Putin's Xinhua Interview - Ding on Boosting Employment - Commentary on Discipline Education Campaign - No More 'Problematic Maps' on APPs - China's Warning on US Tariffs
Here are the key reports and articles that I found noteworthy from the People's Daily’s edition on Wednesday, May 15, 2024.
Page 1: Let’s begin with a report on comments by Ding Xuexiang during a video conference on youth employment and entrepreneurship.
Ding said that “it is necessary to thoroughly study and implement the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important instructions, place greater emphasis on the employment-first orientation, do everything possible to promote the employment of college graduates, and ensure the overall stability of the youth employment situation.” 要深入学习贯彻习近平总书记重要指示精神，更加突出就业优先导向，千方百计促进高校毕业生就业，确保青年就业形势总体稳定。
He called to “expand employment channels for college graduates, stabilize existing job positions, expand the scale of new positions, and help graduates achieve employment as early as possible. Make greater efforts to open up market-oriented jobs, make full use of policies to stabilize jobs and promote employment, and create more jobs through major projects, initiatives, and measures to boost domestic demand. Stabilize and accelerate the recruitment of policy-related positions, expanding the scale as much as possible and recruiting as early as possible, to better leverage the role of policy-related positions in employment. Organize and implement grassroots service projects, develop more grassroots jobs through rural revitalization, social work, elderly care services, emergency management, etc., and encourage graduates to make contributions at the grassroots level.” 丁薛祥强调，要持续挖潜拓宽高校毕业生就业渠道，稳住存量岗位，扩大增量规模，帮助毕业生尽早实现就业。更大力度开拓市场化岗位，用足用好稳岗促就业政策，结合重大工程、重大项目、重大扩内需举措开发更多岗位。稳定并加快政策性岗位招录，规模上能扩尽扩，时间上能早尽早，更好发挥政策性岗位吸纳作用。组织实施好基层服务项目，开发更多乡村振兴、社会工作、为老服务、应急管理等方面的基层就业岗位，鼓励毕业生到基层建功立业。
The next bit is about the importance of proper guidance for college graduates regarding their career and job choices. He wants work done to “guide graduates to establish a correct outlook on career choice and employment.” He also called for “optimizing employment and entrepreneurship services, enhancing internship and apprenticeship systems, and assisting entrepreneurial students in addressing issues such as lack of funding, space, and experience. Secure the bottom line for employment of graduates from poverty-stricken families, subsistence allowance families, zero-employment families, disabled and other disadvantaged graduate groups. Strictly crack down on employment-related illegal and criminal activities in accordance with laws and regulations, and effectively safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of graduates.” 丁薛祥指出，要用心用情做好就业指导帮扶工作。持续开展就业观念教育，引导毕业生树立正确的择业观、就业观。优化就业创业服务，健全就业实习和见习制度，帮助创业学生解决好缺资金、缺场地、缺经验等问题。兜牢脱贫家庭、低保家庭、零就业家庭、残疾等困难毕业生群体就业底线。依法依规严厉打击涉就业违法犯罪活动，切实维护毕业生合法权益.
Next, there’s a report (English report) on a bunch of new ambassadorial appointments. China has not had an ambassador in Delhi since October 2022. Finally, that’s changed. Among other appointments, Xu Feihong was appointed ambassador to India.
Other changes are:
Fu Cong was appointed permanent representative to the United Nations, replacing Zhang Jun.
Cong Peiwu was appointed ambassador to Iran, replacing Chang Hua.
Chang Hua was appointed ambassador to Saudi Arabia, replacing Chen Weiqing.
Yang Renhuo was appointed ambassador to Guinea-Bissau, replacing Guo Ce.
Liu Weimin was appointed ambassador to Tonga, replacing Cao Xiaolin.
Chu Maoming was appointed ambassador to Dominica, replacing Lin Xianjiang.
Li Xiang was appointed ambassador to Eritrea, replacing Cai Ge.
