Xi's Discourses on 'Three Rural Issues' - Li Zhanshu Pitches GSI to CSTO - China's Tech Decade - Zhong Sheng on US' 'Black Prisons' - Patriotic Education & Building World Class Chinese Universities
Xi's Discourses on 'Three Rural Issues' - Li Zhanshu Pitches GSI to CSTO - China's Tech Decade - Zhong Sheng on US' 'Black Prisons' - Patriotic Education & Building World Class Chinese Universities
Here are the stories and pieces that I found noteworthy in the Tuesday, June 7, 2022, edition of the People’s Daily.
Note: I’ll be taking a break from the newsletter tomorrow owing to other commitments.
Page 1: First, among the lead stories on the page is a report (English report) about a new book on Xi’s discourses on the work related to the three rural issues: agriculture, rural areas and farmers agriculture, rural areas and farmers has been published by the Central Party Literature Press. The book comprises 61 discourses from Xi on rural work from December 2012 to April 2022.
“Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping at the core has taken such issues as the top priority, historically solved the problem of absolute poverty, implemented the rural vitalization strategy, and promoted historic achievements and changes in agriculture and rural areas, noted the statement. Xi has always viewed work concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers from a broader historical perspective and made a series of important discourses on the topic. He has answered a series of major theoretical and practical questions, providing an action plan and fundamental guidance for work in the sector, according to the statement. As an important part of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, Xi's discourses on work concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers serve as important guidance to promoting the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, building China into a great modern socialist country in all respects, and realizing the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation.”
Let me point out here that the introduction from the book is published on Page 2, taking up nearly all of the page.
The other leading story on the page is the Fujian chapter in the series on following Xi’s footprints.
Next, there’s a report informing us that as per the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, as of June 6, 167 million mu of winter wheat had been harvested across the country. That’s around 55% of the total expected harvest.
Fourth, a report (English report) on Li Zhanshu’s speech at the Parliamentary Assembly of the CSTO. Li talks about the world going through profound changes unseen in a century. He says that “unilateralism, hegemonism and power politics are on the rise.”
He then says that at the BOAO Forum recently Xi had talked about mankind being an “indivisible security community” and put forward the Global Security Initiative. He says that China calls for “taking the concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security as the guideline, mutual respect as the basic principle, indivisibility of security as the important principle, and building a security community as the long-term goal, so as to embark on a new security path of dialogue without confrontation, partnership without alliance and win-win rather than zero sum. The Global Security Initiative, proposed by China, aims to respond to the urgent needs of the international community to maintain world peace and prevent conflicts and wars, and provide a new direction for eliminating the root causes of international conflicts, addressing international security challenges, and achieving world peace and development.” Li welcomed the CSTO’s participation in the GSI. 栗战书指出，前不久，习近平主席在博鳌亚洲论坛年会开幕式上郑重提出全球安全倡议，系统阐述了中方促进世界安危与共、维护世界和平安宁的立场主张，强调人类是不可分割的安全共同体。中方倡导以共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观为理念指引，以相互尊重为基本遵循，以安全不可分割为重要原则，以构建安全共同体为长远目标，走出一条对话而不对抗、结伴而不结盟、共赢而非零和的新型安全之路。中方提出全球安全倡议，目的是回应国际社会维护世界和平、防止冲突战争的迫切需要，为消弭国际冲突根源、应对国际安全挑战、实现世界和平发展提供了新方向，欢迎包括集体安全条约组织成员国在内的国际社会广泛共同参与.
Fifth, a report (English report) on Wang Yang’s meeting with Tan Chuan-Jin, speaker of the parliament of Singapore. Wang said that:
“the China-Singapore ties feature geographical proximity, shared benefits, close cultural links and people-to-people affinity. Wang said that major consensuses reached by the two countries' leaders on the development of bilateral relations should be a guide for both countries to seek greater synergy in their development strategies, and deepen practical cooperation in such areas as digital economy and green economy. He also called for joint efforts to advance high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, and to promote the China-Singapore all-round cooperative partnership to a new level. The CPPCC National Committee is ready to strengthen communication with the Singaporean Parliament to help achieve new progress in bilateral relations.”
