State Council on Support for Q4 - Building IPR Power - 仲音 Stresses the 'Four Earlys' - China-Japan Maritime Talks - Guo Shengkun on NatSec System & Capabilities - Digital Infrastructure in Bangladesh
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Anyway, are the stories and pieces that I found noteworthy in the Thursday, November 24, 2022, edition of the People’s Daily.
Page 1: Let’s begin with a report (detailed English report) on the State Council’s weekly meeting. Xinhua reports:
“The fourth quarter is crucial for the economic performance of the whole year, and now is a critical moment for consolidating the foundation for economic recovery and growth. Sustained efforts must be made with a sense of urgency to maintain the upward momentum. It is imperative to fully implement the policy package for stabilizing the economy, maintain stable employment and prices, keep major economic indicators within a proper range, and strive for better results. Fiscal and financial policies were rolled out earlier to support key projects and equipment upgrading and renovation. This is an important step to promote investment, spur consumption, keep economic activity on an even keel, and pursue structural adjustment. These policies are making a difference, and there is still great potential to be unlocked.”
The report makes six points:
First, expedite the construction of key projects.
“To date, the financial instruments introduced in two batches have provided support to 2,700-plus major projects, and nearly 90 percent of the projects have been launched. The coordination mechanism for major projects must continue to run efficiently, to push for earlier fund allocation and faster construction, and catalyze more investment from the private sector including private firms, so as to generate more physical gains as quickly as possible. Localities failing to deliver on their commitments on time will be called out. Projects unable to be launched as scheduled because of real difficulty will be adjusted. Supervision will be strengthened to ensure clean, high-quality and safe projects.”
Second, accelerate equipment upgrading and renovation
“Financial institutions will be guided to increase medium- and long-term loans to manufacturing enterprises in line with market principles, to promote the upgrading and development of the manufacturing industry.”
Third, stabilize and expand consumption.
“Sustained and sound development of platform-based economy will be supported, and the smooth functioning of e-commerce and express delivery networks guaranteed. City-specific policies will be adopted to meet people's basic housing needs and their wish to improve housing conditions…Special lending facility to ensure the delivery of pre-sold houses will be channeled to specific projects as quickly as possible. Commercial banks will be incentivized to issue new loans for the delivery of pre-sold houses. Project construction and delivery will be advanced at a faster pace, and efforts will be made to improve debt-to-asset ratio of the real estate sector, in order to boost the healthy development of the housing market.”
Fourth, ensure smooth transportation and logistics
Fifth, increase financial support for the real economy.
“Banks will be guided to offer concessional rates as appropriate regarding the existing inclusive loans made to micro and small businesses. Financial services will continue to be provided to the transportation and logistics sector. Intensified support will be given to private enterprises in issuing bonds. Monetary policy tools such as required reserve ratio cuts could be used when needed and as appropriate to keep liquidity reasonably ample.”
Sixth, step up supervision and services
The State Council will be sending working groups to different localities to supervise the implementation of its package of measures.
Next, there’s a feature article on building China’s intellectual property power. Some useful data in the article:
“Over the past 10 years, China has cumulatively authorised 3.953 million invention patents and registered 35.563 million trademarks. As of September 2022, the effective number of invention patents in China was at 4.081 million. The country’s ranking in the Global Innovation Index Report has risen from 34th in 2012 to 11th in 2022.” 10年来，我国累计授权发明专利395.3万件，累计注册商标3556.3万件。截至2022年9月，我国发明专利有效量为408.1万件。我国在全球创新指数报告中的排名由2012年的第三十四位，上升到2022年的第十一位，连续10年稳步提升.
“Over the past 10 years, China's scientific and technological innovation ability and comprehensive strength in regard to intellectual property rights have been significantly improved. The quantity and quality of effective invention patents have risen simultaneously; the dominant position of enterprises in innovation has been further consolidated; and intellectual property rights have become a powerful factor in encouraging innovation and creation in the whole society. In the past 10 years, China's authorised invention patents have increased by 13.8% annually. Effective invention patents in strategic emerging industries accounted for more than 30% of China's total, and the effective number of invention patents with a service life of more than 10 years has reached 395,000. By July 2022, there were 326,000 enterprises with valid invention patents, with 2.086 million valid invention patents.” 非凡十年，我国科技创新能力和知识产权综合实力显著提升，有效发明专利实现量质齐升，企业创新主体地位进一步巩固，知识产权激励全社会创新创造更加有力。10年来，我国授权发明专利年均增长13.8%；战略性新兴产业有效发明专利占国内总量的比重超过三成，维持年限超过10年的发明专利有效量达到39.5万件；截至2022年7月，国内拥有有效发明专利的企业达到32.6万家，拥有有效发明专利208.6万件.