Finally, there is a Zhong Yin commentary 仲音 on the significance of the Party discipline education campaign. The author writes:
Among all the disciplines and rules of the party, the foremost are political discipline and political rules. Transforming discipline and rules into political consciousness requires one to be politically savvy, always keep the banner taut and talk about politics with a clear-cut stand, be particularly clear-headed and firm on issues of political principle in the face of major issues of right and wrong, always be loyal to the Party, share the worries for the Party, fulfil responsibilities and contribute to the Party, and constantly improve political judgement, understanding, and execution. 在所有党的纪律和规矩中，第一位的是政治纪律和政治规矩。把纪律规矩转化为政治自觉，就要做政治上的明白人，时刻绷紧旗帜鲜明讲政治这根弦，在大是大非面前、在政治原则问题上做到头脑特别清醒、立场特别坚定，永远对党忠诚、为党分忧、为党尽责、为党奉献，不断提高政治判断力、政治领悟力、政治执行力。
“It is necessary to regard safeguarding the authority of the Party Central Committee and its centralized and unified leadership as the most fundamental political discipline and rule. Firmly support the ‘Two Establishments’ and resolutely achieve the “two safeguards’. At any time and under any circumstances, we must maintain a high degree of alignment with the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core in terms of ideology, politics and actions, unify our thoughts and actions, know what to do and what not to do; advance if ordered, stop when forbidden (知行知止、令行禁止), thereby forming a strong driving force and joint force to promote Chinese-style modernization.” 要把维护党中央权威和集中统一领导作为最根本的政治纪律和政治规矩，坚定拥护“两个确立”、坚决做到“两个维护”，任何时候任何情况下都必须在思想上政治上行动上同以习近平同志为核心的党中央保持高度一致，统一思想、统一行动，知行知止、令行禁止，形成推进中国式现代化的强大动力和合力.
The next bit adds: To transform discipline and rules into ideological consciousness, one must engrave adherence to regulations and discipline in the heart, internalizing it as self-discipline in words and deeds. 把纪律规矩转化为思想自觉，就要把遵规守纪刻印在心，内化为言行自律.
The examples offered are:
Jiao Yulu Ten Never-Do’s for Officials and him chastising his son for apparently having watched an opera for free.
The honesty and integrity of Gu Wenchang, who spent his entire life working in forestry but did not abuse his position (never touched an inch of public wood/从不沾公家一寸木材)
Finally, there is Yang Shanzhou, who steadfastly adhering to the habit of paying his own meal expenses when travelling for work and never using public vehicles for personal purposes
从焦裕禄不让孩子“看白戏”，建议县委作出“十不准”的规定；到谷文昌大半辈子与林业打交道，从不沾公家一寸木材；再到杨善洲一辈子固守着下乡和出差自己缴伙食费、公车不私用的习惯…… If you are interested in more such moral tales, do check out this book put out by the People’s Daily’s commentary department some time back.
The next paragraph says that for party members and cadres, only by maintaining a pure heart and clear conscience, cherishing virtue and self-respect, can they consistently avoid indulgence, deviations, and transgressions. It adds that through this process, the aim is to enhance discipline awareness and strengthen party spirit; consolidate the ideological foundation, improve ideological awareness, mental state, and moral cultivation; establish a correct view of power, political achievements, and career; strengthen political determination, discipline, moral integrity, and resolve against corruption; and ensure that there are no rash thoughts internally, and no rash actions externally, maintaining the political essence of Communists, always being loyal, clean, and responsible.” 对于党员、干部来说，只有正心明道、怀德自重，才能始终做到不放纵、不越轨、不逾矩。要真正使学习党纪的过程成为增强纪律意识、提高党性修养的过程，从思想上固本培元，不断提高思想觉悟、精神境界、道德修养，树立正确的权力观、政绩观、事业观，增强政治定力、纪律定力、道德定力、抵腐定力，以内无妄思保证外无妄动，保持共产党人的政治本色，始终做到忠诚干净担当.
The final bit underscores that discipline is that 戒尺 (yardstick/sort of like a stick used for disciplining students or children) and cadres and officials must get used to living and working in an environment of supervision and regulation. The author demands that everyone study the rules and know what they are and what they are not; what is permitted and what is not. And use Party disciplinary rules to correct one’s thoughts and actions. The article adds that anti-corruption work is an ongoing battle and cadres and officials must develop a sense of awe so that they can be cautious in speech and conduct.