Page 2: Apart from the introduction to the new Xi book, there’s a report drawing from a press briefing yesterday about China’s science and tech progress and its growth as an innovative economy. Minister of Science and Technology Wang Zhigang said that
In the past ten years, China has embarked on a development path focussed on strong talents and technology to strong industry, economy and country.
R&D investment of the whole society has increased from 1.03 trillion yuan in 2012 to 2.79 trillion yuan in 2021
R&D investment as a percentage of GDP has increased from 1.91% to 2.44%;
in the Global Innovation Index ranking, China has risen from 34th place in 2012 to 12th place as of 2021.
He then talked about the four dimensions of China’s science and technology development over the past four years.
New and original achievements with international influence in quantum information, stem cells and brain science.
Upgrading industry with high-quality scientific and technological changes, ensuring the safety and stability of the industrial chain and supply chain. Breakthroughs in emerging technologies such as supercomputing, artificial intelligence, big data, blockchain, etc., accelerating their application, promoting the vigorous development of new industries and formats, such as the digital economy.
Speeding up key core technology research, making up for shortcomings and strengthening capabilities in strategic areas, and supporting the smooth implementation of a number of major projects such as Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and Sichuan-Tibet railway; Clean and efficient utilisation of deep-sea energy resources, and development of new nuclear power technologies to provide a strong guarantee for national energy security.
Taking care of concerns related to people’s lives and health. This covers pandemic control, vaccines, drugs, tests for detection, etc. Developing innovative drugs, domestic high-end medical devices and advanced diagnosis and treatment technologies. Also, this covers a focus on arable land and seeds to tackle key problems and ensure national food security.
十年来，科技创新坚持“四个面向”，形成了支撑发展和保障安全的科技创新发展新的战略格局。面向世界科技前沿，坚持目标导向和自由探索两条腿走路，在量子信息、干细胞、脑科学等方面取得了一批具有国际影响力的原创成果。面向经济主战场，以高质量的科技供给带动产业迈向中高端，保障产业链供应链安全稳定；超级计算、人工智能、大数据、区块链等新兴技术加快应用，推动数字经济等新产业新业态蓬勃发展。面向国家重大需求，加快关键核心技术攻关，在战略必争领域补短板、强能力，支撑港珠澳大桥、川藏铁路等一批重大工程建设顺利实施；深海油气、煤炭清洁高效利用，新型核电技术为国家能源安全提供了有力保障。面向人民生命健康，组织全国精锐力量开展疫情防控应急科研攻关，在疫苗、药物、检测试剂等方面取得一批科技创新成果，有力支撑新冠肺炎疫情防控；创新药物、国产高端医疗器械、先进诊疗技术让人民群众享受到更多高质量的创新成果。聚焦耕地和种子两个关键展开攻关，保障国家粮食安全。
Wang added that China has implemented an “open, inclusive, reciprocal and shared strategy for international science and technology cooperation, continuing sci-tech partnerships with 161 countries and regions.” It has intensified efforts to speed up innovation cooperation with BRI partners. Additionally, it has joined a fruitful research push globally to tackle climate change, food security and human health, among other issues”
The report adds that over the past decade, scientific and technological innovation has supported high-quality development and played an important role in enterprise growth, industrial upgrading, regional development, major projects and talent development.
First, development of emerging industries: “The application of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, blockchain and quantum communication has been accelerated, and new products and formats, such as intelligent terminals, telemedicine and online education have been cultivated. The scale of China’s digital economy ranks second in the world, and technological breakthroughs have eased some bottlenecks in China’s emerging industries. The scale of solar photovoltaics, wind power, new display, LEDs, advanced energy storage and other industries also ranks among the top in the world.
Second, upgrading of traditional industries. Under this, Wang said that a “relatively complete innovative layout of new energy vehicles in China has been formed, and its production and sales have ranked first in the world for seven consecutive years.” In addition, China has accelerated work on “efficient and clean utilisation of coal.”
Third, major projects have advanced, like the Beidou satellite system, high-speed rails and the development Shenhai Yihao (DeepSea No. 1) deep-sea semi-submersible oil production and storage platform.