The piece talks about the legal changes to boost IPR protection, and says that satisfaction with IPR protection in China has increased from 63.69 points in 2012 to 80.61 points in 2021. It adds that strengthening the IPR protection system is “the biggest incentive to improve China's economic competitiveness.” 加强知识产权保护是完善产权保护制度最重要的内容，也是提高我国经济竞争力最大的激励.
“As of September 2022, the high-value invention patent review cycle in China has been reduced to 13 months; the average invention patent review cycle has been reduced to 16.5 months; and the average trademark registration review cycle has remained stable at 4 months. The State Intellectual Property Office has set up 96 protection centres and rapid rights protection centres across 27 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, with a total of 1,300 organisations providing assistance to rights protection.” 截至2022年9月，我国高价值发明专利审查周期压减至13个月，发明专利平均审查周期压减至16.5个月，商标注册平均审查周期稳定在4个月。国家知识产权局已在27个省（区、市）布局建设96家保护中心和快速维权中心，维权援助机构总数达到1300余家.
“Over the past 10 years, the amount of patent and trademark pledge financing in China has accumulated to 1.3 trillion yuan, with an average annual increase of 27.2%. The total import and export of intellectual property royalties totaled 2.19 trillion yuan, with an average annual increase of 13.7%. In 2021, the number of patent transfer licences nationwide was 422,000, 4.8 times that of 2012. By September 2022, 41.523 million valid trademarks had been registered in China, and a total of 2,495 geographical indication products had been approved.” 10年来，我国专利商标质押融资金额累计达1.3万亿元，年均增长27.2%；知识产权使用费进出口总额累计2.19万亿元，年均增长13.7%；2021年，全国专利转让许可次数42.2万次，是2012年的4.8倍；截至2022年9月，我国有效商标注册4152.3万件，累计批准地理标志产品2495个.
Finally, it’s interesting that there’s a front page commentary on the fire in Kaixinda Trading Co in Anyang city, Henan Province. Xi Jinping had issued instructions in this regard earlier this week. Why I am noting this as interesting is that the COVID situation and the unrest at the Foxconn plant do not seem to find front page space in the paper but this local workplace accident has found space.
Anyway, the PD the article reiterates Xi’s instructions but also says that: “Ensuring safe production, maintaining social stability, and ensuring that people enjoy peace and contentment in their lives and work are important responsibilities that Party committees and governments at all levels must bear.” 确保安全生产、维护社会安定、保障人民群众安居乐业，是各级党委和政府必须承担好的重要责任.
The article also calls for keeping a close eye on “high-risk industries such as mining, chemical engineering, transportation, construction, fire fighting, fishing boats and gas” and “identifying and rectifying major hidden dangers.” 要全面排查整治各类风险隐患，盯紧看牢矿山、危化、交通、建筑、消防、渔船、燃气等高危行业领域重大风险，重大隐患拉出单子、盯住整改，重大危险源落实包保责任，推动安全生产关口前移.
Page 2: There’s a 仲音 commentary on the page, calling for the implementation of the four earlys to deal with the COVID outbreaks. The piece says:
“In the past three years, we have withstood successive waves of COVID-19. One of the most important reasons is that we have responded quickly and effectively to local clusters of COVID-19 and strengthened our defense against the epidemic. In the fight against the virus, our emergency response system, treatment system, public participation and joint prevention and control mechanism have gained fundamental experience. To race against the virus is to race against time. The faster you run, the more you can grasp the initiative to fight against the epidemic. The earlier an outbreak is detected, the clearer the chain of transmission will be, and the more effective epidemic prevention and control will be. By focusing on prevention, early detection, early reporting, early isolation and early treatment, resolutely and decisively cutting off transmission routes, and effectively protecting vulnerable populations, we can ensure timely and effective control of the epidemic.” 近3年来，我们顶住了一轮又一轮疫情冲击，很重要的一个原因，就在于我们快速有效处置局部地区聚集性疫情，扎牢扎紧疫情防控防线。与新冠肺炎病毒作斗争，我们的应急体系、救治体系、民众参与、联防联控机制已经形成了一个最基本的经验，就是以快制快。与病毒赛跑，就是与时间竞速，跑得越快，就越能掌握战疫主动权。疫情发现得越早，传播链条就越清楚，疫情防控就越能事半功倍。立足于防、立足于早、立足于快，严格做到早发现、早报告、早隔离、早治疗，坚决果断切断传播途径，有效保护好易感人群，我们完全能够及时有效控制疫情. — None of this sounds like there’s going to be any opening or exiting dynamic clearing anytime soon.