Page 2: There’s a report on the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly releasing a notice on regulation for the usage of online maps associated with mobile applications. Global Times has an English report on this. It says:
“A correct national territory map is a symbol of national sovereignty and territorial integrity, reflecting the nation's will in sovereignty and its political and diplomatic stance in the international community, said the notice. Maps are the most common and intuitive representation of national territory, with serious political, rigorous scientific and strict legal significance. Including ‘problematic maps’ in the apps, which have not gone through required map review procedures in accordance with the laws, seriously undermine China's national sovereignty, security and development interests. Such maps refer to those that inaccurately delineate China's national borders, omit important islands, or even mark sensitive military and confidential information. Authorities noted that the operators of mobile apps have to fully recognize the importance of correctly integrating and using maps, enhancing awareness of national territory, and resolutely preventing the use of "problematic maps."
“Providers of online map services to register with relevant authorities, go through map review procedures and renew their review procedures when their map content changes or is updated, it said. Meanwhile, the map service providers should also take measures including warnings, restricting functions, closing accounts, retaining records and reporting if registered users violate laws and regulations while using the maps. The two Chinese ministries also urged related departments to establish information sharing, emergency response and joint enforcement systems. The two departments vowed to regularly release map review information and app filing information to improve the capability of preventing ‘problem maps’ and resisting risks. Illegal behaviors such as providing services using maps that have not been legally reviewed and approved, failing to verify and correct newly added content on online maps, uploading content that contains information prohibited from being displayed on maps according to relevant national laws and regulations, will be handled in accordance with laws and regulations by the authorities.”
China-US Friction Over New Tariffs
Yesterday, the Biden administration announced a new round of tariffs under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 on $18 billion of imports from China. The announcement said that the tariffs were targeted at “strategic sectors such as steel and aluminum, semiconductors, electric vehicles, batteries, critical minerals, solar cells, ship-to-shore cranes, and medical products.”
The tariff rate on certain steel and aluminum products under Section 301 will increase from 0–7.5% to 25% in 2024.
The tariff rate on semiconductors will increase from 25% to 50% by 2025.
The tariff rate on electric vehicles under Section 301 will increase from 25% to 100% in 2024.
The tariff rate on lithium-ion EV batteries will increase from 7.5%% to 25% in 2024, while the tariff rate on lithium-ion non-EV batteries will increase from 7.5% to 25% in 2026. The tariff rate on battery parts will increase from 7.5% to 25% in 2024.
The tariff rate on natural graphite and permanent magnets will increase from zero to 25% in 2026. The tariff rate for certain other critical minerals will increase from zero to 25% in 2024.
The tariff rate on solar cells (whether or not assembled into modules) will increase from 25% to 50% in 2024.
The tariff rate on ship-to-shore cranes will increase from 0% to 25% in 2024.
The tariff rates on syringes and needles will increase from 0% to 50% in 2024. For certain personal protective equipment (PPE), including certain respirators and face masks, the tariff rates will increase from 0–7.5% to 25% in 2024. Tariffs on rubber medical and surgical gloves will increase from 7.5% to 25% in 2026.
Beijing’s reaction was an angry one. The Ministry of Commerce pushed back against the tariffs, with a direct warning. Xinhua reports:
“China firmly opposes and lodges solemn representations over the further increase of additional tariffs on some Chinese goods by the United States, and will take resolute measures to safeguard its own rights and interests, the country's Ministry of Commerce said on Tuesday. On top of existing tariffs under Section 301, the United States on Tuesday decided to raise additional tariffs on its imports of Chinese products including electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries, solar cells, critical minerals, semiconductors, steel and aluminum, and cranes. China is strongly dissatisfied with the U.S. abuse of the Section 301 tariff review procedure driven by domestic political concerns and its increase of additional tariffs on certain Chinese products…This move politicizes trade issues and uses them as a tool, the statement said, calling it ‘typical political manipulation.’ The World Trade Organization (WTO) has already ruled that the Section 301 tariffs are in violation of WTO regulations, yet the U.S. side has continued its wrongdoing, it said. The U.S. tariff hike goes against the consensus reached by the leaders of the two countries and the promises of U.S. President Joe Biden, and will seriously affect the atmosphere of bilateral cooperation, said the statement. The U.S. side should immediately rectify its wrongdoing and remove the additional tariff measures against China, it said.”
While the foreign ministry didn’t say much in yesterday’s press conference, Wang Wenbin did say that “China opposes unilateral tariffs that violate WTO rules and will take all measures necessary to defend our legitimate rights and interests.”
