and reasonable growth in quantity, with the focus on achieving reasonable economic growth, full employment, stable prices, and a basic balance in balance of international payments. It is necessary to strive to keep major economic indicators within a reasonable range and continue to write a new chapter in the ‘two miracles’ of rapid economic development and long-term social stability.” 推动高质量发展，既要有质的有效提升，也要有量的合理增长，重点是实现合理的经济增长、充分的就业、稳定的物价、基本平衡的国际收支等。我们要努力使主要经济指标保持在合理区间，续写经济快速发展和社会长期稳定“两大奇迹”的新篇章.
In the third and final section, Han argues that promoting high-quality development requires establishing the correct view of political achievements. He makes four brief points.
First, “adhere to the principle of seeking progress while maintaining stability, and guard against eagerness for quick returns and instant benefits (急功近利) or rushing in hastily in an uncoordinated or disorderly manner. Promoting high-quality development requires balancing short-term and long-term goals and emphasising the use of scientific and reasonable methods. We should persist in seeking progress while maintaining stability, proceed step by step, striving for progress over a period of time, guard against unrealistic ambitions and impatience for short-term goals, maintain historical patience, enhance forward-looking thinking, comprehensive planning, strategic layout, and holistic advancement. For certain industries, especially emerging ones, we should encourage innovation and development while also regulating and guiding them in order to prevent disorder when left unchecked and stagnation when they are overly regulated.” 一要坚持稳中求进，防止急功近利、一哄而上。推动高质量发展，需要长短结合，注重运用科学合理的方式方法。要坚持稳中求进、循序渐进、久久为功，防止好高骛远，防止为了短期目标而急功近利，必须保持历史耐心，加强前瞻性思考、全局性谋划、战略性布局、整体性推进。对一些行业特别是新生事物，既要鼓励创新和发展，也要加以规范和引导，防止一放就乱、一管就死.
Second, we must put quality first and efficiency first, and prevent blind pursuit of quantity and scale regardless of objective conditions and in violation of laws. General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly stressed that we cannot simply judge heroes by the GDP growth rate. To promote high-quality development, we must handle the relationship between speed and quality. It is necessary to persist with promoting sustained and healthy economic development by improving quality and efficiency, pursue a real GDP that is not artificially inflated or exaggerated, prevent local governments from engaging in mutual comparison and even escalating competition excessively, prevent blind and reckless pursuit of economic growth and falsification of data, and prevent drain the pond to catch the fish (excessive exploitation of resources to the point of depletion for short-term gains) and burdening the people while wasting finances. It is necessary to take practical measures and seek practical results, persist in laying a foundation for long-term benefits, and solidly promote the effective improvement of quality and reasonable growth of quantity in the economy.” 二要坚持质量第一、效益优先，防止不顾客观条件、违背规律盲目追求数量规模。习近平总书记多次强调，不能简单以国内生产总值增长率论英雄。推动高质量发展，要处理好速度和质量的关系。要坚持以提高质量和效益来推动经济持续健康发展，追求实实在在、没有水分的生产总值，防止各地相互攀比甚至层层加码，防止为了经济增长盲目蛮干、数据造假，更要防止竭泽而渔、劳民伤财。要出实招求实效，坚持打基础利长远，扎扎实实推动经济实现质的有效提升和量的合理增长.
Third, persist in ensuring the development of the real economy, preventing it from becoming divorced from reality and turning towards the virtual. It is necessary to profoundly grasp the new characteristics and requirements of development, persist in making the real economy stronger and better, and stick to the real economy, especially the manufacturing industry, to prevent ‘hollowing out of industry’. The financial sector must return to its original purpose, prevent its detachment from reality and turn towards virtual/speculative domains and ensure that it truly serves the real economy as its starting point and end point. 三要坚持发展实体经济，防止脱实向虚。要深刻把握发展的阶段性新特征新要求，坚持把做实做强做优实体经济作为主攻方向，坚守实体经济特别是制造业，防止出现“产业空心化”。金融要回归本源，防止脱实向虚，切实把服务实体经济作为出发点和落脚点.
Fourth, “it is necessary to insist on establishing the new before breaking the old, and prevent breaking the old before establishing the new. Policy adjustment and reform promotion must be orderly and coherent, and cannot be achieved overnight. It is necessary to grasp the timing and effectiveness, insist on establishing before breaking, take steady steps, make full preparations, put together detailed plans, strengthen expectation management, and prevent ‘one size fits all’ approaches and a ‘hard landing’.” 四要坚持先立后破，防止未立先破。调整政策和推动改革要有序连贯衔接，不可能一蹴而就。要把握好时度效，坚持先立后破、稳扎稳打，做好充分准备、做细方案，加强预期管理，防止“一刀切”、“硬着陆”.