The next paragraph says “the key to dynamic clearing is to be fast and precise. In the early stages of identifying an outbreak, it is important to seize the opportunities of epidemic prevention and control, i.e., timely detection and control of those infected, accurate identification and control of close contacts, timely and accurate delineation and publication of risk areas. It is necessary to earnestly implement the requirements of ‘four earlys’, speed up the control, reduce the scale of epidemic situation and the time to deal with it, and prevent the duration and geographic areas of the outbreak. It is necessary to further improve multi-channel monitoring and early warning and multi-point trigger mechanisms for the epidemic, carry out ‘landing inspections’ for cross-provincial migrant workers, and promptly receive and treat those who are found to be infected, promptly manage and control those who are identified as close contacts… It is necessary to standardise nucleic acid detection, centralised isolation, home isolation and health monitoring, accurately determine the risk areas and infected people, rectify ‘layer by layer/incremental measures’ and ‘one-size-fits-all’ approaches, and reduce the inconvenience caused by the epidemic.” 动态清零的关键就是快速精准。在疫情发现初期，及时发现管控社会面的感染者、准确判定管控密切接触者、及时精确划定并公布风险区，这些都是抢占疫情防控先机的关键。要切实落实“四早”要求，以快制快，减少疫情规模和处置时间，避免战线扩大、时间延长。要进一步健全疫情多渠道监测预警和多点触发机制，面向跨省流动人员开展“落地检”，发现阳性感染者第一时间收治，判定的密接人员及时管控，快检、快转、快隔、快解。要规范核酸检测、集中隔离、居家隔离和健康监测，精准判定风险区域和感染人员，整治“层层加码”“一刀切”，减少因疫情给群众带来的不便.
The next paragraph adds that pandemic control is arduous work, but it is important to “resolutely overcome problems such as lack of understanding, insufficient preparation, and insufficient effort; challenges such as contempt, indifference, and self-righteousness/sense of infallibility; and paralysis, war weariness, laxity and fluke mentality.” 面对新一轮疫情冲击，我们必须坚决克服认识不足、准备不足、工作不足等问题，坚决克服轻视、无所谓、自以为是等错误认识，坚决克服麻痹思想、厌战情绪、侥幸心理、松劲心态.
There are two other COVID-related stories on the page. The first is about the situation in Guangdong and the construction of new makeshift hospital facilities in the city of Guangzhou. The story tells us that as of November 21, Guangzhou is planning to set up 348,373 beds in makeshift hospitals. As of November 22, a total of 19 facilities, with nearly 70,000 beds have been set up. 截至21日，广州市共规划建设方舱医院床位和隔离板房床位348373床，眼下建设进展顺利；至22日全市已启用19个方舱医院，开放床位近7万张...The other piece is about the efforts being made in Lanzhou city in Gansu province to limit the impact of containment policies on the functioning of enterprises.
Page 3: There’s a report on Wei Fenghe’s comments at the 9th ASEAN Defense Ministers' Meeting Plus meeting. Xinhua reports:
“Wei said the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), which has recently successfully closed, drew up a grand blueprint for building a great modern socialist country in all respects. He added that under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, China will strive to promote Chinese modernization, and the goal of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation will surely be realized. Wei said that at present, world peace and development are facing major challenges, and that building a community with a shared future for mankind is the right choice as the globe's future lies with it. He said all countries should unite rather than split, and should be fair rather than overbearing, open rather than closed, and mutually beneficial rather than self-interested, in order to build a regional order that addresses the concerns and meets the interests of all parties. Wei said that China has always been committed to strengthening stability and providing positive energy to the world. He added that China's peaceful development will surely provide new opportunities for global common development, and play a constructive role in maintaining world peace and stability. The Chinese military is a force for peace, and is willing to continue to contribute to world peace together with the militaries of other countries, Wei said, adding that China does not covet the interests of other countries, but it stands rock-firm in defending its own interests. The Chinese military is confident in and capable of defeating all invading enemies, he said. Pointing out that the security situation in the Asia-Pacific region remains stable, but with worrying factors, Wei said the defense departments of various countries should maintain ASEAN centrality, implement the Global Security Initiative, seek to focus on practical cooperation, and work together to build a strong regional security barrier.”