Speaking to Bloomberg, US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen had said that “hopefully we will not see a significant Chinese response. But that's always a possibility”. The Commerce Ministry’s comment above seems to suggest that there will be significant pushback.
It is worth noting that while this is happening, China’s special envoy for climate change Liu Zhenmin is leading a delegation to the US. Chinese reporting said that as part of the talks between Liu and Presidential Envoy for Climate John Podesta:
“China and the U.S. agreed on climate change cooperation including deploying emission reduction technologies for methane emissions control and reductions…In-depth discussions were held on energy transition, methane and other non-CO2 greenhouse gases, the circular economy, and resource efficiency between Liu and Podesta. The meeting also discussed cooperation on relevant multilateral issues in preparation for the 2024 UN Climate Change Conference (COP 29). Both China and the U.S. shared their experiences and challenges in climate policies and actions, and expressed willingness to engage in technical and policy exchanges. The two sides plan to hold the second Summit on Methane and Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases during COP29, and look forward to the China-U.S. Local Climate Action High-Level Event in Berkeley, California on May 29-30.”
Talking about the tariffs in this context, China’s foreign ministry said that “the U.S. has expressed willingness to strengthen cooperation with China in addressing climate change, while at the same time hyping up the so-called ‘overcapacity of China's new energy production’ and threatening to impose high tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles, solar products, and other goods. This contradictory approach not only goes against the consensus reached at the summit between the Chinese and U.S. leaders on cooperating to address the climate crisis, but also harms the global green transition and undermines efforts to combat climate change worldwide. ‘We urge the U.S. side not to build roads on one hand while digging pits on the other, and to create favorable conditions for cooperation between China and the U.S. on climate change and for global green transition’.”
I also recommend this Reuters explainer to understand why Chinese analysts are critical of the tariffs as merely political optics.
In the first quarter, Geely was the only Chinese automaker to export to the United States with 2,217 cars, according to data from the China Passenger Car Association.
Last year, China exported $3.35 million solar cells to the US, less than 0.1 per cent of China's total exports. Outbound shipments of completed solar panels to the US stood at $13.15 million in 2023, only 0.03 per cent of China's solar panel exports.
According to WTO data, China exported $30.9 billion medical goods to the United States in 2022, accounting for about one fifth of China's overall exports of medical goods.
Page 3: There’s a brief report informing that Russian President Vladimir Putin will be visiting China on Thursday and Friday. Ahead of the visit, the Russian Foreign Minister’s remarks are worth noting. These are also briefly covered in PD today.
“China has become a global leader. This is not liked by the United States, which, along with its satellites, has brought to heel the rest of the West, and has declared doctrinally that it cannot allow anyone to be stronger and more influential than Washington. That is why we, along with our Chinese colleagues, are interested in continuing to be the leaders in terms of efforts toward establishing a fairer democratic world order…Naturally, Russia and China are not the only ones who want to reform the international system and promote the establishment of a multipolar world order that would reflect the real weight of states and their associations…”
Putin has also given an interview to Xinhua before landing. Key excerpts:
“I would like to highlight that it (China-Russia relationship) has always relied on the principles of equality and trust, mutual respect for the sovereignty and consideration of each other's interests. A special and prominent role in the development of our relations has belonged to wise and shrewd politicians and state leaders, such as Xi Jinping…”
“President Xi maintains a respectful, friendly, open and at the same time business-like style of communication. Our every meeting is not just a dialogue between old friends, which is important, too, just like for everyone, - but also a fruitful exchange of views on the most topical issues on the bilateral and international agenda.”
The “unprecedented level of strategic partnership between our countries determined my choice of China as the first state to be visited after the official inauguration as the president of the Russian Federation.”
“Today, Russia-China relations have reached the highest level ever, and despite the difficult global situation continue to get stronger.”
“It is important that Russia-China ties as they are today, are free from the influence of either ideology or political trends. Their multidimensional development is an informed strategic choice based on the wide convergence of core national interests, profound mutual trust, strong public support and sincere friendship between the peoples of the two countries. I am talking about our joint efforts to strengthen the sovereignty, protect the territorial integrity and security of our countries. In a broader sense, we are working to contribute to the development and prosperity of Russia and China by enhancing equal, mutually beneficial economic and humanitarian cooperation, and strengthen foreign policy coordination in the interests of building a just multipolar world order. All this is the key to a future success of our comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination for the new era.”