Fourth, investment by enterprises in science and technology has been increasing, accounting for more than 76% of overall R&D investment. The proportion of deduction of R&D expenses of enterprises has increased from 50% in 2012 to 100% for SMEs and manufacturing enterprises. The number of high-tech enterprises in China has increased from 49,000 more than a decade ago to 330,000 in 2021, with R&D investment accounting for 70% of the national enterprise investment. The amount of tax paid has increased from 0.8 trillion yuan in 2012 to 2.3 trillion yuan in 2021. High-tech enterprises account for more than 90% of the companies listed on the Science and Technology Innovation Board of the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Beijing Stock Exchange.
Fifth, science and technology innovation has promoted regional development. Basically, Beijing, Shanghai and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area are playing the leading role in terms of regional innovation hubs. R&D investment of the three regions accounted for more than 30% of the national total. Interestingly, the piece informs that the 169 high-tech zones in the country are home to more than one-third of the country’s high-tech enterprises and account for just 9.2% of all college graduates. (I have no comparative figure to make sense of whether this is good or bad. Does anyone have any useful comparison?)
Sixth, cultivation of high-tech talents.
一是科技引领新兴产业发展。人工智能、大数据、区块链、量子通信等新兴技术加快应用，培育了智能终端、远程医疗、在线教育等新产品、新业态。我国数字经济规模居世界第二，技术突破打通了我国新兴产业的一些堵点，太阳能光伏、风电、新型显示、半导体照明、先进储能等产业规模也位居世界前列。二是科技助推传统产业升级。持续20多年“三横三纵”技术研发，形成了我国新能源汽车较为完备的创新布局，产销量连续7年位居全球首位。加快煤炭高效清洁利用研发攻关，连续15年布局研发百万千瓦级超超临界高效发电技术，供电煤耗最低可达到264克每千瓦时，处于全球先进水平。目前，该技术和示范工程已经在全国推广，占煤电总装机容量的26%。三是科技支撑重大工程建设。特高压输电工程、北斗导航卫星全球组网、复兴号高速列车投入运行，重大技术突破强力支撑重大工程建设。“深海一号”钻井平台研制成功并正式投产，标志着我国海洋石油勘探开发进入1500米超深水时代。四是科技提升企业竞争力。企业科技投入力度不断加大，占全社会研发投入比例达到76%以上，企业研发费用加计扣除比例从2012年的50%提升到目前科技型中小企业和制造业企业的100%。全国高新技术企业数量从十多年前的4.9万家，增加到2021年的33万家，研发投入占全国企业投入的70%；上交税额由2012年的0.8万亿元，增加到2021年的2.3万亿元。在上海证交所科创板、北京证交所上市的企业中，高新技术企业占比超过90%。五是科技促进区域创新发展。北京、上海、粤港澳大湾区创新引领辐射作用不断增强，三地研发投入占全国30%以上，北京、上海技术交易合同额中，分别有70%和50%输出到外地。169家高新区聚集了全国1/3以上的高新技术企业，吸纳大学毕业生就业人数占全国比重为9.2%。今年1—4月，国家高新区营业收入13.7万亿元，同比增长7.8%。六是培养高水平科技人才。高度重视人才第一资源作用，在创新实践中发现、培养、造就人才，形成了世界上规模最大的科学家和工程师队伍。广大科技工作者协力攻坚，突破了载人航天、卫星导航、深海探测等一批关键核心技术，创办了一批具有国际竞争力的科技型领军企业，为破解经济社会发展中的关键科学问题和突破瓶颈制约作出了重要贡献。
The next chunk talks about Chinese research. Zhang Yuzhuo, vice chairman with the China Association for Science and Technology, said that in the past 10 years the development of world-class scientific journals has boosted innovation confidence. The academic leadership and international influence of Chinese scientific and technological journals have been significantly enhanced. The number of Chinese scientific and technological journals included in the international key journals database has increased from 152 to 257, and the average impact factor of the included journals has increased from 1.13 to 4.42, an increase of 2.9 times. Twenty-five journals have ranked among the top 5% in the world in terms of impact factors, 20 journals rank among the top three, seven journals, such as Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, rank first, and three journals, such as Cell Research, Electrochemical Energy Reviews and Information Materials, rank among the top 100 in the world. 张玉卓介绍，我国科技期刊的学术引领力和国际影响力显著增强，国际重要期刊检索库收录我国科技期刊数量从152种增至257种，被收录期刊的刊均影响因子从1.13升至4.42，增长2.9倍。已有25种期刊的影响因子学科排名进入国际前5%，20种期刊位列学科前三，《镁合金学报》等7种期刊跻身学科第一，《细胞研究》《电化学能源评论》《信息材料》3种期刊进入全球百强。
Global Times also has an English report covering some of this, with a helpful graphic that I’m sharing below. Also SCMP’s report on this says that CAST plans to undertake a “sweeping makeover of mainland academic journals, turning them into world-class organs similar to British weekly Nature and peer-reviewed US publication Science, to raise the profile and influence of domestic scientific research…The group’s plan includes adding 50 new academic journals as part of state-backed efforts to promote Chinese academic journals around the world. ‘Our next step is to accelerate the reform of scientific and technical journals and their digital development,’ Zhang said. He indicated that the plan also aims to establish digital publishing service platforms with international standards, while publishers sharpen their focus on market competitiveness.”