Wei’s bilateral meetings included engagements with the defense chiefs of the United States, Vietnam, Laos, Australia, New Zealand and South Korea, as well as with Russia's deputy defense minister.
There’s a short note on Cuba’s Miguel Mario Díaz-Canel beginning his state visit to China. Also, there’s a one-line report on Zhou Qiang, President of the Supreme People's Court, holding a video meeting with the chief justice of Papua New Guinea. There are no details on the discussion.
Next, there’s a report on China and Japan holding the 14th round of high-level consultations on maritime affairs. The report says that:
“China reiterated its position on the East China Sea, Diaoyu Islands and South China Sea issues, urging the Japanese side to respect China’s territorial sovereignty and security concerns, stop all acts that infringe on China’s sovereignty, stop taking actions that lead to complications and avoid affecting the stability of the situation at sea. China expressed its strong dissatisfaction with the recent negative remarks and erroneous practices of the Japanese side on the Taiwan Strait issue, stressing that the Taiwan issue involves the political foundation and basic trust of Sino-Japanese relations, and called on the Japanese side to make sure to keep its word and deal with it properly. China once again expressed concern over Japan’s plan to discharge nuclear-contaminated water into the sea and urged Japan to handle the Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water issue with prudence.” 中方重申了在东海、钓鱼岛及南海问题上的立场，敦促日方尊重中国领土主权和安全关切，停止一切侵犯中方主权的行径，停止采取导致局势复杂化的行动，避免影响海上局势稳定。中方对近期日方在台海问题上的消极言论和错误做法表达强烈不满，强调台湾问题涉及中日关系政治基础和基本信义，要求日方务必重信守诺，妥善处之。中方再次对日本向海洋排放核污染水计划表达关切，敦促日方审慎处理福岛核污染水问题.
Apart from this, there were six points of consensus that the two sides reached:
They “positively evaluated” the operation of the air and sea liaison mechanism between their respective defence departments, and the “important progress” made in the matter of opening a direct telephone line, and confirmed that this process to “establish and activity” a phone line would be accelerated.
Both countries’ coast guards would be willing to further cooperate in combating cross-border crimes at sea. They agreed to continue to promote exchanges between maritime law enforcement officers and maritime police academy students, and strengthen cooperation under the multilateral maritime law enforcement cooperation mechanism.
They agreed to cooperate on maritime search and rescue
They said that they would actively carry out bilateral and multilateral cooperation in dealing with marine plastic waste, and successfully hold the fourth meeting of the China-Japan expert dialogue forum on marine waste cooperation and the fourth Sino-Japanese marine waste seminar in 2023.
They agreed to “jointly crack down on illegal fishing and cooperate in the conservation of fishery resources and eel resources in the North Pacific Ocean.” They also agreed to solve existing problems through negotiation and consultation and “strive to restart” the Sino-Japanese Fisheries Commission as soon as possible, and fully implement the Sino-Japanese Fisheries Agreement.
They also exchanged views on cooperation in marine scientific research and the development of innovative technologies in the blue economy.
一、双方积极评价中日防务部门海空联络机制运行情况，及开通直通电话事宜取得的重要进展，确认加快后续工作，尽早建成并启用电话。双方同意继续开展防务领域交流。二、中国海警局与日本海上保安厅愿进一步合作打击海上跨境犯罪，继续推进海上执法人员、海警院校学员交流，加强在多边海上执法合作机制下的合作。三、中国海上搜救中心与日本海上保安厅将继续在《中日海上搜救协定》框架下，深化海上搜救领域务实合作。双方回顾了今年两国地方海上搜救部门举行的通信演习，确认进一步加强合作。四、双方同意积极开展应对海洋塑料垃圾的双多边合作，办好2023年中日海洋垃圾合作专家对话平台第四次会议和第四届中日海洋垃圾研讨会。五、双方同意继续共同打击非法捕鱼，开展北太平洋渔业资源养护、鳗鱼资源保护等方面合作。同意通过谈判磋商解决渔业领域存在的问题，争取尽快重启中日渔委会，全面落实《中日渔业协定》。六、双方就开展海洋科研、发展蓝色经济创新技术等领域合作交换了意见。同意继续加强对口部门交流对接，增进了解和互信。
Finally, there’s a report on the completion of the “Development of National ICT Infra-Network for Bangladesh Government Phase-III (Info-Sarker Phase-3)” project in Dhaka. This was carried out by the Bangladesh government in collaboration with the Chinese government and companies. Xinhua says: “This project started in 2017 with the aim of providing high-speed internet services to marginal rural towns (unions) of the country. The project, jointly funded by the governments of China and Bangladesh, is providing high-speed broadband internet connectivity to 2,600 unions of the country.”