When asked about bilateral trade crossing $200 billion, Putin actually disses the notion of using USD to value trade.
“it reached US$227.8 billion last year, against US$111 billion in 2019. More than 90% of settlements between our companies are made in national currencies. So it would be more accurate to say that bilateral trade currently totals about 20 trillion rubles, or nearly 1.6 trillion yuan.”
In terms of future plans, he said “we will try to establish closer cooperation in industry and high-tech, outer space and peaceful atom(ic energy cooperation?), artificial intelligence, renewable energy and other innovative sectors. We will keep working to provide favourable legal and organizational conditions for that and develop transport and financial infrastructure. I believe that Russian-Chinese economic ties have great prospects.”
The next bit is about cultural and people-to-people ties. Not picking up a lot of this stuff, but Putin said that “I am always eager to discover China's unique and authentic traditions, especially during my visits to the PRC. I know quite a bit about your martial arts, including Wushu, which is very popular in our country. I also have respect for Chinese philosophy. My family members are also interested in China, and some of them are learning Chinese.”
In terms of the BRICS meeting later this year, Putin said:
One of the main goals of the Russian Chairmanship is undoubtedly the seamless integration of the BRICS new members. We are actively assisting them in joining the existing network of cooperation mechanisms. As another priority, we seek to continue coordinated work to enhance the visibility of the association in global affairs and build its capacity to promote a more democratic, stable and fair architecture of international relations. I would like to particularly stress that cooperation within BRICS relies on the principles of mutual respect, equality, openness and consensus. That is why countries of the Global South and East, which see BRICS as a platform for their voices to be certainly heard and taken into account, find our association so attractive.
He said that the agenda spans “finance, agriculture, energy, intellectual property, healthcare, education and space exploration. Moreover, such niche and knowledge-intensive topics as nanotechnology, nuclear medicine and biotechnology are being discussed by experts in relevant fields.”
On China-Russia cooperation at BRICS and SCO, Putin said:
“US-led Western elites refuse to respect civilizational and cultural diversity and reject centuries-old traditional values. Seeking to retain their global dominance, they have usurped the right to tell other nations whom they may, or must not, make friends and cooperate with, and to deny them the right to choose their own development models. They disregard other countries' sovereign interests. They seek to ensure their well-being at the expense of other states, just like in the old days, and resort to neo-colonial methods to that end. Needless to say, neither Russia nor its partners are happy with this state of affairs. We have actively contributed to launching multilateral associations and mechanisms that are independent of the West and are successfully operating. In their work they build on the principles of equality, justice, transparency, respect and consideration of each other's interests…Our countries have similar or coinciding positions on key issues on the international agenda. We advocate for the primacy of international law, equal, indivisible, comprehensive and sustainable security at both the global and regional level with the UN's central coordinating role. We also reject Western attempts to impose an order based on lies and hypocrisy, on some mythical rules of no one knows whose making.”
On the war in Ukraine and Chinese positions on that, he said that Beijing had shown “genuine desire” to “help stabilise the situation.”
“Beijing proposes practicable and constructive steps to achieve peace by refraining from pursuing vested interests and constant escalation of tensions, minimizing the negative impact of the conflict on the global economy and the stability of global value chains. The steps build on the idea that we need to forego the ‘Cold War mentality’ and ensure indivisible security and respect for international law and the UN Charter in their entirety and interrelation. They could therefore lay the groundwork for a political and diplomatic process that would take into account Russia's security concerns and contribute to achieving a long-term and sustainable peace. Unfortunately, neither Ukraine nor its Western patrons support these initiatives. They are not ready to engage in an equal, honest and open dialogue based on mutual respect and consideration of each other's interests. They are reluctant to discuss the underlying causes, the very origins of the global crisis, which has manifested itself, inter alia, in the dramatic situation around Ukraine. Why? Because today's global shocks have been provoked precisely by their policies in the previous years and decades. Instead, Western elites are stubbornly working to ‘punish’ Russia, isolate and weaken it, supplying the Kiev authorities with money and arms. They have imposed almost 16,000 unilateral illegitimate sanctions against our country. They are threatening to dismember our country. They are illegally trying to appropriate our foreign assets. They are turning a blind eye to the resurgence of Nazism and to Ukraine-sponsored terrorist attacks in our territory. We are seeking a comprehensive, sustainable and just settlement of this conflict through peaceful means. We are open to a dialogue on Ukraine, but such negotiations must take into account the interests of all countries involved in the conflict, including ours. They must also involve a substantive discussion on global stability and security guarantees for Russia's opponents and, naturally, for Russia itself. Needless to say, these must be reliable guarantees. That is where the main problem is, since we are dealing with states whose ruling circles seek to substitute the world order based on international law with an ‘order based on certain rules’, which they keep talking about but which no one has ever seen, no one has agreed to, and which, apparently, tend to change depending on the current political situation and interests of those who invent these rules.”