Page 3: First, a report about the meeting of the BRICS finance ministers and central bank governors. The meeting ended with a joint statement. Xinhua says:
“The meeting, co-chaired by China's central bank governor Yi Gang and finance minister Liu Kun, discussed topics such as improving the Contingent Reserve Arrangement and the cooperation of transition finance and other areas. At the meeting, Yi spoke highly of the concerted efforts made by all BRICS countries in achieving positive progress in financial cooperation. The meeting called upon the international community to foster partnerships, noting that it is imperative to strengthen macro-policy coordination in driving the world economy out of the crisis and shaping a strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive post-pandemic economic recovery. It also reiterated BRICS countries' commitment to maintaining a strong and effective Global Financial Safety Net with a quota-based and adequately resourced IMF at its center, calling for the timely and successful completion of the 16th General Review of Quotas.”
Second, a report confirming Wang Yi’s attendance at the third China + Central Asia (C+C5) foreign ministers meeting in Kazakhstan.
Third, the 8th and final article in the Zhong Sheng series attacking the US on human rights issues. This one talks about “black prisons” set up in foreign countries “under the guise of fighting terrorism.” This one quotes The Cost of War Project undertaken by Brown University. It says that “after the 9.11 incident, the US overseas ‘black prison’ network involved at least 54 countries and regions, detaining hundreds of thousands of people, including Muslims, women and minors.” The article talks about Guantanamo Bay, the Abu Ghraib prisoner torture scandal and the use of so-called “enhanced interrogation methods.”
It adds that: “The independent expert group on human rights appointed by the United Nations Human Rights Council issued a statement in January this year, pointing out that in the past 20 years, the US had arbitrarily detained people in the Guantanamo Bay prison without trial and tortured and abused them, which was a violation of international human rights law and was ‘a stain on the commitment of the American government to the rule of law’. The American policy is ‘totally unacceptable’. The expert group urged the US to shut down the Guantanamo Bay prison, end this ‘ugly page of wanton human rights violations’, and at the same time compensate the victims of torture and arbitrary detention in accordance with international law, and hold the relevant personnel accountable.” 联合国人权理事会委派的人权问题独立专家组今年1月发表声明指出，20年来，美国未经审判就将人任意拘押在关塔那摩监狱，并施加酷刑或虐待的做法，违背国际人权法，是“美国政府在法治承诺上的污点”，美国的做法“是完全不能接受的”。专家组敦促美国关闭关塔那摩监狱，结束“肆意侵犯人权的丑陋一页”，同时按照国际法赔偿遭受酷刑和任意拘押的人，并追究相关人员责任.
The piece adds that in the Abu Ghraib case, low-level officials were punished while senior American officials and private military contractors were exempt from trial; US officials “deliberately destroyed 92 videotapes containing direct evidence of torture in Guantanamo”; and after the suspicious death of an individual after facing torture in the secret prison at Bagram in Afghanistan, the people involved received promotions and bonuses instead of any punishment. What the US has done is a great irony when considering its claim of being a ‘defender of human rights’.” 美国的所作所为，是对其自诩的“人权卫士”的莫大讽刺.