More on this project from this Global Times report:
“The project will cover 62 percent of the country's area and population, and extend the ‘information superhighway’ from the capital to most parts of the country, benefiting about 100 million people…It is also one of the high-quality cooperation projects between China and Bangladesh under the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), focusing on realizing ‘Digital Bangladesh’. The project uses concessional loans from the Export-Import Bank of China. The main contractor is China Railway International Group Co (CRIG), and the main subcontractor is Huawei Technologies Co. Phase-3 has a contract value of $169.6 million, according to Xinhua.”
Page 6: Today’s big post-20th Congress article is by Guo Shengkun, discussing the modernisation of the national security system and capabilities. He begins by saying that:
“We must study and implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress as the primary political task, take Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as the guide; deeply understand the decisive significance of the Two Establishments, strengthen the four consciousnesses and the four self-confidences, and achieve the Two Safeguards; unswervingly implement the comprehensive national security concept, and strive to promote the modernisation of the national security system and capabilities, ensure the national security and social stability through the whole process of all aspects of the work of the Party and the country, and make new and greater contributions to building a modern socialist country in all respects and promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.” 我们要把学习贯彻党的二十大精神作为首要政治任务，以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，坚定不移贯彻总体国家安全观，着力推进国家安全体系和能力现代化，把维护国家安全贯穿党和国家工作各方面全过程，确保国家安全和社会稳定，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家、全面推进中华民族伟大复兴作出新的更大贡献.
In the first section, he makes three points about why the modernisation of the national security system and capabilities is important. The preamble to the three points is as follows: “China's development is faced with new strategic opportunities, new strategic tasks, new strategic stages, new strategic requirements and new strategic environment, and the risks and challenges to be met, contradictions and problems to be solved are more complicated than before.” 我国发展面临新的战略机遇、新的战略任务、新的战略阶段、新的战略要求、新的战略环境，需要应对的风险和挑战、需要解决的矛盾和问题比以往更加错综复杂...
First, the modernisation of the national security system and capabilities is an inevitable requirement for preventing and defusing risks and challenges and providing a strong guarantee for the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country. National security is the foundation of national rejuvenation, and social stability is the prerequisite for national prosperity. 推进国家安全体系和能力现代化，是防范化解风险挑战、为全面建设社会主义现代化国家提供有力保障的必然要求。国家安全是民族复兴的根基，社会稳定是国家强盛的前提. The key argument for this is that China has entered a period “in which strategic opportunities, risks and challenges coexist, and uncertainty and unpredictability are on the rise. All kinds of black swan and grey rhinoceros incidents may occur at any time. The risks and challenges that we are facing are becoming increasingly complex, so we must strengthen our sense of urgency and prepare for the great test of high winds and even turbulent storms. Only by adhering to the bottom-line thinking, being prepared for danger in times of peace, taking precautions, carrying forward the spirit of struggle, enhancing fighting skills, accurately grasping the new changes and trends in the national security situation, and making efforts to promote the modernisation of the national security system and capabilities, can we effectively prevent and resolve major security risks and provide a strong security guarantee for building a modern socialist country in an all respects and promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in an all-round way.” 我国发展进入战略机遇和风险挑战并存、不确定难预料因素增多的时期，各种“黑天鹅”、“灰犀牛”事件随时可能发生，我们面临的风险考验越来越复杂，必须增强忧患意识，准备经受风高浪急甚至惊涛骇浪的重大考验。只有坚持底线思维、居安思危、未雨绸缪，发扬斗争精神，增强斗争本领，准确把握国家安全形势新变化新趋势，着力推进国家安全体系和能力现代化，才能有效防范化解重大安全风险，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家、全面推进中华民族伟大复兴提供坚强安全保障.