In PD today, there is an article by China’s ambassador to Russia, Zhang Hanhui. He also talks about the strategic nature of the relationship, adding that:
“The development of China-Russia relations adheres to the principles of permanent good-neighbourliness and friendship, comprehensive strategic coordination, and mutually beneficial cooperation for a win-win outcome. It breaks away from Cold War mentalities of camp confrontation, zero-sum games, and undermining each other. It adheres to the principle of non-alignment, non-confrontation, not targeting third parties, and not being influenced by third parties.”中俄战略协作密切高效，始终捍卫公平正义，为国际社会注入了正能量。中俄关系发展秉持永久睦邻友好、全面战略协作、互利合作共赢理念，摆脱阵营对抗、零和博弈、相互拆台的冷战思维，坚持不结盟、不对抗、不针对第三方，也不受第三方影响的准则。
He adds: “Sino-Russian relations today are mature, stable and solid, and can withstand the test of any changes in the international situation. This year Russia serves as the chairman of the BRICS, and China will take over the rotating chairmanship of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. China and Russia will support each other's presidencies, light up the ‘Southern Moment’ in global governance, and promote the establishment of a more just and reasonable international order.” 今天的中俄关系成熟、稳定、坚固，经得起任何国际风云变幻考验。今年俄方担任金砖国家主席国，年内中方将接任上海合作组织轮值主席国。中俄双方将相互支持彼此主席国工作，点亮全球治理的“南方时刻”，推动建立更加公正合理的国际秩序.
Anyway, also on the page is a report on Wang Yi’s meeting with Dato Erywan Pehin Yusof, Brunei's second minister of foreign affairs. Xinhua says:
“The two sides can deepen cooperation in education, cultural tourism, sports, sister cities and other fields to further facilitate personnel exchanges. China supports ASEAN centrality and strategic independence, and supports expanding and strengthening the ASEAN-led cooperation mechanism. China is ready to work with ASEAN countries to deepen political mutual trust, and jointly promote regional development and maintain regional stability, Wang said. China is ready to work with ASEAN countries to fully and effectively implement the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea and strive for the early conclusion of an effective and substantive Code of Conduct in the South China Sea, Wang added.”
In addition, there is a brief report on the page informing that ILD chief Liu Jianchao met with the visiting Pakistani Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Mohammad Ishaq Dar, Secretary General of the SWAPO Party of Namibia Sophia Shaningwa, and Nurul Izzah binti Anwar, vice president of Malaysia's Parti Keadilan Rakyat.
Page 11: Finally, I have run out of time to be able to translate this, but if you are interested, the State Council’s Development Research Centre has a long article explaining why the “overcapacity” narrative with regard to China’s new energy sector is flawed. The argument is that the sector’s development conforms to the laws of market economy and effectively supports the global green and low-carbon transformation. I think I’ve read enough Zhong Caiwen arguments on this anyway.
The key point made is that “the rapid development of China's new energy industry is fundamentally due to the determination to promote green and low-carbon transformation and the economies of scale and comparative advantages formed over a long period of time.” 中国新能源产业快速发展，从根本上说源于推进绿色低碳转型的决心和长期积累形成的规模经济与比较优势.
Also See:
One more point to note is this comment by Chen Binhua, a spokesperson for the State Council Taiwan Affairs Office. Chen warned that China will introduce legal measures to punish diehards whose actions and rhetoric aggressively promote ‘Taiwan independence,’ targeting activities that attempt to split the country or incite separation.