The next paragraph accuses the US of thwarting international investigations and censoring information at home.
“When the International Criminal Court insisted on investigating possible war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by US military and intelligence officials in Afghanistan, the US government imposed economic sanctions and entry restrictions on a number of officials, including the chief prosecutor of the ICC. The United States is used to pointing fingers at other countries’ human rights records under the pretext of lies, but gets extremely angry with the fact-based investigations conducted by international organisations against itself. This shows the hegemonic behaviour of the United States on the human rights issue to the fullest extent.” 当国际刑事法院坚持调查美国军队和情报官员在阿富汗可能犯下的战争罪和反人类罪时，美国政府竟公然对包括国际刑事法院首席检察官在内的多名官员实施经济制裁和入境限制。美国习惯于以谎言为借口、打着人权幌子对他国人权指手画脚，却对国际机构对本国开展的基于事实的调查气急败坏，将美国在人权问题上的霸道行径表现得淋漓尽致.
Fourth, there’s a piece by Shakeel Ahmad Ramay, CEO, Asian Institute of Eco-civilisation Research and Development in Islamabad. He praises China’s model of environmental protection, arguing that its experience in ecological civilisation construction is worth learning from. He writes that:
China’s “construction of ecological civilisation is not only related to ecological environmental protection, but also to economic and social development. The Communist Party of China is a pragmatic party that attaches great importance to developing the economy and improving people's living standards. In the construction of ecological civilisation, the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to the overall planning of ecological benefits and economic and social benefits…In many parts of the world, deeply impoverished areas are often also ecologically fragile areas. China has creatively combined poverty alleviation with ecological protection measures such as sand control, forest protection, and grass protection, and established ‘ecological forest rangers’. While improving the ecological environment, China has provided employment opportunities for the poor and helped them get rid of poverty. At present, Pakistan is also researching and piloting this approach in the ecologically fragile northern region to achieve a win-win situation between ecological civilization and economic and social development.” 在世界上很多地方，深度贫困区常常也是生态环境脆弱区。中国创造性地将脱贫与防沙、护林、护草等生态保护措施结合起来，设立“生态护林员”等，在改善生态环境的同时，为贫困人口提供了就业机会，帮助他们摆脱贫困。目前，巴基斯坦也在生态脆弱的北部地区研究试行这种做法，以实现生态文明与经济社会发展的双赢.
Finally, there’s a piece on the close ties between China and Cambodia. This one talks about Cambodia’s Queen mother Norodom Monineath Sihanouk’s affinity for China, particularly her personal connection and near-familial ties with Xi Jinping and Peng Liyuan. She was awarded the Friendship Medal by Xi in late 2020.
While on China-Cambodia ties, there’s this Washington Post report about the PLA building a naval facility in Cambodia for the exclusive use of its military. The report quotes unidentified “Western” officials.
“The military presence will be on the northern portion of Cambodia’s Ream Naval Base on the Gulf of Thailand, which is slated to be the site of a groundbreaking ceremony this week, according to the officials, who, like others, spoke on the condition of anonymity because of the matter’s sensitivity. The establishment of a Chinese naval base in Cambodia — only its second such overseas outpost and its first in the strategically significant Indo-Pacific region — is part of Beijing’s strategy to build a network of military facilities around the world in support of its aspirations to become a true global power, the officials said.”
Also, do check out this thread:
Page 4: Two reports to note. First, a report (English report) about Beijing returning to normalcy. The report says that for three days in a row, Beijing has reported no community transmission. From Monday, restaurants in Beijing started to open up to customers again, provided that people tested negative in the previous three days. I understand checking if people are vaccinated, but this is quite something else. Are these tests free? Also, is the RAT acceptable or does this have to be a PCR test? This sounds like dining out is not only cumbersome but will also be such an expensive process. In addition to this, couriers will also be permitted to enter residential communities, and people who were working from home can return to the office. Public transportation including buses, subways and taxis can resume normal operations.