Second, the modernisation of the national security system and capabilities is an inevitable requirement for advancing the modernisation of the national governance system and governance capabilities. In this, he argues that “at present, China’s development has reached a new historical stage, and there are many new tasks facing national governance, which have led to new and higher requirements for the national security system and capabilities. Only by taking reform and innovation as the driving force and striving to improve the national security system with a complete system, scientific norms, and effective operation, can we ensure that the national security system and capabilities can adapt to the modernisation process of the national governance system and governance capabilities.” 当前，我国发展处于新的历史方位，国家治理面临许多新任务，对国家安全体系和能力提出新的更高要求。只有以改革创新为动力，着力完善系统完备、科学规范、运行有效的国家安全制度体系，才能确保国家安全体系和能力同国家治理体系和治理能力现代化进程相适应.
Third, the modernisation of the national security system and capabilities is an inevitable requirement for building a higher level of peaceful China and meeting the growing security needs of the people. 推进国家安全体系和能力现代化，是建设更高水平的平安中国、满足人民群众日益增长的安全需要的必然要求。
In the second section, Guo makes 12 points that are key to ensure the modernisation of the national security system and capabilities.
First, adhere to the absolute leadership of the Party. This is the “highest principle and fundamental guarantee” for modernising the national security system and capabilities. Guo writes:
“Since the 18th Party Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping has attached great importance to national security work, highlighted that ensuring national security is the top priority, personally served as the chairman of the Central National Security Commission, made strategic plans and comprehensive arrangements for national security, safeguarded national sovereignty, security and development interests through extraordinary political wisdom, extraordinary art of struggle and firm will, and promoted the continuous improvement of national security leadership system, rule of law system, strategic system and policy system. National security has been comprehensively strengthened, and it has withstood the test of risks and challenges from politics, economy, ideology, nature and other aspects, providing a strong guarantee for the prosperity and long-term stability of the party and the country. Practice has fully proved that it is precisely because the General Secretary Xi Jinping has been at the helm - as the core of the CPC Central Committee and the core of the whole party - that the cause of safeguarding national security has been supported by the most reliable backbone.” 党的十八大以来，总书记高度重视国家安全工作，突出强调保证国家安全是头等大事，亲自担任中央国家安全委员会主席，对国家安全作出战略擘画、全面部署，以超凡的政治智慧、非凡的斗争艺术、坚定的意志品质维护国家主权、安全、发展利益，推动国家安全领导体制和法治体系、战略体系、政策体系不断完善，国家安全得到全面加强，经受住了来自政治、经济、意识形态、自然界等方面的风险挑战考验，为党和国家兴旺发达、长治久安提供了有力保证。实践充分证明，正是因为有了总书记作为党中央的核心、全党的核心领航掌舵，维护国家安全才有了最可靠的主心骨.
Second, “ultimately national security work is to safeguard the interests of the people, and the people are the basic force to safeguard national security. To promote the modernisation of the national security system and capabilities, we must uphold national security, do everything for the people and rely on the people, always put the protection of people's safety in the most important position, give full play to the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of the broad masses of the people, and gather powerful forces to safeguard national security.” 这场历史大考充分彰显了国家安全工作归根结底是保障人民利益，人民是维护国家安全的基础性力量。推进国家安全体系和能力现代化，要坚持国家安全一切为了人民、一切依靠人民，始终把保护人民安全放在最重要的位置，充分发挥广大人民群众积极性、主动性、创造性，汇聚起维护国家安全的强大力量. — The example he cites in this regard is China’s COVID containment policies.
Third, take political security as the foundation of national security work. “The most fundamental thing” when it comes to political security “is to safeguard the Communist Party of China’s leadership and ruling position and the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics.”维护政治安全，最根本的就是维护中国共产党的领导和执政地位、维护中国特色社会主义制度。“To promote the modernisation of the national security system and capabilities, we must adhere to placing political security in the primary/top position, improve the political security work system, improve the ability and level of preventing and defusing political security risks, and realise the organic unity of political security, people's security and national interests.” 推进国家安全体系和能力现代化，要坚持把政治安全放在首要位置，完善政治安全工作体系，提高防范化解政治安全风险的能力和水平，实现政治安全、人民安全、国家利益至上有机统一。
Fourth, “development is the top priority of our party in governing and rejuvenating the country, and it is the foundation and key to solving all problems in our country. Only by promoting sustained and healthy economic development can we build a solid material foundation for people to live and work in peace and with contentment, ensure social stability and order, and maintain long-term stability of the country…To promote the modernisation of the national security system and capabilities, we should strengthen the early warning system with regard to economic security risks, prevention and control mechanisms and capacity building, realise the security of important industries, infrastructure, strategic resources, major science and technology and other key areas under control, continuously enhance the economic strength, scientific and technological strength and comprehensive national strength, and use the development achievements to consolidate the strength foundation of national security.” 发展是我们党执政兴国的第一要务，是解决我国一切问题的基础和关键。只有推动经济持续健康发展，才能筑牢人民安居乐业、社会安定有序、国家长治久安的物质基础...推进国家安全体系和能力现代化，要加强经济安全风险预警、防控机制和能力建设，实现重要产业、基础设施、战略资源、重大科技等关键领域安全可控，不断增强经济实力、科技实力、综合国力，运用发展成果夯实国家安全的实力基础.
Fifth, guarantee military, technological, cultural, and social security. He says that “we must actively adapt to the new situation and new problems faced in the military, science and technology, culture and social fields, follow the characteristics and laws of different fields, establish and improve various countermeasures to strengthen the foundation, and provide hard and soft power to safeguard national security.” 推进国家安全体系和能力现代化，要积极适应军事、科技、文化、社会领域面临的新情况新问题，遵循不同领域的特点规律，建立完善强基固本、化险为夷的各项对策措施，为维护国家安全提供硬实力和软实力保障.
Sixth, promote international security. “In the era of economic globalisation, the security of all countries is interrelated and affects each other, and no country can achieve its own security without international security. To promote the modernisation of the national security system and capabilities, we should promote the establishment of a common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable international security concept, strengthen international security cooperation, jointly build a universally secure community of shared future for mankind, and actively create a good external security environment for China’s modernisation.” 经济全球化时代，各国安全相互关联、彼此影响，没有一个国家能实现脱离国际安全的自身安全。推进国家安全体系和能力现代化，要推动树立共同、综合、合作、可持续的全球安全观，加强国际安全合作，共同构建普遍安全的人类命运共同体，积极营造我国现代化建设的良好外部安全环境.
Seventh, “coordinate external security and internal security, homeland security and national security, traditional security and non-traditional security, self-security and common security.” 统筹外部安全和内部安全、国土安全和国民安全、传统安全和非传统安全、自身安全和共同安全.
Eighth, maintain and shape national security. Basically, in this, he is arguing that it is important to “constantly shape an overall favourable strategic situation for national security” in order to “firmly hold the strategic initiative to maintain national security in our own hands.” 不断塑造总体有利的国家安全战略态势，把维护国家安全的战略主动权牢牢掌握在自己手中.
Ninth, consolidate the grassroots foundation of national security and social stability.
Tenth, improve the mechanism for participating in global security governance. “We should focus on promoting the development of global security governance system in a more just and reasonable direction, hold high the banner of cooperation, innovation, rule of law and win-win, constantly improve the mechanism for participating in international and regional security cooperation, promote the construction of new mechanisms and rules for security governance in relevant fields, and contribute wisdom and strength to global security governance.” 推进国家安全体系和能力现代化，要着眼推动全球安全治理体系朝着更加公正合理的方向发展，高举合作、创新、法治、共赢的旗帜，不断完善参与国际和区域安全合作的机制，推动建设有关领域安全治理新机制新规则，为全球安全治理贡献智慧和力量.
Eleventh, build a higher level of Peaceful China.
Twelfth, “accelerating the construction of a new development pattern with the domestic cycle as the main body and the domestic and international dual cycles promoting each other is a major decision made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core. It is a major strategic task related to the overall development of our country. Firmly holding on to the bottom line of secure development is an important prerequisite and guarantee for building the new development pattern. In order to promote the modernisation of the national security system and capabilities, it is necessary to make overall plans to maintain the various factors of national security, various fields, resources from all parties and various means, accelerate the construction of a new security pattern that is compatible with the new development pattern, and ensure high-quality development with high-level security.” 加快构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局，是以习近平同志为核心的党中央审时度势作出的重大决策，是一项关系我国发展全局的重大战略任务。牢牢守住安全发展这条底线，是构建新发展格局的重要前提和保障。推进国家安全体系和能力现代化，要统筹维护国家安全各类要素、各个领域、各方资源、各种手段，加快构建与新发展格局相适应的新安全格局，打好维护国家安全总体战，以高水平安全保障高质量发展.