Next, a report on measures announced by Tianjin to stabilise the economy. The report says that there are some 35 measures to coordinate epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development. It adds that the city plans to fully implement the national fiscal policy, make full use of monetary and financial support, stabilise investment to promote consumption and expand domestic demand, ensure food and energy security, stabilise and smoothen the industrial and supply chains, and secure the bottom line of people’s livelihood.
Page 8: Today, we have the 11th piece in the series excerpted from the book Face to Face with the Century-old Party. This one tells us the “secret” for the Party’s success over the past 100 years and going forward. The first section says that one of the secrets is the Party’s ability to summarise and learn from historical experiences. Of course, it holds up the third history resolution in this context. The second section says that:
“the valuable experience accumulated by the Communist Party of China’s 100-year struggle not only reveals the profound truth of why we succeeded in the past and how we can continue to succeed in the future, but also provides a Chinese example for those countries that are still wandering in the dark and exploring amid confusion.” 从这个宏阔的视角来看，中国共产党百年奋斗积累的宝贵经验，不仅揭示了过去我们为什么能够成功、未来我们怎样才能继续成功的深刻道理，也为那些尚在迷茫中徘徊和探索的国家提供了中国样本.---
The piece adds:
“Looking at the future, only by upholding the Party’s overall leadership and resolutely safeguarding the Party’s core and the authority of the CPC Central Committee can we ensure that the whole Party and the people of the whole country walk with one heart and one mind and move forward in unity.” –面向未来，只有坚持党的全面领导不动摇，坚决维护党的核心和党中央权威，才能确保全党全国人民同心同德、同向同行，团结一致向前进.
“Looking at the future, only by sticking to a people-centred approach, working hard with the people, relying on the people for development, sharing the fruits of development with the people, and unswervingly taking the road of common prosperity for all people, can we rally the majestic force to win greater victories. – 面向未来，只有坚持以人民为中心，和人民有盐同咸、无盐同淡，和人民一起苦干实干，发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享，坚定不移走全体人民共同富裕道路，才能凝聚起夺取更大胜利的磅礴伟力.
The second section also talks about dealing with corruption and undertaking self-revolution. On self-revolution, the piece says: “It is with this ‘exceptional martial art’ that the Party has become more energetic after 100 years of vicissitudes, and has always stood at the forefront of the times.” 正是靠着这一“绝世武功”，党才历经百年沧桑更加充满活力，始终勇立时代潮头.
The last section talks about the five roads and five strategic advantages, which Xi Jinping spoke about during the Two Sessions.
Page 9: On the theory page, the lead piece is by Zhang Donggang, Secretary of the Party Committee of Renmin University of China. He argues that in order to embark on a new road of building world-class universities with Chinese characteristics, it is necessary to pass on the glorious tradition and red genes, so as to generate spiritual impetus for the establishment of universities rooted in China. Based on China’s unique history, unique culture and unique national conditions, run socialist universities with Chinese characteristics well; be mindful of 国之大者, and contribute to the prosperity of our country, national rejuvenation and people’s well-being. 走出一条建设中国特色、世界一流大学的新路，必须把光荣传统和红色基因传承好，为扎根中国大地办大学凝聚强大精神动力；立足我国独特的历史、独特的文化、独特的国情，扎实办好中国特色社会主义高校；胸怀“国之大者”，为服务国家富强、民族复兴、人民幸福贡献力量.
Zhang begins by talking about Xi’s visit to Renmin University in April. He says that Xi had then called for “upholding the leadership of the Party, upholding the guiding position of Marxism, persisting in serving the cause of the Party and the people, carrying out the fundamental task of cultivating people with virtue, inheriting the red genes, establishing universities rooted in Chinese soil, and embarking on a new road of building world-class universities with Chinese characteristics.”
From here, he talks about the importance of inheriting the red genes, which he says is critical to “building a world-class university with Chinese characteristics.” What this implies, Zhang explains in subsequent paragraphs, with each of them addressing a specific historical period. The core argument that he is making is that the education system adapted to the needs of the times, as determined by the Party leadership. And keeping with that tradition, in the new era, Xi Jinping has clearly said that:
“The development direction of China's higher education should be closely linked with the realistic goals and future direction of China's development; it must serve the people, the Communist Party of China’s governance of the country, the consolidation and development of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and the reform, opening up and construction of socialist modernisation.” 我国高等教育发展方向要同我国发展的现实目标和未来方向紧密联系在一起，为人民服务，为中国共产党治国理政服务，为巩固和发展中国特色社会主义制度服务，为改革开放和社会主义现代化建设服务.
In the second section, Zhang clarifies what he means by being rooted in China. There are three aspects to this:
First, “strengthen the study and learning of the history of the Party, the history of New China, the history of reform and opening up, and the history of socialist development…guide teachers and students to gain a profound understanding of history and how the people chose Marxism, the Communist Party of China, the socialist road and reform and opening up; deeply understand the scientificity and truth of Marxism…”
Second, use “China’s excellent traditional culture, revolutionary culture and advanced socialist culture to cultivate souls, enlighten minds and nourish hearts; educate and guide teachers and students to listen to the Party’s words, feel the Party’s grace and follow the Party; strengthen the sense of ambition, backbone and confidence in being Chinese, and integrate patriotism, a desire to serve the country and to will to strengthen the country into the development of the cause of the Party and the people…” 走出一条建设中国特色、世界一流大学的新路，必须用中华优秀传统文化、革命文化、社会主义先进文化培根铸魂、启智润心，教育引导广大师生听党话、感党恩、跟党走，增强做中国人的志气、骨气、底气，将爱国情、报国志、强国行融入党和人民事业发展之中，在时代沃土上挥洒汗水、勤奋耕耘。
Third, be based in China’s unique national conditions.
Next, there’s a piece by Li Xiumei from the School of Marxism, Beijing Language and Culture University. Li writes about patriotic education in the new era. Li talks about strengthening and developing ideological and political courses. To do so, what is needed is:
To persist in guiding and cultivating people through Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, cultivate souls and educate people, highlight the bright theme of realising the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, systematically teach the basic theory of patriotism, accurately explain the connotation and requirements of patriotism in the new era, expand the ideological and theoretical depth of patriotism education, guide young students to establish a sense of family and country, cultivate patriotic feelings, and build a solid ideological foundation.筑牢思政课程主阵地，必须坚持用新时代中国特色社会主义思想定向领航、铸魂育人，突出实现中华民族伟大复兴这一鲜明主题，系统讲授爱国主义基本理论，准确阐释新时代爱国主义的内涵和要求，拓展爱国主义教育的思想理论深度，引导青年学生树立家国意识、厚植爱国情怀、筑牢思想根基.
To combine theory with practice - so there must be field visits, thematic activities, cultural events, off-campus activities, etc.
To promote patriotic education online. Basically, in this, Li talks about strengthening work in cyberspace because that’s where the kids are these days. “Grasp the development trend of new technologies, build an online and offline integrated education system, expand the time dimension and spatial field of patriotic education, and provide basic conditions for young students to receive patriotic education at all times.” 把握新技术发展趋势，搭建网上网下融合联动的教育体系，拓展爱国主义教育的时间维度和空间场域，为青年学生全时全域接受爱国主义教育提供基础条件. Li calls for audio and video recommendations, online articles, documentaries and micro-movies; use of virtual reality, artificial intelligence and other technologies to build digital exhibition halls, digital memorial halls and other patriotic education network bases; strengthen the guidance of online public opinion, conduct comprehensive management according to laws and regulations, and guide young students to consciously resist the wrong thoughts and words that harm national honour and erode mainstream values, so that patriotism can abound in cyberspace.” 强化资源供给，结合青年学生的兴趣点和接受习惯，制作推介体现爱国主义内容、适合网络传播的音视频、网络文章、纪录片、微电影等。运用虚拟现实、人工智能等技术建设数字展览馆、数字纪念馆等爱国主义教育网络基地，持续开展爱国主义主题宣传，唱响网上爱国主义主旋律。优化网络生态，加强网上舆论引导，依法依规进行综合治理，引导青年学生自觉抵制损害国家荣誉、消解主流价值的错误思想言行，让爱国主义充盈网络空间.