In the final section, Guo makes four points:
First, he calls for adhering to the systems concept and strengthening forward-looking thinking and overall planning. He says that it is important to “adhere to the centralised and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee on national security work, unswervingly implement the system of responsibility of the Chairman of the Central National Security Commission…” He further adds:
“Strengthen the coordination mechanism with regard to national security work, improve the coordination and command system for important special projects, and improve the national security review and supervision system, crisis management and control mechanism and other institutional mechanisms. It is necessary to improve the rule of law, strategy, policy, risk monitoring and early warning, and the national emergency management system. Strengthen the legal guarantee for national security, actively promote legislation in important areas, and improve the national security legal system with Chinese characteristics. Accelerate the strategic deployment of foreign-related rule of law work, and improve the anti-sanctions, anti-interference, and anti-"long-arm jurisdiction" mechanisms. Thoroughly implement the Outline of National Security Strategy, and strengthen the construction of security systems for domains like the economy, major infrastructure work, finance, cyberspace, data, biology, resources, nuclear, space and oceans. Improve the layout of national security forces, and build an all-domain linked, three-dimensional and efficient national security protection system.” 强化国家安全工作协调机制，完善重要专项协调指挥体系，健全国家安全审查和监管制度、危机管控机制等制度机制。要完善法治、战略、政策、风险监测预警和国家应急管理体系。加强国家安全法治保障，积极推进重要领域立法，完善中国特色国家安全法律体系。加快涉外法治工作战略布局，健全反制裁、反干涉、反“长臂管辖”机制。深入实施《国家安全战略纲要》，强化经济、重大基础设施、金融、网络、数据、生物、资源、核、太空、海洋等安全保障体系建设。完善国家安全力量布局，构建全域联动、立体高效的国家安全防护体系。
Second, enhance national security capabilities.
“We must resolutely maintain political security. Strictly guard against and severely crack down on infiltration, sabotage, subversion, and separatist activities by hostile forces, carry out the anti-terrorist struggle in depth, resolutely win the ideological struggle in the cyberspace, and resolutely safeguard the security of state power, system, and ideology. It is necessary to strengthen security capabilities in key areas. Ensure the security of supply chains related to food, energy resources and important industrial chains, strengthen overseas security capacity building, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese citizens and legal persons overseas, safeguard maritime rights and interests, and resolutely defend national sovereignty, security, and development interests. Improve the ability to prevent and resolve major risks, and strictly guard against systemic security risks. It is necessary to improve the national security awareness and ability of cadres and the masses. Taking the implementation of national security leadership responsibilities and work responsibilities as the starting point, comprehensively strengthen national security education, and promote leading cadres at all levels to more consciously coordinate the two major issues of development and security…Strengthen the party building on the national security front, adhere to the party's political construction as the guide, and forge a loyal, pure and reliable national security cadre team. Strengthen the national security awareness and quality of the whole people, and build a solid national security people's defence line.” 要坚决维护政治安全。严密防范严厉打击敌对势力渗透、破坏、颠覆、分裂活动，深入开展反恐怖斗争，坚决打赢网络意识形态斗争，坚定维护国家政权安全、制度安全、意识形态安全。要加强重点领域安全能力建设。确保粮食、能源资源、重要产业链供应链安全，加强海外安全保障能力建设，维护我国公民、法人在海外合法权益，维护海洋权益，坚定捍卫国家主权、安全、发展利益。提高防范化解重大风险能力，严密防范系统性安全风险。要提高干部群众国家安全意识和能力。以落实国家安全领导责任和工作责任为抓手，全面加强国家安全教育，推动各级领导干部更加自觉地统筹发展和安全两件大事，做到守土有责、守土负责、守土尽责。加强国家安全战线党的建设，坚持以党的政治建设为统领，锻造忠诚纯洁可靠的国家安全干部队伍。增强全民国家安全意识和素养，筑牢国家安全人民防线.
Third, improve the public security system based on safety first and prevention first. In this context, he also talks about improving biosafety supervision, early warning, and prevention and control systems in order to comprehensively improve the national biosafety governance capacity. In addition, he talks about strengthening personal information protection to ensure data security and disaster prevention, mitigation and relief capabilities.
Fourth, improve the social governance system. In this, he discusses the Fengqiao Experience, dispute resolution, dealing with organised crime and gang-related crimes along with things like telecommunications fraud, gambling, pornography, drugs, etc.